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Counseling
Q:
Minuchin's approach to therapy is geared more toward insight, rather than taking action.a. True b. False
Q:
Structural-strategic family therapists limit their interventions to families alone. a. Trueb. False
Q:
In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered:
a. a specific technique of therapy.
b. a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs.
c. a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal.
d. a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.
Q:
The Gestalt therapist:
a. freely makes interpretations for the client.
b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.
c. is mainly nondirective.
d. helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways.
e. assigns homework to bring about specific cognitive and behavior changes.
Q:
The goal of structural-strategic family therapy is to break down any hierarchical structure and replace it with equal relationships among all family members.a. True b. False
Q:
Structural-strategic family therapy deals with boundaries. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is:
a. the emphasis on contact.
b. the approach to confrontation.
c. the use of techniques.
d. the focus on the figure formation process.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy?
a. assessment
b. the here and now
c. the authentic encounter
d. process-oriented diagnosis
e. the paradoxical theory of change
Q:
Minuchin's structuralstrategic therapy is based on the notion that an individual's symptoms are best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and that structural changes must occur in a family before an individual's symptoms can be resolved.a. True b. False
Q:
Erv Polster believes that storytelling:a. is always a form of resistance.b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process since people are storytelling beings.c. is acceptable only if one's client is a writer.d. is an indication that one's client is a pathological liar.e. is a sign of high verbal abilities, and thus, high intelligence.
Q:
A healthy contact experience involves all of the following except:
a. interacting with others while maintaining a sense of self.
b. creativity.
c. maintaining balance between the figure and the ground.
d. projection.
Q:
Because Bowen's multigenerational approach looks at families from a threegenerational perspective, the therapist is mainly interested in past happenings and does not pay much attention to present issues.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Satir's human validation model focuses on functional versus dysfunctional communication in families.a. True b. False
Q:
Field theory suggests that:
a. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
b. human beings have a innate capacity to self regulate.
c. everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux.
d. phenomenological inquiry is the key to behavior change.
e. the "how" of behavior is more important than the "why" of behavior.
Q:
Interventions used by the structural-strategic approaches include joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, and reframing.a. True b. False
Q:
Gestalt therapy is a form of:
a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.
b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. existential therapy.
Q:
Some family therapists focus primarily on the nuclear family, which is based on Western notions, and this could clearly be a shortcoming in working with clients in extended families.a. True b. False
Q:
The cornerstone of Bowen's theory is differentiation of self.a. True b. False
Q:
Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
a. Fritz Perls
b. Laura Perls
c. Miriam Polster
d. Erv Polster
Q:
The goal of Bowen's multigenerational family therapy is to understand one's family of origin issues and to differentiate self within a system.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The person-centered model has been widely adapted to include such areas as family therapy, crisis counseling and classroom education.
Q:
One of the key contributions of most systemic approaches is that neither the individual nor the family is blamed for a particular dysfunction.a. True b. False
Q:
The person-centered approach is not particularly well-suited to multi-cultural counseling.
Q:
Family systems therapy represents a paradigm shift that is sometimes called "the fourth force."a. True b. False
Q:
Maslow postulated a hierarchy of needs as a source of motivation, with the most basic needs being physiological needs.
Q:
Bowen's multigenerational approach stresses techniques more than it does theory.a. True b. False
Q:
Natalie Rogers is no longer an active contributor to the person-centered approach.
Q:
The therapy goals self-esteem and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy?
a. Bowen's multigenerational family therapy
b. Satir's human validation process model
c. Dreikurs's experiential/symbolic family therapy
d. Minuchin's structural family therapy
Q:
The person-centered approach places emphasis on the necessary and sufficient conditions for change.
Q:
A limitation of the family systems model is:a. therapists all too often get lost in their consideration of the "system."b. the systemic perspective can be overwhelming for the therapist. c. family therapy is not well-suited to working with diverse clients. d. an emphasis on family systems precludes a focus on emotions.
Q:
Person-centered therapy groups emphasize self-acceptance and self-reliance.
Q:
Carl Rogers encouraged counselors to use caring confrontations with their clients.
Q:
The core of_________model relied on the power of congruence to help family members communicate with emotional honesty.a. multigenerational family therapy b. strategic family therapyc. social constructionist therapy d. human validation process
Q:
An assumption of person-centered therapy is that the counselor's presence is far more powerful than techniques he or she uses to facilitate change.
Q:
The term "presence" refers to the counselor's ability to be fully engaged in the therapeutic relationship with the client.
Q:
By the late 1970s, the most used models in family systems therapy are:a. behavioral approaches.b. structural-strategic approaches. c. the family process approach.d. existential approaches.
Q:
When Rogers challenged the basic assumption that "the counselor knows best," he thought that this radical idea would affect the power dynamics and politics of the counseling profession, but to his surprise, it did not.
Q:
Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad?a. Minuchin b. Haleyc. Satird. Bowen
Q:
If we hope to work therapeutically with an individual, it is critical to consider him or her within the:a. problematic system.b. behavioral system. c. individual system. d. family system.
Q:
Person-centered expressive arts therapy can be used in both group and individual contexts.
Q:
Techniques are more important to models that see the therapist-as-expert and in charge of makingchangehappen.Collaborative approaches require:a. planning.b. individual techniques.c. individual interventions. d. isolation.
Q:
To _________ is to form a set of ideas about people, systems, and situations that focus meaning in a useful way. a. blameb. hypothesize c. placated. be irrelevant
Q:
The person-centered model has become stagnant and shows little sign of evolution.
Q:
Which approach would be most interested in the interactional patterns, or sequences, in the family?a. Bowenian family therapyb. Human validation process modelc. Structural-strategic family therapy d. Social constructionism
Q:
The person-centered approach evolved from a nondirective therapy to an experiential therapy.
Q:
Students of the person-centered approach sometimes have difficulty letting clients truly find their own way and make decisions in an unassisted fashion.
Q:
Which of the following individuals is notassociated with family therapy?a. Alfred Adlerb. Rudolf Dreikurs c. Fritz Perlsd. Salvador Minuchin
Q:
To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural-strategic therapist working with Miguel and his parents will most likely:a. have them participate in an enactment during the therapy session. b. explain with a genogram the origins of Miguel's temper tantrums. c. help Miguel's parents to develop differentiated selves.d. do a lifestyle assessment.
Q:
Accurate empathic understanding implies an objective understanding of a client.
Q:
Therapists who demonstrate little acceptance of their clients can anticipate that their therapeutic attempts will falter.
Q:
The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:a. emotional reactivity.b. the integration of one's various parts. c. movement toward self-actualization. d. attunement with others.
Q:
Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:a. modifying the family's transactional rules. b. developing more appropriate boundaries. c. reducing symptoms of dysfunction.d. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.
Q:
The concept of unconditional positive regard implies that therapists develop an accepting and
approving attitude toward all actions taken by their clients.
Q:
Therapists are encouraged to use positive regard for clients only as a means of shaping their behavior.
Q:
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:a. joining the family.b. engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust. c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.d. siding with one member involved in the triangle.
Q:
Congruence is a basic characteristic of effective therapists.
Q:
Carl Rogers is often called the "father of psychotherapy research."
Q:
A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of:a. enmeshment. b. normal love. c. displacement. d. triangulation.
Q:
Free association and dream analysis are a typical part of the person-centered therapist's procedures.
Q:
Which approach asserts that unresolved emotional reactivity to one's family must be addressed if one hopes toachieve a mature and unique personality?a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapyc. Social constructionismd. Strategic family therapy
Q:
Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective?a. Bowenian family therapyb. Human validation process model c. Social constructionismd. Strategic family therapy
Q:
According to Carl Rogers, personality change occurs only when clients develop insight into the origin of their personality problems.
Q:
The person-centered approach is based on a set of specific therapeutic techniques designed to
promote behavior change.
Q:
Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets Chun Hei would:
a. prescribe her antidepressant medication.
b. be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.
c. abandon using a systems approach, and treat her with cognitive behavioral methods.
d. be directive and tell her to convince her husband to go back to Korea so she will once again have family support.
Q:
Carl Rogers's approach is based on the assumptions that humans are trustworthy and that clients desire to grow.
Q:
Therapists begin to form a relationship with clients from the moment of:
a. first contact.
b. complete trust.
c. family introductions.
d. engaging in deep conversation.
Q:
Carl Rogers's original emphasis was on reflection of feelings expressed by the client.
Q:
Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play the role of "bad cop" as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working with Roger and his family might:
a. help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries.
b. refer Roger to individual therapy since he clearly needs to work through his unresolved issues that are causing him to feel so angry.
c. take Roger's side and educate his wife about appropriate disciplinary practices.
d. focus on getting the children to stop misbehaving so that Roger and his wife won"t experience this tension.
Q:
A factor that distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other approaches is:
a. the therapist's role as facilitator.
b. the length of treatment.
c. the focus on creating a collaborative spirit.
d. the focus on building genuine relationships among members.
Q:
We create, maintain, and live by often______ that we hope will keep the family (and each of its members) functional.a. the use of bibliotherapy b. differentiation of the self c. agreed upon rulesd. unspoken rules and routines
Q:
Patrick has been confronted by family members and friends about his excessive gambling. Despite their attempts to help him, he insists that they are overreacting and that he has everything under control. He does not feel the need to alter his behaviors. Patrick is at which stage of change?
a. precontemplation
b. contemplation
c. preparation
d. action
e. maintenance
Q:
The techniques of joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, reframing, ordeals, enactments, and paradoxical interventions are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy?a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapyc. Structural-strategic family therapy d. Strategic family therapy
Q:
Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of origin are understood and directly challenged?a. Bowenian family therapyb. Human validation process model c. Structural family therapyd. Strategic family therapy
Q:
According to Natalie Rogers, external conditions that nurture creativity include all of the following except:
a. psychological safety.
b. psychological freedom.
c. simulating and challenging experiences.
d. negative reinforcement.
Q:
The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that:a. the client is connected to living systems.b. family dysfunction is typically caused by the most dominant family member. c. lack of differentiation is the primary cause of all family dysfunction.d. the empty chair technique is the most effective technique.
Q:
Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except:
a. releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression.
b. the creative process is inherently healing.
c. engaging in expressive art forms connects us to our unconscious.
d. emotions are a source of energy.
e. personal growth is facilitated by self-awareness.
Q:
Adrianne, who is uncertain about her career goals and is afraid to commit to any career path, is working with a therapist who specializes in using motivational interviewing strategies. What will her therapist look for in order to assess the success of therapy?
a. an improvement in Adrianne's ability to block negative thoughts about her career options.
b. a reduction in Adrianne's ambivalence about choosing a career path and an increase in her intrinsic motivation to clarify her direction.
c. progress in working through unconscious conflicts related to commitment.
d. A willingness on Adrianne's part to examine her family constellation in order to deepen her understanding of her reasons for her lack of direction.
Q:
Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to:
a. notice and value their experiences.
b. reconceptualize earlier experiences
c. modify their perceptions of themselves, others, and the world.
d. increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action.
e. all of these.
Q:
Satir's human validation process model emphasizes:a. family rules.b. functional versus dysfunctional communication patterns. c. family roles and triads.d. communication and emotional experiencing.
Q:
In the assessment process, questions a family therapist might ask include all of the following, except:
a. What does each family member bring to the session?
b. How can I give voice to my own impulses and fantasies?
c. Who makes decisions? How are conflicts resolved or problems handled?
d. Are the parents effective leaders of the family, and is the process of leadership balanced or imbalanced?