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Counseling
Q:
Gestalt therapy focuses on the cognitive aspects of therapy.
Q:
Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.
Q:
The goal of Gestalt therapy is to solve basic problems, to resolve one's polarities, and to help the individual to adjust to his or her environment.
Q:
In which therapy approach is the client viewed as the expert on his or her own life, while the therapist is seen as an expert questioner who assists clients in freeing themselves of their problem-saturated stories and create new life- affirming stories?a. Existential therapy b. Narrative therapyc. Rational emotive behavior therapy d. Person-centered therapy
Q:
One of the contributions of Gestalt therapy is the vast empirical research that has been done to validate the specific techniques used.
Q:
In which of the following approaches does the therapist ask the client what they are choosing to do?a. Choice theory/reality therapy b. Gestalt therapyc. Family systems therapy d. Psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client. b. should display genuineness and warmth.c. remains anonymous. d. is a teacher.
Q:
Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups.
Q:
Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner hidden, safe, and unknown, they often ask clients to change their questions into statements.
Q:
Empowerment and egalitarianism are the basis of the ________therapeutic relationship. a. existentialb. feminist c. Gestaltd. psychoanalytic
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on eliminating maladaptive behaviors?a. Person-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapyc. Behavior therapy d. Reality therapy
Q:
The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning of the symbols in the dream.
Q:
One of the major goals of reality therapy involves:a. reconstructing the basic personality.b. identifying factors that block freedom.c. encouraging clients to be willing to be a process.d. helping people become more effective in meeting all of their psychological needs.
Q:
Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening tothem?a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Existential therapyc. Behavior therapy d. Adlerian therapy
Q:
According to Perls, awareness of and by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their experiences into some type of cognitive framework if change is to happen.
Q:
One of the goals of feminist therapy is to:a. bring about transformation both in the individual client and in society. b. make the unconscious conscious.c. provide opportunities for reliving early traumas.d. assist clients in gaining awareness of moment-to-moment experiencing.
Q:
Gestalt therapy makes use of a wide variety of techniques that are designed to increase the client's awareness of his or her present experiencing.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client's selfexploration?a. Psychoanalytic therapyb. Gestalt therapyc. Reality therapyd. Person-centered therapy
Q:
Both contact and withdrawal are necessary and important to healthy functioning.
Q:
Which approach offers encouragement so individuals can develop socially useful goals and increase social interest?a. Adlerian therapy b. Behavior therapy c. Reality therapyd. Gestalt therapy
Q:
Therapy is based upon the successful resolution of the transference relationship.
Q:
A Gestalt therapist pays attention to ways the client uses language.
Q:
Which is nota key concept of feminist therapy?a. The personal is political.b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian. c. Commitment to confronting oppressiond. Women's problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective.
Q:
In the Gestaltist view, unfinished business is best explored in the present.
Q:
The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process.
Q:
Which of the following approaches most emphasizes principles of learning?a. Gestalt therapyb. Behavior therapy c. Narrative therapyd. Family systems therapy
Q:
Personcentered therapy puts faith in the client's:a. ability to uncover repressed experiences. b. ability to integrate their polarities.c. capacity for recognizing how birth order affects their choices. d. capacity for self-direction.
Q:
Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.
Q:
Which of the statements below regarding emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is not true?
a. EFT methodology is similar to Gestalt therapy but emphasizes empirically supported treatments.
b. EFT was developed by Fritz Perls' wife, Laura.
c. EFT blends the relational aspects of the person-centered approach with the active phenomenological awareness experiments of Gestalt therapy.
d. EFT entails the practice of therapy being informed by understanding the role of emotion in psychotherapeutic change.
e. All are true.
Q:
Which of the following therapies emphasizes that a person's belief system is the cause of emotional problems?a. Solution-focused brief therapy b. Existential therapyc. Gestalt therapyd. Cognitive behavior therapy
Q:
A key concept of Gestalt therapy is:a. externalizing conversations. b. unfinished business.c. belief systems.d. family of origin issues.
Q:
Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as:
a. a way that clients avoid confrontation.
b. a sign of poor motivation for therapeutic work.
c. a therapy interfering force that needs to be overcome.
d. an element of therapy that needs to be respected.
Q:
Which of the following approaches would contend that normal personality development depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development?a. Narrative therapyb. Family systems therapy c. Psychoanalytic therapyd. Solution-focused therapy
Q:
Adlerian therapy emphasizes the individual's:a. development of a unique lifestyle. b. quality world.c. irrational, crooked thinking. d. polarities.
Q:
Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may:
a. evoke catharsis without having the ability to work it through with their client.
b. design faulty experiments.
c. may use ready-made techniques inappropriately.
d. may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles?
a. designing experiments for group members
b. evoking group catharsis.
c. engaging in self-disclosure
d. facilitating contact in the group setting
Q:
Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy?a. Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of development.b. Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free concepts of feminist therapy. c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span oriented.d. Feminist therapy encourages the use of the DSM to assess psychopathology.
Q:
Which of the following orientations avoids exploring problems, and instead, focuses on creating solutions in the present and the future?a. Freud's psychoanalytic approachb. Family therapyc. Person-centered therapy d. Postmodern approaches
Q:
Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
a. introjection.
b. projection.
c. retroflection.
d. confluence.
Q:
Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths?a. Behavior therapyb. Postmodern approachesc. Rational emotive behavior therapy d. Gestalt therapy
Q:
A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:a. introjection.b. projection.c. retroflection.d. confluence.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence?
a. reunification
b. discovery
c. assimilation
d. accommodation
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the unique style of life we create at an early age?a. Family systems therapy b. Reality therapyc. Rational emotive behavior therapy d. Adlerian therapy
Q:
The empty chair technique:
a. assists clients in reowning parts of their personality.
b. balances internal polarities.
c. allows clients to externalize an introject.
d. helps to resolve unfinished business.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following approaches contends that the nature of the human condition includes self-awareness, freedom of choice, responsibility, and anxiety as basic elements?a. Gestalt therapyb. Person-centered therapy c. Existential therapyd. Adlerian therapy
Q:
Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members?
a. the rehearsal exercise
b. the reversal technique
c. making the rounds
d. the exaggeration technique
Q:
Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy?
a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients.
b. It is important to confront clients with the ways they are avoiding being fully alive.
c. Confrontation does not have to be aimed at negative traits.
d. Confrontation should be a genuine expression of caring.
Q:
According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are:a. motivated by social interest.b. determined by psychic energy and early experiences. c. inclined toward becoming fully functioning.d. free to choose who they will become.
Q:
Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist not focus on?
a. "it" talk
b. "you" talk
c. questions
d. language that denies power
e. semantics
Q:
Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.a. True b. False
Q:
Gestalt therapists say that clients resist contact by means of:
a. retroflection.
b. projection.
c. introjection.
d. all of these
Q:
There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?
a. He developed Gestalt therapy.
b. During his childhood, he was a model student.
c. He was trained in psychoanalysis.
d. He gave workshops and seminars at the Esalen Institute.
e. He aroused various reactions in the people he met.
Q:
Family systems therapy is represented by a variety of theories and approaches, all of which focus on the relational aspects of human problems.a. True b. False
Q:
Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Families are multilayered systems that both affect and are affected by the larger systems in which they are embedded.a. True b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques?
a. "Exercises" are ready-made techniques.
b. "Experiments" grow out of the interaction between therapist and client.
c. Clients need to be prepared for their involvement in Gestalt techniques.
d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.
e. Techniques are used for the purpose of increasing the client's awareness.
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:
a. a joint venture.
b. an existential encounter.
c. an I/Thou interaction.
d. all of these
Q:
Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal. a. Trueb. False
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except:
a. contact is necessary for change and growth to occur.
b. one maintains a sense of individuality as a result of good contact.
c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.
d. contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.
e. we often tend to resist contact with others.
Q:
Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is:
a. weak.
b. well-developed.
c. becoming stronger.
d. unavailable.
Q:
Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions.a. True b. False
Q:
Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power they have entering into already established systems, and they work to promote understanding through curiosity and interest rather than through formal assessments.a. True b. False
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:
a. keep themselves from facing unfinished business.
b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.
c. keep from having to change.
d. all of these
Q:
Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy suburban clients.a. True b. False
Q:
A contribution of this therapeutic approach is that:
a. it enables intense experiencing to occur quickly.
b. it can be a relatively brief therapy.
c. it stresses doing and experiencing, as opposed to talking about problems.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:
a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.
b. that suggests they have no internal conflicts.
c. they are sound sleepers.
d. they lack creativity.
e. they should be referred to a therapist with a different theoretical orientation.
Q:
The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:
a. attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.
b. to understand why we feel as we do.
c. to uncover repressed material.
d. to help clients develop better social skills.
Q:
Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the therapist's relationship with a family.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:
a. we change by setting future-oriented goals.
b. clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be.
c. careful attention should devoted to changing behavior in the moment it is happening.
d. we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.
e. change is facilitated when we accept our mortality.
Q:
The role of the family therapist involves being in charge of the session. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The process of differentiation occurs in most cultures, but it takes on a different shape due to cultural norms. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, Mariah's therapist:
a. may need to contact a psychiatric hospital (and possibly an animal shelter) since it is likely Mariah unconsciously desires to marry a dog.
b. should interpret the dream for her client.
c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.
d. should encourage her client to forget the dream since it was meaningless.
Q:
A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is:
a. making the rounds.
b. the reversal exercise.
c. the rehearsal exercise.
d. the empty chair technique.
Q:
The focus of structural-strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than on dealing with present problems of a family.a. True b. False
Q:
Structural-strategic family therapists do not generally deal with the presenting problem; rather, they focus on the underlying symptom of a dysfunctional system.a. True b. False
Q:
Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:
a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.
b. have Greta undergo hypnosis.
c. ask Greta to free associate to the words "slouched posture."
d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.
Q:
When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?
a. making the rounds
b. the reversal technique
c. the internal dialogue exercise
d. the rehearsal exercise
e. the exaggeration exercise
Q:
Structural-strategic family therapy has its foundation in behavioral theory. a. Trueb. False