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Counseling
Q:
When practicing mindfulness:
a. clients learn to focus on one thing at a time and to bring their attention back to the present moment when distractions arise.
b. clients develop an attitude of curiosity and compassion to present experience.
c. clients learn how to be aware of themselves without being judgmental.
d. clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their present experience while at the same time achieving a distance from it.
e. all of these.
Q:
During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists:
a. continued to emphasize empirically supported treatments.
b. increased their focus on the role of emotion in behavior change.
c. adopted a stronger biological perspective.
d. applied behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness.
e. all of these
Q:
A limitation of behavior therapy is:
a. the overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition.
b. the overemphasis upon insight.
c. the lack of empirical research validating its techniques.
d. the need for long-term treatment to effect change.
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following would not be considered a feature of a good self-contract?
a. It emphasizes the positive.
b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist.
c. It is clear and specific.
d. It is based on realistic change goals.
e. It includes a balance of appropriate rewards and sanctions.
Q:
Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training?
a. feedback
b. modeling
c. social reinforcement
d. homework assignments
e. relaxation
Q:
Haley has difficulty turning down dates and consistently allows men to take advantage of her. A behavioral intervention that may help Haley establish appropriate boundaries with others and speak up for herself is:
a. stress inoculation training.
b. anger management.
c. assertion training.
d. EMDR.
e. In vivo flooding.
Q:
Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:
a. cognitive behavior therapy.
b. social learning theory.
c. applied behavior analysis.
d. operant conditioning.
e. dialectical behavior therapy
Q:
Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?
a. a focus on experimental analysis
a. a focus on evaluating therapeutic procedures
c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change
d. the integration of mindfulness approaches as a basic part of any treatment procedure
e. a tendency to draw from the experiential approaches as a way to build a relationships
Q:
Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?
a. Bandura
b. Linehan
c. Wolpe
d. Jacobson
e. Skinner
Q:
What is the current thinking in the field regarding the role of spirituality in counseling?a. There is growing evidence that spiritual practice is therapeutically relevant, ethically appropriate, and potentially significant topics for practice of counseling in secular settings.b. Counselors are encouraged to be cautious and engage in peripheral discussions about spirituality only. c. There is little interest in integrating spiritual issues in counseling.d. Counselors should take a directive approach in helping clients meet their spiritual needs.
Q:
In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:
a. does not address this issue.
b. provides a basis for responsible practice.
c. offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches.
d. makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.
e. is the only ethical form of therapy today.
Q:
Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy?
a. Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model.
b. Therapists use techniques from various theoretical models without subscribing to the theory.
c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.
d. It is considered confusing to the client.
e. It essentially gives therapists permission to use techniques and strategies in a haphazard and sloppy manner.
Q:
Regarding psychotherapy outcome, research shows:a. the behavioral approaches are more effective than the humanistic approaches.b. there are clear factors that predict which models of therapy work best for particular types of clients.c. the therapeutic relationship is not a major contributor to therapeutic change.d. no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.
Q:
The __________assesses the client's therapeutic progress through ratings of a client's personal experience of well-being in his or her individual, interpersonal, and social functioning.a. Session Rating Scaleb. Outcome Rating Scalec. Income Rating Scaled. Termination Rating Scale
Q:
The common factors approach to psychotherapy integration:a. searches for common elements across different theoretical systems.b. supports the notion of remaining theoretically consistent and technically eclectic. c. synthesizes important aspects of two or more theories.d. emphasizes the importance of spirituality in counseling.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the acronym "BASIC ID"?
a. behavior
b. cognition
c. interpersonal relationships
d. aspirations
e. sensation
Q:
What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?
a. exploration of one's family constellation
b. selection of specific goals
c. self-monitoring
d. self-reinforcement procedures
e. working out a plan for change
Q:
Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:
a. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.
b. Phil agrees to take up sky diving as a hobby.
c. Phil has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a skyscraper.
d. Phil acknowledges his fear.
Q:
The _________measures a client's perception of the quality of the therapeutic relationship, which includes the relational bond with the therapist, the perceived collaboration around specific tasks in therapy, and agreement on goals, methods, and client preferences.a. Session Rating Scaleb. Outcome Rating Scale c. Income Rating Scaled. Termination Rating Scale
Q:
Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?
a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning.
b. They focus on specific aspects of problems.
c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem.
d. They serve as a model for the client.
e. All of these are true.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to integration refers to a conceptual creation beyond a mere blending of techniques?a. Technical eclecticismb. Common factors approach c. Theoretical integrationd. Assimilative integration
Q:
B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?
a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. multimodal therapy
d. dialectical behavior therapy
e. relaxation training
Q:
__________ is designed to evaluate and to improve the quality and effectiveness of counseling services. a. Session Rating Scaleb. Outcome Rating Scale c. Income Rating Scaled. Feedback-informed treatment
Q:
___________is an efficacious approach to helping people who experience psychological distress improve their functioning.a. Psychotherapy b. Treatmentc. Intervention d. Techniques
Q:
A limitation of behavior therapy is that it: a. may change behavior but not feelings. b. does not identify specific problems.c. does not make room for cognitive factors.d. fails to explicitly define the role of the therapist.
Q:
Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?
a. Joseph Wolpe
b. Hans Eysenck
c. E. Jacobson
d. Arnold Lazarus
e. Albert Bandura
Q:
Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?
a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete.
b. It is grounded in learning theory.
c. Many specific techniques are supported by research.
d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.
e. Emphasis is given to observing overt behaviors.
Q:
Which statement is not true?
a. Behavioral and humanistic approaches cannot be reconciled.
b. Current behavior therapy is grounded on a deterministic view of persons.
c. Behavioral methods can be used to attain humanistic ends.
d. Contemporary behavior therapy focuses on how people are determined by their social and cultural environments.
e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.
Q:
A limitation of Gestalt therapy is that it:a. does not allow for full expression of feelings. b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.c. completely ignores the past.d. may neglect cognitive factors.
Q:
A limitation of existential therapy is its:a. emphasis on the therapist as an expert. b. adherence to the medical model.c. limited applicability to nonverbal clients. d. use of simplistic concepts.
Q:
A limitation of person-centered therapy is:a. the possible danger of the therapist remaining passive and inactive. b. the emphasis on complex ideas and concepts.c. the lack of research to support the theory.d. neglect of the value of the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
In the ABC model, the A stands for:
a. arbitrary behaviors
b. antecedents
c. actions
d. assessment
Q:
Behavior therapy is suited for:
a. individual therapy.
b. group therapy.
c. institutions and clinics.
d. classroom learning situations.
e. all of these.
Q:
Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called:
a. functional assessment.
b. motivational interviewing.
c. mindfulness-based stress reduction.
d. reorientation.
e. biofeedback.
Q:
A limitation of reality therapy is that it:a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped. b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.c. does not appeal to resistant clients. d. has limited applicability.
Q:
A limitation of psychoanalytic therapy is that:a. it requires a short period of training for therapists. b. it is inexpensive for clients.c. the model stresses biological and instinctual factors to the neglect of social, cultural, and interpersonal ones. d. many clients have the degree of ego strength needed for regressive and reconstructive therapy.
Q:
The negative impact of discrimination and oppression for both men and women has surfaced as a result of:a. rational emotive behavior therapy. b. person-centered therapy.c. family systems therapy. d. feminist therapy.
Q:
Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?
a. assertive training
b. operant conditioning
c. systematic desensitization
d. social reinforcement
e. stress inoculation
Q:
All of the following are true about social skills training except:
a. It is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth.
b. It involves modeling and reinforcement techniques.
c. It uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations.
d. It requires clients to engage in catharsis.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy puts an emphasis on direct experiencing and doing?a. Person-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapyc. Rational emotive behavior therapy d. Narrative therapy
Q:
Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy?
a. The client must be an active participant.
b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
c. Therapy cannot be imposed on unwilling clients.
d. Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.
Q:
Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy?
a. dialectical behavior therapy
b. relaxation training
c. acceptance and commitment therapy
d. mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Q:
One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on:a. unconscious motivations. b. empirical validation.c. unleashing buried feelings.d. social and psychological factors.
Q:
What is the function of the behavior therapist?
a. to provide modeling for the client
b. to provide a collaborative therapeutic environment
c. to assess specific behavior problems
d. to provide reinforcement for clients
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and emphasizes the role of choice?a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Reality therapyc. Narrative therapy d. Gestalt therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches recognized the need for a subjective approach based on a complete view of the human condition?a. Family systems therapy b. Psychoanalytic therapyc. Person-centered therapy d. Existential therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and evaluation?a. Behavior therapy b. Existential therapyc. Psychoanalytic therapy d. Reality therapy
Q:
Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?
a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
b. The relationship is considered collaborative.
c. Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.
d. The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.
Q:
Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking about action to taking action.
Q:
One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its:a. subjective approach.b. reliance on research for validation.c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning. d. emphasis on an I/Thou relationship.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is applied to both women and men with the goal of bringing about empowerment?a. Feminist therapyb. Psychoanalytic therapyc. Person-centered therapy d. Adlerian therapy
Q:
Although Perls used a highly confrontational approach in dealing with client avoidance and resistance, the confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt therapy.
Q:
Fritz Perls' wife Laura stated, "Without the constant support from his friends, and from me, without the constant encouragement and collaboration, Fritz would never have written a line, nor founded anything."
Q:
In Gestalt terms, awareness refers to our connectedness to our external and internal worlds.
Q:
Existential therapy can be especially helpful for:a. individuals with phobic disorders. b. children with behavior disorders. c. patients in a mental hospital.d. individuals facing a transition in life.
Q:
Which of the following approaches is least likely to be applied to short-term crisis intervention?a. Existential therapyb. Person-centered therapyc. Reality therapyd. Psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is especially well suited for the initial phases of crisis intervention work?a. Reality therapyb. Person-centered therapy c. Psychoanalytic therapyd. Solution-focused brief therapy
Q:
Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is neither explored nor given emphasis.
Q:
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is synonymous with Gestalt therapy.
Q:
Which of the following therapies is a pragmatic approach based on empirical validation of results?a. Behavior therapy b. Narrative therapy c. Existential therapyd. Rational emotive behavior therapy
Q:
A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist relationship rather than on techniques.
Q:
Which of the following therapies is based on a growth model and is applicable to such varied spheres of life as child guidance, parent-child counseling, and marital and family therapy?a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Behavioral therapyc. Cognitive behavior therapy d. Adlerian therapy
Q:
People who rely on retroflection tend to inhibit themselves from taking action out of fear of embarrassment, guilt, and resentment.
Q:
In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is:a. "The Question."b. reauthoring one's life story.c. value judgments. d. interpretation.
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, a client's resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic work.
Q:
Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us.
Q:
In feminist therapy, the following technique(s) is/are used to help clients recognize the impact of gender-role socialization:a. free association. b. unbalancing.c. scaling questions.d. consciousness-raising.
Q:
The technique of intensifying experiences and integrating conflicting feelings is associated with:a. Gestalt therapy.b. person-centered therapy. c. existential therapy.d. reality therapy.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses the attitude of the therapist over the use of techniques?a. Person-centered therapy b. Psychoanalytic therapyc. Cognitive-behavior therapy d. Behavior therapy
Q:
Blocked energy is a form of defensive behavior.
Q:
One of the techniques used by behavior therapists in dealing with a client's anxiety is:a. the miracle question. b. encouragement.c. externalizing the problem. d. systematic desensitization.
Q:
Gestalt therapies view a client's avoidance behavior as related to unfinished business.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses understanding first and technique second?a. Gestalt therapyb. Existential therapyc. Rational emotive behavior therapy d. Family systems therapy
Q:
Most of the Gestalt techniques are designed to intensify one's experiencing.
Q:
A key technique of Adlerian therapy is:a. free association.b. dialogue with polarities. c. family sculpting.d. the assessment of one's family constellation.
Q:
Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these techniques.
Q:
Gestalt techniques can be considered experiments.
Q:
In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and directive, functioning as a teacher or mentor for the client?a. Existential therapyb. Person-centered therapy c. Behavior therapyd. Gestalt therapy
Q:
An Adlerian therapist would:a. maintain an aloof stance.b. establish a cooperative relationship based on equality. c. take the role of expert.d. take the role of a friendly parent.
Q:
Which of the following approaches encourages therapists to accurately grasp the client's "being in the world"?a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Adlerian therapyc. Behavior therapy d. Existential therapy