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Counseling
Q:
Which of the following is something the solution-focused therapist tends to avoid in working with Ruth?
a. There is a focus on looking for exceptions to the problems that Ruth brings up for discussion.
b. Much of the therapeutic endeavor is devoted to talking about Ruth's symptoms and promoting insight on her part so that she can make changes.
c. The emphasis is on Ruth's strengths, assets, accomplishments, abilities, competencies, skills, and successes.
d. An attempt is made to keep the conversation non-pathological.
e. Ruth is helped to view her problems as something external to herself and to her life.
Q:
The social constructionist therapist working with Ruth:
a. sees herself in a non-expert position in relation to what is the correct path for Ruth in her life.
b. views her expertise in the area of language and meaning.
c. proposes that reality is created in language between people.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
At the first session, the social constructionist therapist would primarily be interested in:
a. establishing a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis.
b. explaining to Ruth the theoretical orientation and techniques to be used.
c. what Ruth wants for her future.
d. Ruth's background pertaining to the development of the problem.
e. giving Ruth a battery of psychological tests.
Q:
Operating from a social constructionist's perspective, the therapist would likely take what stand on making a diagnosis in Ruth's case?
a. It is essential to develop a treatment plan.
b. It is useful to set the climate for therapy.
c. The therapist would collaborate with Ruth on assigning an appropriate diagnosis.
d. The therapist would develop a working diagnosis which would be firmed up by the third session.
e. Both (a) and (b)
Q:
Ruth makes it clear that she wants to work on her weight problem and her body image in her therapy. A feminist therapist is likely to:
a. begin with developing a specific contract and behavioral plan aimed at helping her to lose weight.
b. teach Ruth the value of dieting and exercises.
c. explore with Ruth the unconscious dynamics of why she has a weight problem.
d. explore societal standards that impose unrealistic views of body image and ideal weight.
e. encourage Ruth to examine other issues that may be more pressing.
Q:
When the feminist therapist intervenes to increase Ruth's insight about how societal gender-role expectations adversely affect women, the therapist is using:
a. reframing.
b. cognitive restructuring.
c. gender-role and power analysis.
d. social action strategies.
e. exploration of injunctions and early decisions.
Q:
Regarding the use of traditional diagnosis from a feminist perspective, which of the following statements is false?
a. Without an accurate formal diagnosis, there is no basis for effective therapy.
b. The DSM-IV-TR reflects the dominant culture's definition of pathology and health.
c. Sexism, racism, and classism are embodied in traditional diagnosis.
d. Diagnostic labels generally locate the source of a client's problems in the person, rather than in the environment.
e. Many feminist therapists avoid using traditional diagnostic practices.
Q:
Which of the following is considered to be a basic tenet of feminist therapy?
a. Gender-role socialization is healthy for women and men.
b. Therapy needs to be based on a diagnostic framework.
c. The main goal of therapy is to teach clients how to dispute faulty thinking.
d. The personal is political.
e. Patriarchy is good for human relationships.
Q:
Which of the following is not a technique generally used by feminist therapists?
a. gender-role analysis
b. gathering early recollections
c. bibliotherapy
d. taking social and political action
e. reframing a client's concerns
Q:
Feminist therapy:
a. was the first approach to take into consideration the social and political milieu in which people live as a cause of distress.
b. challenged the assumption that distress was due to individual pathology.
c. is based on the premise that lasting psychological change must address contextual issues as well as individual issues.
d. is based on the principle of the "personal as political."
e. all of the above
Q:
Feminism holds that gender inequity exists and that this is a source of oppression. This inequality is based on:
a. the natural differences between women and men.
b. cultural factors.
c. an imbalance of power in favor of men.
d. the manner in which men are socialized.
e. a matriarchal society.
Q:
Which of the following is not a part of the WDEP system of reality therapy as applied to Ruth?
a. determining Ruth's wants
b. assisting Ruth in understanding the direction of what she is doing
c. assisting Ruth to understanding how her family of origin issues are still present today
d. assisting Ruth in making her own inner self-evaluation
e. developing realistic plans aimed at fulfilling her needs
Q:
All of the following are elements in the process of reality therapy except:
a. establishing a therapeutic relationship.
b. encouraging her to re-author a problem-saturated story.
c. challenging Ruth to evaluate her behavior.
d. assisting Ruth in developing a realistic plan for change.
e. getting Ruth to make a commitment to carry out her plan.
Q:
A basic premise of reality therapy is that:
a. behavior controls our perceptions.
b. behavior is a manifestation of unconscious dynamics.
c. behavior will not change until the client acquires insight.
d. behavior will become healthy after the client experiences catharsis.
e. both (c) and (d).
Q:
Reality therapy is:
a. active.
b. directive.
c. practical.
d. based on choice theory.
e. all of the above.
Q:
A reality therapist would:
a. explore what Ruth wants.
b. help Ruth evaluate what she is doing.
c. help Ruth formulate an action plan.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
Q:
A reality therapist would be most interested in learning how Ruth is:
a. meeting her basic needs.
b. expressing her social interest.
c. gaining insight into the causes of her behavior.
d. able to experience catharsis.
e. all of the above.
Q:
From a reality therapy framework, psychological symptoms are viewed as:
a. the problem to address in therapy.
b. merely the underlying dynamic of a particular problem.
c. a chosen behavior.
d. unconscious patterns.
e. feelings that need to be expressed.
Q:
The founder of reality therapy is:
a. Robert Wubbolding.
b. Albert Ellis.
c. David Cain.
d. William Glasser.
e. William Blau.
Q:
In using REBT techniques with Ruth, the therapist's main aim is to:
a. ameliorate her presenting symptoms, such as panic or guilt.
b. help her make a profound philosophical change.
c. help her to feel better.
d. uncover unconscious dynamics that are causing present problems.
e. experience her feelings as intensely as possible.
Q:
Ruth closes her eyes and vividly imagines one of the worst things that could happen to her. This is a part of the technique known as:
a. self-affirmation.
b. assertion training.
c. rational-emotive imagery.
d. cognitive disputation.
e. in vivo desensitization.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of an emotive technique of REBT?
a. learning to dispute her demands and irrational "musts"
b. reading books and other written material on REBT
c. reinforcing herself after she has completed a difficult homework assignment
d. writing down a specific plan aimed at change
e. carrying out a shame-attacking exercise
Q:
Which of the following would Albert Ellis be least likely to incorporate in his counseling sessions with Ruth?
a. encouraging her to relive her early childhood traumatic experiences
b. using in vivo desensitization
c. exploring her irrational thinking
d. teaching her how to debate self-defeating thinking patterns
e. teaching her new and more functional beliefs
Q:
The main goal of behavior therapy is:
a. fostering self-actualization.
b. expanding self-understanding and insight.
c. assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior.
d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.
Q:
Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in:
a. arrogance and grandiosity.
b. intelligence.
c. self-efficacy.
d. cognitive functioning.
Q:
Behavior therapy is based on:
a. applying the experimental method to the therapeutic process.
b. a systematic set of concepts.
c. a well-developed theory of personality.
d. the principle of self-actualization.
Q:
Behavior therapy is characterized by:
a. a focus on overt specific behavior.
b. a formulation of precise treatment goals.
c. the design of an appropriate treatment plan.
d. the objective assessment of the results of therapy.
e. all of these.
Q:
Behavior therapy assumes that:
a. behavior is the result of unconscious forces.
b. behavior is the result of free choices.
c. behavior is determined by psychic energy.
d. behavior is learned.
Q:
Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:
a. empirically supported treatments.
b. functional analysis of behavior.
c. a philosophical view of human behavior.
d. a comprehensive assessment process.
e. operant conditioning.
Q:
There is little empirical support for ACT.
Q:
Both Linehan and Lazurus emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship in behavioral treatments.
Q:
Acceptance and commitment therapy is not a mindfulness based approach.
Q:
Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.
Q:
Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.
Q:
Evidence-based procedures are a part of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
Q:
The basic therapeutic conditions stressed by person-centered therapists can be integrated into a behavioral framework.
Q:
Multimodal therapy does not fit well with the goals and aspirations of managed care.
Q:
Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.
Q:
Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.
Q:
Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.
Q:
There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.
Q:
Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Q:
Multimodal therapy encourages its practitioners to fit their procedures to the needs of the client by borrowing techniques from many other approaches.
Q:
Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.
Q:
Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the "third wave" of behavior therapy.
Q:
A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of
obtaining important information related to the client's problem.
Q:
Some researchers believe that fear of flying may be due primarily to claustrophobia.
Q:
A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking and "self-talk" as a factor in behavior.
Q:
Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in teaching new
behaviors to socially disturbed children.
Q:
Behavior therapy has been successfully used with developmentally delayed clients.
Q:
Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.
Q:
Some counselors feel behavior therapy is too focused on symptoms and not causes of problems.
Q:
Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.
Q:
Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.
Q:
Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
a. The approach was formulated for treating borderline personality disorders.
b. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client/therapist relationship.
c. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices.
d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques.
e. DBT relies on empirical data to support its effectiveness.
Q:
Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?
a. an expanded view of psychological health
b. a broad view of acceptable outcomes in therapy
c. acceptance
d. a more precise focus on psychopathology
e. creating a life worth living
Q:
EMDR is typically used to help clients:
a. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.
b. explore repressed unconscious material from early childhood.
c. facilitate the client's expression of personal needs while in relationship with others.
d. reduce anxiety related to specific phobias.
Q:
In vivo flooding consists of:
a. brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events.
b. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli.
c. imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation.
d. guided use of mindfulness techniques.
Q:
The key principle in applied behavior analysis is:
a. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.
b. to use positive and negative punishment to change behavior.
c. in vivo desensitization.
d. all of these.
Q:
In group settings, behavior therapists provide all of the following except:
a. modeling.
b. teaching of new skills.
c. little direct feedback.
d. directive support of clients.
Q:
The premise of the exposure-based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through:
a. extinction of a maladaptive response to a feared stimulus.
b. habituation.
c. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response.
d. progressive muscle relaxation.
e. negative reinforcement.
Q:
Sergio is co-leading a social skills group for children with Aspergers. He and his co-leader must collect data on group members' progress:
a. before the group starts and at the end of the group, but not during the group.
b. before, during, and after all interventions.
c. only at the last group session.
d. only if the group members' parents request it.
Q:
Lazarus argues in favor of:
a. technical eclecticism.
b. positive punishment.
c. zen-based techniques.
d. strict adherence to treatment manuals to ensure standardization.
e. theoretical integration
Q:
In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term "acceptance" is:
a. resignation.
b. nonjudgmental awareness.
c. tolerance.
d. approval.
Q:
Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but:
a. conducting behavioral assessment.
b. collaboratively forming precise treatment goals.
c. a time-limited intervention.
d. providing members with feedback regarding their therapeutic progress.
Q:
If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?
a. systematic desensitization
b. self-management
c. assertion training
d. punishment
Q:
Self-management strategies include:
a. self-monitoring.
b. self-award.
c. self-contracting.
d. stimulus control.
e. all of these
Q:
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from:
a. multimodal therapy and mindfulness.
b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.
c. motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
d. Yoga, systematic desensitization, and mindfulness.
Q:
Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:
a. yoga.
b. flooding.
c. body scan meditation.
d. a present-focused orientation.
Q:
All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:
a. hypnosis.
b. relaxation training.
c. the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
d. psychoeducation.
Q:
Behavior therapists tend to:
a. be active and directive.
b. function as consultants.
c. function as problem solvers.
d. all of these
Q:
What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to a friend or colleague?
a. MBSR consists of the notion that much of our distress and suffering results from continually wanting things to be different from how they actually are.
b. MBSR aims to assist people in learning how to live more fully in the present rather than ruminating about the past or being overly concerned about the future.
c. MBSR does not actively teach cognitive modification techniques, nor does it label certain cognitions as "dysfunctional," because this is not consistent with the nonjudgmental attitude one strives to cultivate in mindfulness practice.
d. The approach adopted in the MBSR program is to develop the capacity for sustained directed attention through formal meditation practice.
e. All of these.
Q:
In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client's functioning is taken into account in which area(s)?
a. emotional dimensions
b. cognitive dimensions
c. behavioral dimensions
d. interpersonal dimensions
e. all of these
Q:
All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except:
a. Behavior therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.
b. Behavior therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms.
c. Behavior therapy focuses on the client's current problems and the factors influencing them.
d. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.
Q:
_________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.
a. Albert Bandura.
b. Joseph Wolpe.
c. B.F. Skinner.
d. Arnold Lazarus.
e. Alan Kazdin.
Q:
In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?
a. mindfulness
b. interpersonal effectiveness
c. emotional regulation
d. distress tolerance
e. relapse prevention
Q:
_____________involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior has occurred.
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Systematic desensitization
e. Flooding
Q:
Skinner's view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. reciprocal inhibition.
d. acceptance.
Q:
The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. modeling.
d. flooding.
Q:
Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. modeling.
d. motivational interviewing.
e. cognitive therapy.