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Counseling
Q:
Social constructionists believe that knowledge is time- and culture-bound, and our ways of understanding are not necessarily better than other ways.
Q:
The solution-focused approach was originally designed as a brief model of psychotherapy.
Q:
In solution-focused therapy, exceptions represent instances when a particular problem in a client's life was not prominent.
Q:
Narrative therapists pay significant attention to a client's past as it helps them understand the origins of client's stories.
Q:
Narrative therapy is not well-suited to multicultural counseling.
Q:
The use of techniques is fundamental in narrative therapy.
Q:
The postmodern philosophy suggests that reality and truth are objective and clearly defined.
Q:
Narrative therapy has been effectively applied in school settings.
Q:
The founder(s) of narrative therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
Q:
The founder(s) of solution-focused brief therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
Q:
Which is not a major contribution of the postmodern approaches?
a. the non-pathologizing stance.
b. the optimistic orientation.
c. the course of treatment is quite short compared to other approaches.
d. research on these approaches is considered empirically generalizable.
Q:
A limitation of the postmodern approaches is:
a. therapists require extensive training in providing brief therapy.
b. inexperienced therapists may over rely on techniques and appear mechanistic.
c. the use of open-ended questioning.
d. its lack of applicability to group counseling.
Q:
The creation of the self, which dominated the modernist search for human essence and truth:
a. is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives.
b. is also a key concept of the postmodern approaches.
c. is more relevant in the narrative approach than it is in solution-oriented therapy.
d. has proven to be completely irrelevant to all counselors and therapists practicing today.
Q:
Narrative therapists pay attention to "sparkling events." These are:
a. moments when the client feels exhilarated.
b. events that contradict problem-saturated narratives.
c. times when significant others give the client unconditional love.
d. events characterized by a striving to overcome barriers.
e. stories the client shares that are too good to be true, and in fact, prove to be gross exaggerations of the truth.
Q:
Narrative therapists attempt to do all of the following except:
a. engage people in deconstructing problem-saturated stories.
b. discover preferred directions and new possibilities.
c. create new stories.
d. encourage free association.
Q:
The techniques of externalization and developing unique events are associated primarily with:
a. solution-oriented therapy.
b. the linguistic approach.
c. the narrative approach.
d. the reflecting team.
e. crisis intervention.
Q:
Of the following, what is an interest that social constructionists tend to share?
a. helping clients better understand objective reality
b. using paradoxical techniques
c. using a genogram to teach families about conflicts
d. generating new meaning in the lives of individuals
e. helping clients tap into the collective unconscious
Q:
From a social constructionist perspective, change begins with:
a. deconstructing the power of cultural narratives.
b. understanding the roots of a problem.
c. the therapist's skill in using confrontational techniques.
d. understanding and accepting objective reality.
e. disputing irrational beliefs.
Q:
Which of the following statements about creating alternative stories is not true?
a. Constructing new stories goes hand in hand with deconstructing problem-saturated narratives.
b. The narrative therapist analyzes and interprets the meaning of a client's story.
c. The therapist works with clients collaboratively by helping them construct more coherent and comprehensive stories that they live by.
d. The development of alternative stories is an enactment of ultimate hope.
e. The narrative therapist listens for openings to new stories.
Q:
Solution-focused brief therapy has parallels with______________, which concentrates on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems.
a. brief psychodynamic therapy
b. positive psychology
c. Adlerian therapy
d. REBT
Q:
Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe times in their lives when they were able to solve their problem or when their problem was less severe?
a. pre-therapy change
b. the miracle question
c. exception questions
d. scaling
e. formula first session task
Q:
The role of the leader in solution-focused therapy groups isnot:
a. to set the tone of focusing on solutions.
b. to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems.
c. to create a setting where the client feels resourceful and capable.
d. to skillfully ask questions to guide clients to finding solutions to their problems.
e. to encourage clients to act in the manner they did when their problem was not present.
Q:
Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client populations for all of the following reasons except:
a. it was founded in a sociocultural context.
b. it allows clients to tell their unique stories from their perspective.
c. it defines mental health within a social, political, and relational context.
d. it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.
Q:
Which of the following is false as it applies to the practice of solution-focused brief therapy?
a. Individuals who come to therapy have the ability to effectively cope with their problems.
b. There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future.
c. Clients want to change, have the capacity to change, and are doing their best to make change happen.
d. Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client's capacity to find his or her own way.
Q:
The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves:
a. the premise that to some degree clients already know the solutions to their problems.
b. asking clients about those times when their problems were not present or when the problems were less severe.
c. believing that clients are the experts on their own lives.
d. trusting that solutions evolve out of therapeutic conversations and dialogues.
e. all of these
Q:
In the solution-oriented approach, which is not considered one of the three basic parts to the structure of summary feedback?
a. compliments
b. a bridge
c. expressing concern
d. suggesting a task
Q:
All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they:
a. have little interest in a client exploring past problems.
b. focus on the client's early childhood experiences.
c. believe that the cause of a problem is not necessarily related to its solution.
d. expect that two clients may have different solutions to the same problem.
Q:
All of the following are characteristics shared by the postmodern and person-centered approaches except:
a. the high value of the therapeutic relationship.
b. the belief that are capable of solving their problems.
c. the importance of using specific techniques in therapy.
d. the therapist's sense of caring and respect for their client.
e. the importance of the client defining the goals for therapy.
Q:
All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for:
a. using the reflecting team
b. scaling questions
c. the miracle question
d. formula first session task
e. exception questions
Q:
In the view of the postmodern therapist, the most essential element of therapy is:
a. assessment.
b. the collaborative therapeutic relationship.
c. diagnosis.
d. brief course of treatment.
e. skilled use of techniques.
Q:
Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid personality. Her solution-oriented therapist would be most inclined to:
a. explore her early childhood experiences with being rejected.
b. consider her irrational belief to be indicative of psychopathology.
c. ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.
d. prescribe medication for her anxiety issues.
Q:
The postmodern view incorporates all of the following concepts except for the notion that:
a. reality is objectively defined.
b. reality is based on the use of language.
c. reality is socially constructed.
d. each individual experiences their own unique reality.
Q:
A solution-oriented therapist might ask her client, a compulsive shopper, which of the following questions?
a. Who has the best shoe sale this week, Macy's or Nordstrom's?
b. If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different?
c. Who in your family is most affected when you go on a spending spree?
d. At what point in your life did you develop this fixation on shopping?
Q:
During the past 20 years ____________ have found classic feminist theories wanting and have offered new theoretical perspectives focused on issues of diversity, the complexity of sexism, and the centrality of social context in understanding gender issues.
a. postmodern feminists
b. radical feminists
c. socialist feminists
d. liberal feminists
e. cultural feminists
Q:
The feminist approach to group counseling involves all of the following except:
a. support for the experience of being a woman.
b. political involvement.
c. providing members a place to reflect on their role in society.
d. empowerment.
e. an opportunity to experience and analyze multiple transferences.
Q:
Which of the following principles of feminist psychology is most aimed at advancing a transformation in society?
a. The person is political.
b. Commitment to social change.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
The feminist perspectives on the development of personality:
a. encompass the diversity and complexity of women's lives.
b. attend to the ways in which diversity influences self-structures.
c. recognize the inextricable connection between internal and external worlds.
d. acknowledge the political and social oppression of women.
e. all of these
Q:
The relational-cultural theory emphasizes the vital role:a. that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women.b. of a spiritual or religious perspective in providing women with strength.c. in understanding how early childhood is a crucial factor in a woman's personality development.d. that siblings play in the shaping of personality.
Q:
The constructs of feminist theory, in contrast to traditional theories, include all of the following except for which characteristic?
a. intrapsychic orientation
b. gender-fair stance
c. flexible-multicultural
d. life-span orientation
e. interactionist perspective
Q:
Which of these statements is not true about lesbian feminism?
a. In recent years, lesbian feminism has been enriched through interaction with queer theory.
b. Some individuals identify "lesbian feminism" with 1970s and 1980s movements.
c. Lesbian feminists share commonalities with many aspects of radical feminism.
d. Queer theory and lesbian theory are identical.
Q:
Of the following, which is one of the major contributions that feminists have made to the field of counseling?
a. a focus on dealing with family dynamics
b. a focus on exploring the unconscious factors contributing to current problems
c. paving the way for gender-sensitive practice
d. placing the therapeutic relationship at the core of the therapy process
e. assisting clients to increase awareness of here and now experiencing
Q:
A feminist therapist is likely to become an advocate for change in the social structure by arguing for:
a. the right to self-determination.
b. the freedom to pursue a career outside the home.
c. the right to an education.
d. equality in power in relationships.
e. all of these
Q:
Who is most noted for her contributions to the development of feminist therapy?
a. Miriam Polster
b. Laura Brown
c. Natalie Rogers
d. Laura Perls
e. Michele Weiner-Davis
Q:
Of the following, which is not an assumption shared by the cognitive behavioral and feminist therapy approaches?
a. viewing the therapeutic relationship as collaborative
b. assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change
c. helping clients to take charge of their own lives
d. commitment to demystifying therapy
e. providing information to clients about how the therapy process works
Q:
All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for:
a. cognitive restructuring.
b. encouraging clients to take social action.
c. being an advocate in challenging conventional attitudes about roles for women.
d. power analysis and intervention.
e. gender-role analysis and intervention.
Q:
Which of the following interventions involves a shift from "blaming the victim" to consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client's problem?
a. paradoxical intention
b. reframing
c. relabeling
d. gender-role analysis
Q:
The preferred alternative to traditional diagnosis and assessment of feminist therapists is:
a. power analysis.
b. gender role analysis.
c. lifestyle analysis.
d. analysis of transference and resistance.
Q:
All of the following are reasons many feminist therapists do not use diagnostic labels, or use them reluctantly, except that:
a. diagnostic labels reinforce gender role stereotypes.
b. diagnostic labels reflect the inappropriate application of power in the therapeutic relationship.
c. diagnostic labels focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior.
d. diagnostic labels encourage adjustment to the norms of the status quo.
Q:
Of the following, which intervention would a feminist therapist probably consider most essential?
a. challenging irrational beliefs
b. making use of the empty-chair technique
c. conducting a lifestyle analysis
d. social action
e. interpretation of resistance
Q:
After having a bad therapeutic experience with a mental health professional who pathologized her anxiety over financial issues, Lillian decided to consult with a feminist therapist. How is her new therapist likely to view her anxiety symptoms?
a. as a sign of distress rather than psychopathology
b. as an indication of deficits in her personality
c. as irrational beliefs
d. as a sign of unconscious conflicts that must be worked through
Q:
Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be least likely to explore?
a. messages received while growing up
b. critically evaluating social dictates and expectations
c. power and control
d. transference reactions toward their therapist
e. external forces influencing behavior
Q:
Although feminist therapy shares many of the premises of person-centered therapy, feminist therapy does not agree with the notion that:
a. the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change.
b. therapy is based on unconditional positive regard and acceptance.
c. the therapeutic relationship should be a non-hierarchical one.
d. therapy aims to empower clients to live according to their own values and to rely on an internal locus of control.
e. therapists should be genuine rather than hiding behind an expert role.
Q:
All of the following are goals of feminist therapy except for:
a. striving for gender equality.
b. confronting forms of institutional oppression.
c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood.
d. helping clients embrace their personal power.
e. freeing clients of gender role socialization.
Q:
Which of the following feminist principles implies that what has been typically viewed as individual clients' personal problems are really socially and politically caused?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
Which of the following feminist principles recognizes the importance of working against oppression and discrimination on the basis of race, class, culture, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, age, and disability?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
Which of the feminist principles views the therapist as simply another source of information, rather than as the expert in the therapy process?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
Stephanie, who believes strongly in feminist principles, is working in an agency that requires therapists to diagnose their clients using the DSM. Stephanie is likely to consider which of the following questions?
a. Does my client suffer from Axis I or Axis II psychopathology?
b. Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned?
c. If my client is diagnosed with a personality disorder, will the insurance company cover long-term treatment?
d. When is the next DSM being published? I can hardly wait. What a great read!
Q:
Feminist therapists, regardless of their philosophical orientation, believe all of the following except that:
a. gender is at the core of therapeutic practice.
b. human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations.
c. understanding a client's problems requires adopting a sociocultural perspective.
d. the client-therapist relationship should be an egalitarian one.
e. empowerment of the individual and societal changes are core goals of therapy.
Q:
What do the four feminist philosophies (liberal, cultural, radical, and socialist feminism) have in common?
a. the same view of the sources of oppression of women
b. the same methods of bringing about societal change
c. the same goal of activism
d. a basic agreement that the therapist is the expert
e. a basic agreement on the value of diagnosis in counseling
Q:
From the perspective of feminist therapy, the socialization of women inevitably affects their:
a. identity development.
b. self-concept.
c. goals and aspirations.
d. emotional well-being.
e. all of these
Q:
Feminist theorists consider depression a somewhat normative experience for women due to socio-political factors.
Q:
Feminist group work uses a structured approach and focuses on the use of techniques.
Q:
Historically, feminist psychotherapy groups were a vehicle for consciousness-raising.
Q:
Feminist therapy is a technically integrative approach that stresses tailoring interventions to meet clients with their strengths.
Q:
Empowerment is a central tenet of feminist psychotherapy.
Q:
While most feminist therapists believe that gender is always an important factor, they realize that ethnicity, sexual orientation, and class may be more important factors in certain situations for many women.
Q:
The beginnings of feminism can be traced to the late 1800s, but it is the women's movement of the 1960s that laid the foundation for the development of feminist therapy.
Q:
At the present time there is a unified feminist theory.
Q:
The contemporary version of feminist therapy and the multicultural and social justice approaches to counseling practice have a great deal in common.
Q:
Today's feminists believe that gender can be considered separately from other identity areas such as race, ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation.
Q:
In feminist therapy, adjustment rather than transcendence is a primary goal of therapy.
Q:
According to the relational-cultural model, a woman's sense of self depends largely on how she connects with others.
Q:
Feminist therapists emphasize that societal gender role expectations profoundly influence a person's identity from birth and become deeply engrained in adult personality.
Q:
Gendercentric theories propose two separate paths of development for women and men.
Q:
Heterosexism views a heterosexual orientation as normative and desirable, and devalues same-sex life styles.
Q:
An andocentric theory uses female-oriented constructs to draw conclusions about human nature.
Q:
Gender-free theories explain differences in the behavior of women and men on the basis of true natures, rather than on learning.
Q:
According to feminist therapists, an intrapsychic orientation tends to result in blaming the victim.
Q:
A feminist therapist generally does not expect the client to assume responsibility for making internal or external changes.
Q:
It is possible to incorporate the principle of feminist therapy with a multicultural perspective.