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Counseling
Q:
How might an existential therapist work with Stan's depression and suicidal thoughts?
a. by examining his faulty belief system
b. by confronting Stan with the issue of finding meaning and purpose in his life
c. by using active listening and reflection as Stan talks about his feelings
d. by determining the nature of his shadow
Q:
A therapist who asks Stan where his tension is located in his body and who encourages him to "be that feeling" is aligned theoretically with which model of therapy?
a. the feminist approach
b. the Gestalt approach
c. family systems therapy
d. cognitive therapy
e. brief psychodynamic therapy
Q:
Which therapeutic approach would focus on gender-role analysis and gender-role socialization with Stan?
a. strategic family therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. feminist therapy
d. existential therapy
e. narrative therapy
Q:
Which therapeutic approach is likely to use interventions with Stan such as pre-therapy change, exception questions, scaling questions, and the miracle question?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. rational emotive behavior therapy
c. existential therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. cognitive therapy
Q:
An Adlerian therapist would interpret Stan's depression as:
a. a sickness that needs to be cured.
b. discouragement that can be helped by encouragement.
c. a feeling that leads to his faulty thinking.
d. related to unfinished business.
e. internalized anger and guilt.
Q:
Which of the following would not be part of an Adlerian approach to working with Stan?
a. giving homework assignments
b. gathering data about his dreams
c. examining his private logic
d. exploring his family constellation
e. confronting the ways he is seeking to escape his freedom through drugs and alcohol
Q:
Which of the following is not true when viewing Stan's problems from the standpoint of self-psychology and the object-relations theory?
a. On some levels, he is stuck in the symbiotic phase.
b. The focus would be on Stan's developmental sequences.
c. He is unable to get confirmation of his worth from himself.
d. He had accomplished the task of individuation.
e. He is repeating patterns he formed with his mother during infancy.
Q:
How would a psychoanalytic therapist view Stan's drinking problem?
a. as a means of working though his Oedipal complex
b. as a personal power issue associated with early trauma experienced in the anal stage
c. as an oral fixation
d. as a result of the ego-defense mechanism of introjection
e. as a manifestation of his collective unconscious
Q:
What is the current thinking in the field regarding the role of spirituality in counseling?
a. There is growing evidence that spiritual practice promotes psychological well-being.
b. Counselors are encouraged to be cautious and engage in peripheral discussions about spirituality only.
c. There is little interest in integrating spiritual issues in counseling.
d. Counselors should take a directive approach in helping clients meet their spiritual needs.
e. Spirituality and counseling should be kept separate.
Q:
Regarding psychotherapy outcome, research shows:a. the behavioral approaches are more effective than the humanistic approaches.b. there are clear factors that predict which models of therapy work best for particular types of clients.c. the therapeutic relationship is not a major contributor to therapeutic change.d. no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.
Q:
In deciding which interventions will be most helpful for the client, the counselor practicing in an integrative manner must:a. consider the client's cultural context.b. consider the approach that relates most consistently to the client's world view.c. be willing to accept feedback from clients.d. consider the client's personality and motivation for change.e. all of these
Q:
The common factors approach to psychotherapy integration:
a. searches for shared elements across different theoretical systems.
b. supports the notion of remaining theoretically consistent and technically eclectic.
c. synthesizes important aspects of two or more theories.
d. emphasizes the importance of spirituality in counseling.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about technical eclecticism ?a. It enables counselors to be creative with their treatments.b. It is aimed at finding the best intervention for a specific client's problem.c. It enables counselors to use a variety of techniques without the dangers of combining contradictory theoretical models.d. It is inappropriate for diverse client populations.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to integration refers to a conceptual creation beyond a mere blending of techniques?
a. technical eclecticism
b. common factors approach
c. theoretical integration
d. assimilative integration
Q:
A major difference between an eclectic and an integrated approach to counseling is:a. eclectic approaches are dogmatic and an integrated approach is flexible.b. eclectic approaches are susceptible to syncretism, while integrated approaches combine techniques based on theoretical reasons.c. eclectic approaches do not have the client's best interest at heart.d. integrated approaches require little forethought.
Q:
Historically, counselors have been:
a. resistant to developing an integrated model of psychotherapy.
b. at war regarding the issues of the "best" methods of treatment.
c. quick to discount contributions of a competing theoretical model.
d. all of these
Q:
A limitation of behavior therapy is that it:
a. does not provide a basis for accountable practice.
b. does not identify specific problems.
c. does not make room for cognitive factors.
d. fails to explicitly define the role of the therapist.
e. none of these.
Q:
A limitation of Gestalt therapy is that it:
a. does not allow for full expression of feelings.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. completely ignores the past.
d. offers few techniques.
e. may neglect cognitive factors.
Q:
A limitation of existential therapy is its:
a. emphasis on the therapist as an expert.
b. adherence to the medical model.
c. limited applicability to nonverbal clients.
d. use of simplistic concepts.
e. neglect of feelings.
Q:
A limitation of person-centered therapy is:
a. the possible danger of the therapist remaining passive and inactive.
b. the emphasis on complex ideas and concepts.
c. the lack of research to support the theory.
d. neglect of the value of the therapeutic relationship.
e. the overemphasis on unconscious factors.
Q:
A limitation of reality therapy is that it:
a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. does not appeal to resistant clients.
d. has limited applicability.
e. goes along with the medical model of therapy.
Q:
A limitation of psychoanalytic therapy is that:
a. it requires lengthy training for therapists.
b. it is expensive for clients.
c. the model stresses biological and instinctual factors to the neglect of social, cultural, and interpersonal ones.
d. many clients lack the degree of ego strength needed for regressive and reconstructive therapy.
e. all of these.
Q:
The negative impact of discrimination and oppression for both men and women has surfaced as a result of:
a. rational emotive behavior therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. family systems therapy.
d. feminist therapy.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is noted for using numerous cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques?
a. person-centered therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on:
a. unconscious motivations.
b. empirical validation.
c. unleashing buried feelings.
d. precision.
e. social and psychological factors.
Q:
Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and emphasizes the role of choice?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. family systems therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches challenges social and cultural injustices that lead to oppression of certain groups?
a. family systems therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. reality therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and evaluation?
a. behavior therapy
b. existential therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. reality therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its:
a. subjective approach.
b. reliance on research for validation.
c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning.
d. emphasis on an I/Thou relationship.
e. emphasis on the disputation of irrational beliefs.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is best suited for helping people to create an alternative life story?
a. narrative therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
Existential therapy can be especially helpful for:
a. individuals with phobic disorders.
b. children with behavior disorders.
c. patients in a mental hospital.
d. couples needing sex therapy.
e. individuals facing a transition in life.
Q:
Which of the following approaches is least likely to be applied to short-term crisis intervention?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. cognitive-behavior therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is based on the A-B-C theory of personality?
a. reality therapy
b. rational emotive behavior therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. solution-focused brief therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
Q:
Which of the following therapies is most recommended for the treatment of phobic disorders?
a. behavior therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. existential therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. solution-focused brief therapy
Q:
Narrative therapy can be applied to:
a. eating disorders.
b. depression.
c relationship concerns.
d. all of these.
Q:
In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is:
a. "The Question."
b. re-authoring one's life story.
c. value judgments.
d. interpretation.
e. solution talk as opposed to problem talk.
Q:
In feminist therapy, the following technique(s) is/are used to help clients recognize the impact of gender-role socialization:
a. free association
b. unbalancing
c. scaling questions
d. consciousness-raising
e. the miracle question
Q:
The technique of reliving and reexperiencing unfinished business is associated with:
a. Gestalt therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. existential therapy.
d. reality therapy.
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses the attitude of the therapist over the use of techniques?
a. person-centered therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. cognitive-behavior therapy
d. behavior therapy
Q:
One of the techniques used by behavior therapists in dealing with a client's anxiety is:
a. the miracle question.
b. encouragement.
c. externalizing the problem.
d. systematic desensitization.
e. shame-attacking exercises.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses authenticity first and technique second?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. existential therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. family systems therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
A key technique of Adlerian therapy is:
a. free association
b. dialogue with polarities.
c. family sculpting.
d. changing one's language.
e. the assessment of one's family constellation.
Q:
In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and directive, functioning as a trainer for the client?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
An Adlerian therapist would:
a. maintain an aloof stance.
b. establish a cooperative relationship based on equality.
c. take the role of expert.
d. take the role of a friendly parent.
e. avoid sharing personal reactions.
Q:
Which of the following approaches encourages therapists to accurately grasp the client's "being in the world"?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
In which therapy approach is the client viewed as the expert on his or her own life, while the therapist is seen as an expert questioner who assists clients in freeing themselves of their problem-saturated stories and create new life-affirming stories?
a. existential therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
In which of the following approaches does the therapist show concern for the client by a process of involvement throughout the course of therapy?
a. reality therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. family systems therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:
a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client.
b. should display genuineness and warmth.
c. remains anonymous.
d. is a teacher.
e. refuses to give up on the client.
Q:
Empowerment and egalitarianism are the basis of the ________ therapeutic relationship.
a. existential
b. feminist
c. Gestalt
d. psychoanalytic
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the scientific method?
a. person-centered therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. reality therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
One of the major goals of reality therapy involves:
a. reconstructing the basic personality.
b. identifying factors that block freedom.
c. encouraging clients to be willing to be a process.
d. challenging clients to evaluate what they are doing.
e. learning to express feelings.
Q:
Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening to them?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. existential therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
One of the goals of rational emotive behavior therapy is to:
a. assist clients in acquiring a more tolerant and rational view of life.
b. make the unconscious conscious.
c. provide opportunities for reliving early traumas.
d. assist clients in gaining awareness of moment-to-moment experiencing.
e. help clients become aware of their family constellation.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client's self-exploration?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. reality therapy
d. family therapy
e. person-centered therapy
Q:
Which approach offers encouragement so individuals can develop socially useful goals and increase social interest?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
Which is not a key concept of feminist therapy?
a. the personal is political
b. the counseling relationship is egalitarian
c. commitment to confronting oppression
d. women's problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective
e. the personal and social and interrelated
Q:
Which of the following approaches most emphasizes principles of learning?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. family systems therapy
e. solution-focused brief therapy
Q:
Person-centered therapy puts faith in the client's:
a. ability to uncover repressed experiences.
b. ability to integrate their polarities.
c. capacity for recognizing how birth order affects their choices.
d. capacity for self-direction.
e. ability to change their belief system.
Q:
Which of the following therapies emphasizes that a person's belief system is the cause of emotional problems?
a. solution-focused brief therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. acceptance and commitment therapy
e. rational emotive behavior therapy
Q:
A key concept of Gestalt therapy is:
a. externalizing conversations.
b. unfinished business.
c. belief systems.
d. family of origin issues.
e. importance of the past.
Q:
Which of the following approaches would contend that normal personality development depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development?
a. narrative therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
Q:
Adlerian therapy emphasizes the individual's:
a. positive capacities to live in society cooperatively.
b. quality world.
c. irrational, crooked thinking.
d. polarities.
Q:
Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy?
a. Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of development.
b. Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free concepts of feminist therapy.
c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span oriented.
d. Feminist therapy encourages the use of the DSM to assess psychopathology.
Q:
Which of the following orientations avoids exploring problems, and instead, focuses on creating solutions in the present and the future?
a. Freud's psychoanalytic approach
b. family therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths?a. behavior therapyb. postmodern approachesc. rational emotive behavior therapyd. Gestalt therapye. reality therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the unique style of life we create at an early age?
a. family systems therapy
b. reality therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches contends that the nature of the human condition includes self-awareness, freedom of choice, responsibility, and anxiety as basic elements?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. existential therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. reality therapy
Q:
According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are:
a. motivated by social interest.
b. determined by psychic energy and early experiences.
c. inclined toward becoming fully functioning.
d. free to choose who they will become.
Q:
The main focus of family therapy is on past interactions and past conflicts as the best way to understand the dynamics of the family system.
Q:
Because an individual is connected to a living system, change in one part of that system will result in change in the other parts.
Q:
Clo Madanes developed conjoint family therapy.
Q:
Within the field of family therapy, Virginia Satir has been the most influential leader in the development of both gender and cultural perspectives and frameworks in family practice.
Q:
Strategic therapists emphasize the value of therapist interpretation, exploring unresolved issues from the past, and insight.
Q:
Joining, accommodation, and boundary making are techniques likely to be used by structural family therapists.
Q:
In experiential therapy, techniques are secondary to the relationship that the therapist is able to establish with the family.
Q:
In Whitaker's experiential therapy, there is a greater focus on exploring past experiences than on here-and-now interaction between the family and the therapist.
Q:
According to Haley, who the therapist is as a person is far more important than specific intervention techniques.
Q:
Given the complexity of the multilayered approach to family therapy, the therapist must adopt the role of "expert."
Q:
Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.
Q:
There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice.