Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following notions do the feminist, postmodern, and person-centered approaches share in common? a. the belief that the client is the expert on his or her life b. the importance of interpretation of dreams c. their stance on diagnosis d. both (a) and (c) e. all of the above

Q: Which of the following approaches does not place emphasis on homework outside of therapy sessions? a. cognitive behavioral therapy b. behavior therapy c. reality therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy e. both (b) and (c)

Q: Which of the following is not a key concept of Adlerian therapy? a. family constellation b. operant conditioning c. social interest d. triangulation e. both (b) and (d)

Q: Rational emotive behavior therapy shares an interest in working with faulty beliefs with what other therapy approach? a. person-centered therapy b. existential therapy c. reality therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. Gestalt therapy

Q: Which of the following is a recent trend in behavior therapy? a. decreased attention to the therapeutic relationship b. incorporation of mindfulness approaches and techniques c. decreasing emphasis on specificity of goals d. incorporation of dream work into treatments e. both (c) and (d)

Q: Which of the following is not a technique of the Gestalt approach? a. the rehearsal exercise b. the figure formation process c. the empty chair technique d. staying with the feeling e. the exaggeration exercise

Q: Person-centered therapy is: a. an approach that has been researched extensively. b. an experiential therapy. c. a therapy that focuses on the subjective world of a client. d. an approach to developing understanding of people. e. all of the above.

Q: Which of the following is not associated with behavior therapy? a. applied behavior analysis b. total behavior c. relaxation training d. extinction e. flooding

Q: A central goal of Motivational Interviewing is to: a. access unconscious material in order to bring it into consciousness and work through it. b. increase internal motivation to change based on the personal goals and values of clients. c. increase extrinsic motivation. d. increase social interest. e. create a new narrative for clients that builds their self-esteem.

Q: ___________________ is rooted in a person-centered philosophy, but it is integrative in that it synthesizes aspects of Gestalt therapy and existential therapy. a. Emotion-focused therapy b. Acceptance and commitment therapy c. The A-B-C model d. Multimodal therapy e. Stress inoculation training

Q: In dialectical behavior therapy, clients are encouraged to: a. develop mindfulness skills. b. explore early painful childhood experiences. c. change their behaviors. d. develop emotion regulation. e. all of the above

Q: Looking at the client from a subjective (rather than an objective) viewpoint is stressed in which therapy approach(es)? a. narrative b. existential c. person-centered d. Adlerian e. all of the above

Q: What type of therapist is most likely to take a 5 to 10 minute break toward the end of each session to formulate feedback for the client? a. solution-focused therapy b. family systems therapy c. narrative therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. psychodynamic therapy

Q: In this approach to therapy, clients are assisted to identify, experience, accept, explore, transform, and manage their emotions. a. emotion-focused therapy b. motivational interviewing c. dialectical behavior therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. reality therapy

Q: Erik Erikson based his theory on: a. the role of spirituality in the development of the personality. b. critical tasks associated with each stage of development. c. principles of learning theory. d. birth order and the family constellation.

Q: Which theorist stressed the view that universal feelings of inferiority and a striving for power are basic components of personality development? a. Carl Rogers b. Alfred Adler c. Albert Ellis d. Aaron Beck e. Salvador Minuchin

Q: This approach to psychotherapy stresses choice theory. a. REBT b. reality therapy c. behavior therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. Gestalt therapy

Q: Logotherapy is a branch of this approach. a. cognitive behavior therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. behavior therapy d. existential therapy e. family systems therapy

Q: This approach places emphasis on freedom and responsibility, anxiety, death, confronting one's ultimate aloneness, and searching for meaning in life. a. Adlerian therapy b. reality therapy c. existential therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. cognitive behavior therapy

Q: This approach does not involve a phenomenological orientation. a. Adlerian therapy b. reality therapy c. existential therapy d. person-centered therapy e. all of the above involve a phenomenological orientation.

Q: This approach places emphasis on triangulation in close relationships. a. feminist therapy b. family systems therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. narrative therapy e. solution-focused brief therapy.

Q: This approach has its theoretical foundations rooted in philosophy. a. person-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. existential therapy e. narrative therapy

Q: This model stresses the concept that basic inferiority feelings are normal and help us to strive for superiority. a. reality therapy b. cognitive-behavior therapy c. existential therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. person-centered therapy

Q: The founder of this approach referred to dreams as the "royal road to integration." a. psychoanalytic therapy b. dialectical behavior therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. emotion-focused therapy

Q: This approach aims to evoke intense emotional experiences in the moment. a. Adlerian therapy b. REBT c. reality therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. behavior therapy

Q: This approach elicits behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve their ambivalence and increase their intrinsic motivation. a. mindfulness b. motivational interviewing c. Gestalt therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy e. solution-focused therapy

Q: This approach begins with a comprehensive lifestyle assessment, and stresses the family constellation. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. existential therapy c. Adlerian therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. narrative therapy

Q: This approach emphasizes anxiety as a catalyst for living authentically. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. existential therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. behavior therapy e. family systems therapy

Q: The ego-defense mechanisms operate as a way of coping with anxiety. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. person-centered therapy c. REBT d. reality therapy e. both (c) and (d)

Q: Exploration of creativity and artistic self-expression represent new developments in this approach. a. family systems therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. behavior therapy d. person-centered therapy e. Adlerian therapy

Q: Concepts of political action and social justice are stressed in this approach. a. Gestalt therapy b. person-centered therapy c. family systems therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. feminist therapy

Q: Unconscious motivation for client resistance is a central focus of this approach. a. behavior therapy b. psychoanalytic therapy c. Adlerian therapy d. feminist therapy e. reality therapy

Q: This approach is regarded as part of the "third wave" of behavior therapy. a. dialectical behavior therapy b. mindfulness-based stress reduction c. mindfulness-based cognitive therapy d. acceptance and commitment therapy e. all of the above

Q: Diagnosis is not considered essential for therapeutic change. a. feminist therapy b. solution-focused therapy c. narrative therapy d. person-centered therapy e. all of the above

Q: Diagnosis and assessment are considered important in therapy. a. behavior therapy b. feminist therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. person-centered therapy e. both (b) and (c)

Q: Insight can be helpful but is not considered essential for therapeutic change to occur. a. reality therapy b. behavior therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. existential therapy e. both (a) and (b)

Q: The concept that "unfinished business" from our past gets in the way of our current functioning is central to this approach. a. cognitive-behavioral therapy b. person-centered therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. existential therapy e. Adlerian therapy

Q: This approach suggests that understanding the client's problem is not essential in solving it. a. cognitive-behavior therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. person-centered therapy d. behavior therapy e. solution-focused brief therapy

Q: This approach has been successfully applied to encounter groups, school settings, and political movements. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. REBT c. behavior therapy d. person-centered therapy e. existential therapy

Q: This model of therapy has strong empirical support for the effective treatment of phobias. a. behavior therapy b. Gestalt therapy. c. psychoanalytic therapy. d. person-centered therapy. e. family systems therapy.

Q: Skillful use of questioning is central to this model of brief therapy. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. solution-focused therapy c. person-centered therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. existential therapy

Q: This theory places central importance on encouragement and community feeling. a. reality therapy b. family systems therapy c. narrative therapy d. person-centered therapy e. Adlerian therapy

Q: This approach suggests that mindfulness-based techniques are useful in stress reduction. a. reality therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. family therapy d. behavior therapy e. psychoanalytic therapy

Q: This sociocultural therapeutic movement stresses an egalitarian therapeutic relationship and views the client as an expert on his or her own life. a. Adlerian therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. cognitive behavior therapy d. existential therapy e. feminist therapy

Q: A goal of this approach is eliminating maladaptive behavior patterns through employing techniques of acceptance and commitment to change. a. Gestalt therapy b. person-centered therapy c. behavior therapy d. existential therapy e. psychoanalytic therapy

Q: Clients are viewed from a systemic perspective. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. family therapy d. cognitive behavior therapy e. person-centered therapy

Q: This model stresses self-evaluation of behavior, personal responsibility, total behavior, and commitment to change. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. person-centered therapy c. family therapy d. existential therapy e. reality therapy

Q: The focus of this approach is on overt behavior, precision in specifying treatment goals, developing specific treatment plans, and assessing results. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. person-centered therapy d. existential therapy e. Gestalt therapy

Q: This approach emphasizes personal responsibility, unfinished business, avoidance, direct experiencing in the here-and-now, and awareness. a. cognitive behavior therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. social constructionism d. Gestalt therapy e. behavior therapy

Q: This is an application of existential therapy to family systems. a. symbolic-experiential family therapy b. multigenerational family therapy c. structural-strategic family therapy d. human validation process model e. Adlerian family therapy

Q: Faulty personality development results from inadequate resolution of some specific stage of psychosexual development. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. person-centered therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. existential therapy e. Adlerian therapy

Q: People experience feelings of anxiety and despair due largely to their irrational thinking. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. cognitive-behavior therapy d. reality therapy e. family systems therapy

Q: Behavior is determined by unconscious forces, early experiences, and by sexual and aggressive impulses. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. REBT d. reality therapy e. narrative therapy

Q: Stan is a man who is quite concerned about what others think of him. He worries that his peers and family members think he's a "loser". What type of therapist would have Stan participate in shame-attacking exercises to conquer his fear of negative evaluation of others? a. Gestalt therapist b. behavior therapist c. rational emotive behavior therapist d. reality therapist e. family systems therapist

Q: Which type of therapist would view Stan's multiple concerns as the result of the choices he has made in his life? a. Gestalt therapist b. reality therapist c. feminist therapist d. psychoanalytic therapist e. person-centered therapist

Q: A counselor using an integrative approach to working with Stan would be most concerned with:a. holding Stan accountable for his problems.b. conducting a comprehensive assessment as a basis for determining which techniques to use with Stan.c. finding a theoretical model that best explains Stan's condition.d. understanding Stan from multiple perspectives and developing a thoughtful and flexible treatment plan tailored to his unique characteristics.

Q: In working with Stan, a solution-focused therapist would most likely utilize the following technique: a. bibliotherapy b. assertiveness training c. cognitive restructuring d. exception questions e. the empty chair

Q: Using a narrative approach to Stan's therapy, one would have the general goal of: a. exploring the causes of his current problems with women. b. assisting Stan in the process of reauthoring his life story. c. uncovering Stan's basic mistakes in his thinking. d. focusing on eliminating the presenting problem and finding solutions. e. attempting to restructure the family dynamics.

Q: Which of the following therapists would accept Stan's drinking as the problem and assist him in deconstructing his alcohol-saturated story and reauthoring a new life story? a. A solution-oriented therapist b. A reality therapist c. A person-centered therapist d. A narrative therapist e. A rational emotive behavior therapist

Q: Stan acquired his beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applied them inappropriately and broadly in many contexts of his life. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling e. polarized thinking

Q: In suggesting that Stan write his father a letter as a homework assignment, Jerry's intent was: a. to provide an avenue for Stan to continue thinking about the impact his father has had on him and to further promote his work during the week. b. for Stan to mail the letter and prepare to confront his father in person. c. to help Stan understand how much he still needs his father. d. to give Stan the opportunity to show his father what a great writer he is, which would hopefully boost Stan's confidence.

Q: Stan makes conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence. He often engages in catastrophizing, which involves thinking about the worst possible scenario and outcome for a given situation. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling e. polarized thinking

Q: Stan frequently engages in thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms. Through this process of dichotomous thinking, Stan has self-defeating labels and boxes that keep him restricted. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling e. polarized thinking

Q: Stan has a tendency to relate external events to himself, even when there is no basis for making these connections. He blamed himself for the incident in which a female classmate did not show up for a lunch date. He agonized over this and convinced himself that she would have been humiliated to be seen in his presence. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling

Q: Stan has completed his experience in counseling. Which of the following approaches would be most concerned with evaluating the outcomes of therapy? a. existential therapy b. behavior therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. rational emotive behavior therapy e. the postmodern therapies

Q: Which of the following therapeutic approaches would place some emphasis on helping Stan with the future? a. narrative therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. reality therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. all of these

Q: Stan's reality therapist would do all of the following except: a. explore Stan's quality world. b. ask him to engage in the process of self-evaluation of his behavior. c. use the WDEP system. d. use the A-B-C Model. e. help him to develop a plan.

Q: Stan's reality therapist would focus on all of the following except: a. Stan's positive experiences with his camp supervisor. b. Stan's negative experiences during his childhood. c. Stan's wants and perceptions. d. Stan's future goals. e. Stan's evaluation pertaining to his drinking.

Q: According to a rational emotive behavior therapist, what will not bring about actual changes in Stan's life? a. doing the hard work of challenging and changing irrational beliefs b. recognizing ways his faulty beliefs affect what he does and how he feels c. understanding the A-B-C theory d. acknowledging the "shoulds" and "oughts" he has accepted e. waiting for Stan to get in touch with his shadow

Q: What would a rational emotive behavior therapist be least likely to say about Stan's difficulties in life? a. He will feel better if he learns to think more rationally. b. He continually reindoctrinates himself with self-defeating sentences. c. He will feel better when he simply gains insight into the past roots of his problems. d. All of Stan's "oughts, should, and musts" are getting in his way and need to be disputed.

Q: What technique(s) from behavior therapy might help Stan with his fear of women? a. systematic desensitization b. assertion training c. modeling d. social skills training e. all of these

Q: Which of the following therapists would focus on systemic issues with Stan? a. A family therapist b. A Gestalt therapist c. A psychoanalyst d. A person-centered therapist e. A solution-focused therapist

Q: Which one of the following approaches to therapy would pay the least attention to Stan's thought processes? a. rational emotive behavior therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. reality therapy e. cognitive-behavioral therapies

Q: The Gestalt approach to helping Stan resolve issues from his past would involve: a. asking him to bring these significant people to future therapy sessions. b. talking in detail about past experiences. c. interpreting his dreams by using universal symbolism. d. reliving and reexperiencing painful scenes. e. examining Stan's stages of development for fixations.

Q: Which of the following Gestalt techniques would help Stan deal with his unfinished business concerning his ex-wife? a. having him "speak" to her in the present b. "staying with the feeling" c. the rehearsal experiment d. all of these

Q: Which therapeutic approach would work to help Stan recognize, claim, and embrace his personal power? a. narrative therapy b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. reality therapy d. feminist therapy e. existential therapy

Q: Which therapeutic approach would place the least emphasis on having Stan explore his feelings about his ex-wife? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. person-centered therapy

Q: According to a person-centered therapist, the most important aspect of therapy with Stan will be: a. the therapeutic relationship. b. the exploration of his past. c. putting insights into action. d. teaching him to think in new, positive ways. e. conducting a power analysis.

Q: Stan's person-centered therapist would see him as a man who: a. needs help in setting goals. b. has unresolved issues from his past. c. must face the fact that he is ultimately alone. d. needs to learn to live with his anxiety. e. possesses the necessary resources for personal growth.

Q: The therapy approach most likely to focus directly on helping Stan to stop using alcohol and drugs would be: a. person-centered therapy. b. Gestalt therapy. c. behavior therapy. d. existential therapy. e. psychoanalytic therapy.