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Counseling
Q:
What are spree murders sometimes called?
a. cluster killings
b. group killings
c. fun killings
d. flash murders
Q:
Cognitive behavior therapy may be difficult for diverse clients because:
a. it overemphasizes emotional connectedness and collectivism.
b. it lacks empirical support.
c. it fails to account for environmental factors such as cultural differences in behavior.
d. there is the possibility that a culturally appropriate schema could be interpreted as irrational by the therapist.
e. none of the above
Q:
The person who has specialized in cognitive therapy with depression is:
a. A. T. Beck.
b. Donald Meichenbaum.
c. Arnold Lazarus.
d. Albert Bandura.
e. none of the above
Q:
Holmes and Holmes, in their mass murderer classifications, would place Mark Barton in which category?
a. murderer for profit
b. murderer for sex
c. family slayer or annihilator
d. disciple-type killer
Q:
In some mass killings an offender begins killing in one location, then moves to another location to continue. What is this phenomenon called?
a. bifurcation
b. bilocation
c. bicyclation
d. bilaterality
Q:
Stress-inoculation training is associated with:
a. Aaron Beck.
b. Donald Meichenbaum.
c. Arnold Lazarus.
d. Albert Ellis.
e. Francine Shapiro
Q:
According to the FBI, what is killing four or more persons at one time considered to be?
a. blanket homicide
b. spree murder
c. mass murder
d. serial murder
Q:
Which of the following is not a key element of the process of in vivo exposure?
a. a functional analysis of objects or situations a person avoids or fears
b. the generation of a hierarchy of situations for the client to encounter
c. a brief, graduated series of exposures to feared events
d. a lifestyle assessment
Q:
Multimodal therapy stresses:
a. relying exclusively on learning theory.
b. limiting practice to a few specific techniques.
c. adherence to an existential framework for practice.
d. technical eclecticism.
e. the role of the therapist's values in therapeutic outcomes.
Q:
With the exception of those who murder their families, mass murderers appear to _____.
a. plan their attack like serial murderers
b. give little thought or concern to capture or death
c. commit their crimes in private places
d. plan a detailed escape route
Q:
According to Holmes and Holmes, a person who plans an escape route following the killing aftermath falls into which mass murderer classification?
a. ideological mass murderer
b. disciple-type killer
c. psychotic killer
d. set-and-run killer
Q:
Women are _____ than men to commit mass murder.
a. more likely
b. just as likely
c. less likely
d. Women never commit mass murder.
Q:
Which of the following is not a part of dialectical behavior therapy?
a. the basic ID
b. exploration of early childhood traumas
c. mindfulness
d. group therapy
Q:
Which of the following is not a behavioral technique?
a. coaching
b. acceptance
c. analysis of transference
d. stress-management training
e. systematic desensitization
Q:
When combining all mass murders, mini-mass murders, and attempted mass murders, the incidences of such murders remains _____.
a. very high.
b. very low.
c. consistently stable.
d. a mystery to explain.
Q:
For people who experience difficulty in expressing what they think and feel, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate?
a. relaxation training
b. assertion training
c. operant conditioning
d. systematic desensitization
Q:
Of the following, what would the Gestalt therapist be most likely to pay attention to in a therapy session?
a. thought patterns
b. nonverbal cues
c. contact and resistance to contact
d. evidences of irrational thinking and faulty assumptions
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
Females who were murdered by someone they knew accounted for _____ percent of female homicides.
a. 42.7
b. 68.3
c. 12.1
d. 98
Q:
The defense(s) that is (are) considered the major channel of resistance is (are):
a. introjection.
b. projection.
c. retroflection.
d. sublimation.
e. all but (d)
Q:
Homicide offenders are mostly _____.
a. male
b. female
c. each sex equally
d. The sex of homicide offenders is not recorded.
Q:
If a client were to indicate an interest in exploring some traumatic childhood experience, the Gestalt therapist would most likely ask the client to:
a. look at the beliefs leading to certain feelings.
b. tell a story about this past experience.
c. set up specific goals aimed at behavior change.
d. relive the experience as though it were taking place now.
Q:
In 2012, males accounted for _____of all murder victims.
a. Only 5 percent
b. 25 percent
c. Over half
d. Over 77 percent
Q:
The Gestalt approach is a form of which general orientation to therapy?
a. existential
b. cognitive
c. behavioral
d. social-learning
Q:
According to Haggerty, which precondition for serial murder does not have its roots in modernity?
a. mass media and the rise of celebrity status
b. a society in which everyone knows everyone else
c. a society void of value considerations that encourages extreme rationalization
d. opportunity structures that afford serial killers more access to certain victims such as females who now often work outside their homes victims such as females who now often work outside their homes
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a fact surrounding serial killers?
a. Some victims are poisoned or shot.
b. Most killers are of average intelligence.
c. They have high mobility in the United States.
d. Most offenders remain in a local area.
Q:
All of the following are a part of Gestalt therapy except:
a. unfinished business.
b. striving for superiority.
c. energy and blocks to energy.
d. avoidance.
Q:
Which of the statements below about Motivational Interviewing is accurate?
a. MI works by activating clients' own motivation for change and adherence to treatment.
b. Practitioners using Motivational Interviewing must develop the ability to confront their clients regularly when they encounter resistance.
c. The therapeutic relationship is not regarded as important in achieving successful outcomes.
d. Responsibility for change rests with the counselor.
e. None of the above.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a myth surrounding serial killers?
a. One in five U.S. serial killers is black.
b. They are all male.
c. They are all insane.
d. They are all lust killers.
Q:
Which of the following offenders has been identified as a serial killer?
a. Richard Speck
b. James Huberty
c. Charles Whitman
d. Jerry Brudos
Q:
Rogers describes people as having which characteristic(s) as they move toward self-actualization?
a. openness to experience
b. internal sources of evaluation
c. capacity to challenge transference relationship
d. ability to undermine irrational thought patterns
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
In his novel, American Psycho, Ellis did NOT explore which of the following?
a. psychopathy
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. narcissism
d. sadism
Q:
Person-centered therapists contend that change cannot occur without:
a. a behavior plan.
b. a growth promoting climate.
c. catharsis.
d. discussion of the client's dreams.
e. understanding the client's family constellation.
Q:
Stereotypes of serial murderers that have formed in the minds of American society include:
a. the murderer is ruthless.
b. the murderer is blood-thirsty.
c. the murderer lives a Jekyll-and-Hyde existence.
d. all of the above
Q:
One of the confounding myths of serial murder is that they are all, by definition _____.
a. violent.
b. committed by killers who report prior criminality and incarcerations.
c. cases of sane individuals who commit atrocities on society.
d. sexual.
Q:
According to Maslow, the core characteristics of self-actualizing people include all of the following except:
a. self-awareness
b. freedom
c. basic honesty and caring
d. trust and autonomy
e. dichotomies within oneself
Q:
The most important variable related to therapeutic progress is:
a. the therapist's skills.
b. the client/therapist relationship.
c. objective assessment and diagnosis.
d. the client's willingness to participate in exercises.
Q:
Which of the following is not an existential key concept?
a. capacity for self-awareness
b. exploring the client's quality world
c. freedom and responsibility
d. search for meaning
e. authenticity
Q:
From an existential perspective, anxiety is viewed as:
a. the result of negative self-talk.
b. the result of internalized introjects.
c. the conflict between the id and the superego.
d. part and parcel of human existence.
e. the result of ineffective planning.
Q:
Within this approach, therapy is viewed as:
a. a form of operant conditioning.
b. a shared journey between therapist and client.
c. a process of exploring unconscious dynamics.
d. a process of exploring the system one lives in.
e. an intellectual and emotional debate aimed at changing one's irrational beliefs.
Q:
Which term or phrase is least likely to be used by an existential therapist?
a. restricted existence
b. personal responsibility
c. systematic desensitization
d. anxiety
e. nonbeing
Q:
Adler used the term or phrase _______________ to account for our striving toward superiority or perfection.
a. perfectionism
b. guiding self-ideal
c. narcissism
d. neurotic striving
e. the Napoleon Syndrome
Q:
Adlerians would be least likely to use which of the following techniques?
a. advice
b. paradoxical intention
c. empty-chair
d. lifestyle assessment
e. early recollections
Q:
All of the following are key concepts of this approach except for:
a. fictional finalism.
b. Gemeinschaftscefuhl.
c. striving for significance and superiority.
d. quality world.
e. social interest.
Q:
Another term for Adlerian therapy is:
a. the psychosocial approach.
b. control theory.
c. humanistic psychology.
d. individual psychology.
Q:
The concept of "private logic" refers to:
a. the person's search for meaning in life.
b. concepts about self, others, and life that constitute the philosophy on which one's lifestyle is based.
c. irrational ideas that lead to emotional upsets.
d. catastrophic expectations that lead to anxiety.
Q:
According to the psychoanalytic perspective:
a. people are motivated by social interest.
b. people have a tendency to adopt irrational modes of thinking.
c. people are determined by early childhood experiences.
d. people define themselves by the choices they make.
e. people strive to discover meaning in life.
Q:
Which of the following structures of personality houses our childish impulses?
a. the id
b. the ego
c. the superego
d. the collective unconscious
e. the libido
Q:
Self psychology and object-relations theory stress:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the differentiation between and integration of the self and others.
c. the importance of the family constellation and early memories.
d. the striving for superiority based on inferiority feelings.
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
Who is not associated with the object-relations approach?
a. Heinz Kohut
b. Otto Kernberg
c. Erik Erikson
d. Margaret Mahler
e. Anna Freud
Q:
In psychoanalytic therapy, dream analysis:
a. reveals a client's unconscious wishes, needs, and fears.
b. gives insight into some areas of unresolved problems.
c. often involves free association.
d. all of the above
e. all but (c)
Q:
A contribution of object-relations theory is that:
a. it provides an extension of psychoanalytic concepts.
b. it offers a new perspective on human development.
c. it provides ways of working with certain character disorders.
d. it shows how earlier experiences with significant others are important in terms of present relationships.
e. all of the above
Q:
A contribution of the Adlerian approach is:
a. Adler's influence on most of the other therapy systems.
b. the concept of redecision therapy.
c. its methods of analysis of transference.
d. its techniques which help clients relive past emotional events in the here-and-now.
Q:
A limitation of Adlerian therapy is that:
a. it does not deal adequately with intrapersonal factors.
b. it does not take into account family patterns.
c. it underemphasizes social factors in personality.
d. it has not been extensively subjected to research.
Q:
A limitation of reality therapy is:
a. that it does not adequately address unconscious factors.
b. the focus on a client's problems, not strengths.
c. the many lofty and abstract concepts.
d. that it ignores behavior change by overstressing attitude change.
e. that it requires lengthy professional training to use many of the concepts in practice.
Q:
A limitation of rational emotive behavior therapy is:
a. it is not a confrontational approach.
b. the danger of it being an overly intellectual approach that could explain away feelings.
c. the extreme focus on experiencing feelings to the exclusion of recognizing cognitive factors.
d. it does not consider exploring transference as worthwhile.
e. both (b) and (d)
Q:
A limitation of behavior therapy is:
a. the overemphasis on insight.
b. the results of therapy cannot be objectively assessed.
c. the treatment goals are too broad.
d. the directive approach may overwhelm clients from collectivistic cultures.
e. the necessity for long-term therapy to effect any change.
Q:
A limitation of the postmodern approaches is that:
a. they are deterministic.
b. they cannot be applied with a wide range of clients.
c. they do not generate many techniques.
d. they rely too heavily on the therapist as expert.
e. inexperienced clinicians may use the techniques in a mechanistic fashion.
Q:
A limitation of the person-centered approach is that:
a. it discounts the value of the therapeutic relationship.
b. it focuses too much on the past.
c. it requires a lengthy period of time.
d. some practitioners give support to their clients without challenging them.
e. it lacks support from research.
Q:
A limitation of the existential approach is:
a. few techniques are generated from this approach.
b. it is a deterministic theory.
c. it does not give the client enough responsibility for the therapy process.
d. the systematic description of past influences and how these are significant in current behavior.
e. none of the above
Q:
A limitation of psychoanalysis is that:
a. few techniques are generated by this approach.
b. it minimizes the client's ability to choose their outcomes.
c. there is not enough emphasis on action and doing as requisites for change.
d. it does not account for unconscious factors or for the effects of early learning.
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
A contribution of reality therapy is that:
a. it provides insight into causes of problems.
b. it changes core beliefs.
c. it focuses on assisting clients to relive past trauma.
d. it explains childhood influences on present behavior.
e. it consists of simple and clear concepts that can be easily understood by a variety of people in the helping professions.
Q:
A contribution of REBT is:
a. the "I-Thou" relationship between client and therapist.
b. the emphasis on understanding the subjective world of the client.
c. the emphasis on putting newly acquired insights into action via the "homework assignment" method.
d. the emphasis on cathartic experience of one's feelings.
Q:
A contribution of behavior therapy is that:
a. it provides a plausible explanation of personality development.
b. it focuses on insight.
c. it emphasizes freedom, choice, and deciding.
d. it is a pragmatic approach based on experimental validation of the results.
Q:
A contribution of the Gestalt approach is:
a. the emphasis on the therapist's interpretations.
b. the attention given to the role of irrational beliefs as a cause of emotional disturbances.
c. focusing on unfinished business in the past in a way that is immediate and direct.
d. the attention it gives to the therapeutic contract.
e. the emphasis on value judgments in therapy.
Q:
A contribution of the person-centered approach is:
a. its applicability to nonverbal clients.
b. the active stance of the therapist.
c. the wide variety of techniques generated.
d. its emphasis on the therapeutic relationship and the attitudes of the therapist as crucial.
e. the systematic description of past influences and how these are significant in current behavior.
Q:
A contribution of the existential approach is:
a. the freedom of both the client and therapist to be creative during the therapy sessions.
b. the specific and precise goals of treatment.
c. the development of a specific set of techniques.
d. the wide applicability for lower-functioning clients.
e. the standardization of the approach.
Q:
A contribution of the psychoanalytic approach is:
a. the focus on the human-to-human encounter.
b. a comprehensive and detailed system of personality.
c. a reliance on the scientific method to assess therapeutic outcomes.
d. that it can be practiced by a wide range of professionals.
Q:
Feminist therapy does not stress:
a. an egalitarian therapeutic relationship.
b. confronting oppression.
c. dealing with transference feelings.
d. social justice.
e. listening to girls' and women's voices.
Q:
The "empty chair" technique is most often used in which approach?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. REBT
c. Adlerian therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches does not have an established application to family therapy?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
e. none of the above
Q:
Rational emotive behavior therapy does not contend that________.
a. people make themselves disturbed by the sentences they tell themselves.
b. traumatic events themselves cause problems such as depression and anxiety.
c. people must be willing to reindoctrinate themselves if they hope to change.
d. therapy is hard work and requires practice outside of the sessions.
e. therapy is a cognitive process.
Q:
Which statement is false as it applies to reality therapy?
a. The focus is on observable behavior.
b. A commitment is an essential part of therapy.
c. There is a focus on getting clients to re-author their stories.
d. The therapist needs to establish an involvement with the client.
e. The past is not explored in this approach.
Q:
Which of the following statements about EMDR is not true?
a. Therapists should not use this procedure unless they receive proper training and supervision from an authorized EMDR instructor.
b. Some evidence indicates that the eye movement component of EMDR may not be integral to the treatment.
c. Controlled studies of EMDR demonstrate that this approach to treating trauma clearly outperforms no treatment and achieves similar or superior results as other methods.
d. EMDR consists of three basic phases involving hypnosis, targeted eye movement exercises, and debriefing.
Q:
Which of the following approaches is not easily applied to group counseling?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. none of the above
Q:
The customer-type relationship is associated with:
a. Adlerian therapy.
b. existential therapy.
c. solution-focused brief therapy.
d. family systems therapy.
e. dialectical behavior therapy.
Q:
Which therapy approach holds that the stories people live by grow out of conversations in a social and cultural context?
a. person-centered therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. narrative therapy
Q:
Exploration of polarities is a technique used in ________.
a. cognitive-behavior therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. existential therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
Process and outcome studies on therapeutic effectiveness have been conducted primarily by those who subscribe to:
a. postmodern therapy.
b. reality therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. person-centered therapy.
e. both (c) and (d)
Q:
Which of the following statements about existential therapy is false?
a. Existential therapy is primarily aimed at working through the transference relationship.
b. Existential therapy is subjective in nature.
c. Existential therapy encourages clients to act on what they know and learn about themselves in therapy.
d. Existential therapy deals with such matters as anxiety, guilt, and freedom.
e. Existential therapy is aimed at helping clients make a commitment in the face of uncertainty.
Q:
According to Carl Rogers, effective therapy does not need to include ______.
a. diagnosis.
b. therapist interpretation.
c. active intervention of a directive nature by the therapist.
d. giving information or giving advice.
e. all of the above