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Q:
What was the real problem facing profilers in attempting to effectively profile the D.C. Snipers?
a. the variety of rifles used in the killings
b. their mobility
c. their race and the number of offenders
d. ineffective eye witnesses
Q:
This research suggests that crimes are more likely to occur closer to an offender's domicile and that the farther away he/she travels from home base the fewer crimes they will commit.
a. traveling crime
b. road crime
c. vacation crime
d. journey-to-crime
Q:
Serial predators prefer to operate within comfort zones and experience _____ as they leave that comfort zone.
a. deep depression
b. excitement
c. a distance decay function
d. discomfort
Q:
This theory suggests that offenders are more likely to act on their first opportunity in relation to their buffer zone.
a. routine activity
b. rational choice
c. crime pattern
d. strain
Q:
This theory suggests that crime occurs when an opportunity arises within the normal areas an offender travels, such as to and from work, recreation, school, and community activities.
a. rational choice
b. routine activity theory
c. crime pattern
d. life-course
Q:
According to Rossmo, which offender style prefers to travel away from home to hunt victims?
a. hunter
b. poacher
c. troller
d. trapper
Q:
A geographic profile does not include this.
a. distance
b. time
c. mental maps
d. mobility
Q:
Such profiling is empirically based and has not placed much value on motivation or personality. It does help law enforcement in deciding where to begin knocking on doors and setting up stakeouts.
a. offender profiling
b. geographic profiling
c. equivocal death profiling
d. crime scene profiling
Q:
This profiling tool is used to prioritize a variety of homicides and other serious crimes. Also known as criminal personality assessment, it is applied to other forms of profiling. Profilers match the personality characteristics of a certain type of offender with those of a suspect.
a. offender profiling
b. geographic profiling
c. equivocal death profiling
d. psychological profiling
Q:
A serious problem with the dichotomous model of organized and disorganized crime scenes is _____.
a. that it is used primarily by the FBI and not other law enforcement agencies
b. interagency co-operation
c. that it applies only to crime scenes involving violence
d. the lack of rigorous reliability and validity testing
Q:
Today we know that violent criminal activity can be very complicated and well thought out in which area?
a. fantasy
b. planning
b. execution
d. all of the above
Q:
Also referred to as criminal investigation analysis, this form of profiling is based upon the FBI model developed by their Behavioral Science Unit. Psychosocial data are compared to other similar cases and investigators engage in an experiential/informational guessing technique to reconstruct the offenders' personality.
a. offender profiling
b. geographic profiling
c. equivocal death profiling
d. crime scene profiling
Q:
What did Beauregard and Mieczkowski (2012) note in their study of 201 sex offenders?
a. being a stranger to the perpetrator increases the risk of harm
b. being known to the perpetrator increases the risk of harm
c. the victim/offender relationship does not affect harm
d. Offenders only harm women.
Q:
Which is not one of the three interlinked areas of profiling research that Salfati summarized?
a. place-specific behavior
b. individual differentiation
c. behavioral consistency
d. inferences about offender characteristics
Q:
Who designed the radex model?
a. Kim Rossmo
b. Ronald Holmes
c. David Canter
d. Richard Kocsis
Q:
Law enforcement agencies collect data, often using case studies or anecdotal information, which then is transformed into general descriptions of the types of persons most commonly associated with a certain type of criminal activity.
a. offender profiling
b. geographic profiling
c. equivocal death profiling
d. crime scene profiling
Q:
Which is not one of the four "crime phases" of murderer behavior that investigators use to develop offender profiles and gain insight into their personalities?
a. antecedent
b. method and manner
c. body disposal
d. pre-offense behavior
Q:
What is part of the serial-killer stereotype?
a. They are stupid.
b. They are good-looking.
c. They are employed.
d. They are exceptionally intelligent.
Q:
For profiling to fulfill its potential, law enforcement must do which of the following?
a. collaborate with academic and medical professionals
b. improve media relations
c. collaborate with profilers from other countries
d. collaborate more with the FBI
Q:
Which is NOT true, according to Beauregard and Martineau (2012)?
a. Often forensic evidence is never sent to crime labs.
b. There often is not increased evidence of identifying suspects, pressing charges, or securing convictions.
c. Offenders may be learning from popular media how to decrease their chances of being caught and convicted.
d. All of the above are true.
Q:
This is often critical to the outcome of criminal cases.
a. academic research
b. intangible evidence
c. physical forensics
d. hearsay
Q:
What did the term "forensics" originally mean?
a. belong to or used in courts of law
b. belong to or used in medicine
c. belong to or used in psychiatry
d. belong to or used in crime labs
Q:
Which is NOT true of offenders, according to Beauregard and Bouchard's 2010 study?
a. They found that offenders under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol displayed less forensic awareness.
b. Offenders who had target preferences were more likely to take forensic precautions.
c. Offenders who entered a victim's residence and engaged in specific sexual acts during the crime were also more likely to exhibit forensic awareness.
d. Offenders tended to be consistent in their forensic awareness and directed most of their efforts toward removing DNA that tied them to the crime scene.
Q:
Compare and contrast how courts use the Daubert decision with the Frye decision.
Q:
Analyze how culture and nationality not only affects serial killing, but its definition.
Q:
Why is Jack the Ripper believed to have ushered in the concept of serial murder?
Q:
In recent years crime-scene investigators in _____ have been confronted with several cases of muti-murders.
Q:
South Africa has a murder rate over _______ times that of the United States.
Q:
Aki found that crime in Japan is deterred more by _____ and _____ than legal punishments.
Q:
During the 1800s, the notion of murders by _____ and _____ can be attributed to much folklore.
Q:
_____ also finds its roots in stressors such as rejection, abandonment, loss,
humiliation, and hatred.
Q:
American serial killers were slightly more likely to be involved in postmortem activities including mutilation.
Q:
Japan is among countries with high rates of serial murder.
Q:
Few countries appear to have a problem of certain offenders being defined as "superkillers," meaning offenders who claim outrageous victim counts.
Q:
German serial murderers are less prone than American serial murderers to take trophies and travel large distances to find victims.
Q:
Few serial murderers are found to be insane in the eyes of the law.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of Raj's types of mutilation?
a. defensive
b. offensive
c. aggressive
d. torture
Q:
Born in 1966 east of Johannesburg, South Africa, this offender became a prime example of cases that do not fit traditional profiles of violent offenders.
a. Stewart Wilken
b. Anders Breivik
c. Martin Bryant
d. Fritz Haarmann
Q:
Japanese male offenders were more likely than their American male counterparts to murder using this method.
a. guns
b. poisons
c. stabbing
d. strangulation
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Serial murder in Japan has decreased due to the decrease in sex crimes.
b. Serial murder in Japan has increased due to the increase in sex crimes.
c. As Japan's pornography industry expands the number of sex crimes has markedly decreased.
d. As Japan's pornography industry expands the number of sex crimes has markedly increased.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The term "psychopath" has never been officially used in Japanese psychiatry.
b. Psychopath is a current, popular term in Japanese psychiatry.
c. The term "psychopath" was often used in Japan between 1955 and 1965 but gradually faded from usage in Japanese psychiatry.
d. The term "psychopath" became popular in Japan following the rape of Nanking.
Q:
Aki notes that the 95 percent homogeneity of Japan fosters a sense of _____.
a. honor
b. competition
c. despair
d. individualism
Q:
The United States' murder rate is _____ times higher than Japan's.
a. 5
b. 11
c. 16
d. 21
Q:
Which of the following showed the greatest variance between the Hickey and Gorby studies?
a. percentage of accomplices
b. percentage of victims per case
c. percentage using firearms
d. percentage of males strangling their victims
Q:
A man of low self-esteem, this offender killed children and young women in and around train stations. A paraphilic killer with a history of scopophilia and pedophilia, he routinely stabbed out the eyes of his victims to avoid their stare and frequently practiced anthropophagy.
a. Jeffery Dahmer
b. Andrei Chikatilo
c. Charles Albright
d. Douglas Clark
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Gorby study?
a. South American, Central American and Middle Eastern countries combined accounted for the largest percentage of serial killers in his data analysis.
b. Since 1900 the percentage of European cases has declined steadily while just the opposite is occurring in non-European countries.
c. There were fewer female serial killers in the Gorby study than in the Hickey study.
d. Compared to the Hickey study, there were far fewer cases of serial murder in the Gorby study where offenders had an accomplice.
Q:
Who was Europe's most prolific modern serial killer?
a. Uri Zakotnova
b. Andrei Chikatilo
c. Stepan Valnophsky
d. Igor Makarov
Q:
This country executed a man, now referred to as the Tehran Vampire, for raping and murdering nine women.
a. Iraq
b. Afghanistan
c. Iran
d. Egypt
Q:
This offender was a military man who became one of the most prolific sexual predators and murderers in Canadian history.
a. Jay Healey
b. Emil Kostov
c. Jean Baptiste
d. Russell Williams
Q:
He entertained prostitutes at his "Piggy Palace Good Times Society." Thirty trace remains of victims were found but most of the corpses were fed to his pigs that were frequently bought and sold at local markets.
a. Robert Pickton
b. Clifford Olson
c. Jay Healey
d. Jean Baptiste
Q:
What is the "Highway of Tears?"
a. a stretch of two-lane highway from Prince Rupert, B.C., to Prince George, B.C., and on to Edmonton, Alberta
b. There is no actual highway; it is a metaphor.
c. the stretch of Route 66 from Tucumcari, New Mexico, to Los Angeles, California
d. Clinton Road in West Milford, New Jersey
Q:
He murdered 11 children and teens with a hammer because he "did not want them to suffer as he had suffered." He contended that his killings were "mercy killings" that would never have happened had those children been raised in loving homes.
a. Ottis Toole
b. Clifford Olson
c. Arthur Shawcross
d. Andrei Chikatilo
Q:
Since the end of World War II, how many cases of serial murder has Canada documented?
a. over 50
b. none
c. 10
d. 187
Q:
What is a "superkiller?"
a. Someone who has claimed or been accused of murdering hundreds of victims.
b. Someone who has actually murdered hundreds of victims.
c. Someone who travels the world.
d. Someone who kills large numbers of victims and is never caught.
Q:
Why is Joachim Georg Kroll, the Laundry Room Killer, of particular interest to German profilers?
a. He had a low IQ.
b. He killed babies left unattended.
c. He was unemployed but had an extremely high IQ.
d. He wore underwear stolen from people he had killed.
Q:
Harbort noted that these German serial killers had the longest killing careers.
a. female offenders
b. less intelligent offenders
c. offenders with high IQs
d. immigrants to Germany
Q:
Harbort found that these German serial killers were apprehended at a faster rate.
a. females
b. younger
c. less intelligent
d. more intelligent
Q:
In the Harbort study, many of the German serial killers were found to be affected by this.
a. brain abnormalities
b. mental illnesses
c. mental disorders
d. Klinefelter's Syndrome
Q:
Where was the VICLAS system developed?
a. United States
b. England
c. Canada
d. South Africa
Q:
This offender was raised in a physically and sexually abusive home where he witnessed his alcoholic father raping his mother and sisters. He also engaged in sexually abusing his sisters and eventually ran away from home. He used hammers, knives, and scissors to kill both young girls and women. Eventually he was apprehended and sent to the guillotine.
a. Donald Harvey
b. Orville Majors
c. Michael Swango
d. Peter Kurten
Q:
Why did German serial killer Gerhard Schroeder kill prostitutes?
a. They were attractive.
b. He was a lust killer.
c. They were easy targets.
d. He thought they had money.
Q:
What did an examination of German serial killers by the German police find?
a. Homicide from robberies was as frequent as homicide with sexual motivations.
b. More of the killers were likely to have deep childhood trauma when compared to U.S. serial killers.
c. About 70 percent of all homicides involving robberies and homicides were committed by serial murderers.
d. More of the European killers targeted the affluent.
Q:
Whom did Jack the Ripper particularly enjoy targeting?
a. children
b. elderly
c. rich women
d. prostitutes
Q:
Responsible for the Port Arthur massacre, this offender took approximately nine minutes to kill 35 men, women, and children. Most of the victims were tourists and local residents.
a. Joachim Kroll
b. Gerhard Schroeder
c. Richard Doney
d. Martin Bryant
Q:
According to Hickey, which of the following is NOT a key issue in exploring serial murder from a global perspective?
a. Serial murder is defined or viewed differently in other cultures.
b. Motives and methods for serial murder are influenced by cultural differences.
c. U.S. serial murderer profiles are often contradicted by serial murderer profiles created by law enforcement agencies in other countries.
d. Understanding religion as a cultural factor in serial murder.
Q:
Diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, this offender was believed to be delusional when he bombed government office buildings in Oslo, Norway, killing eight and then traveling to the island of Otoya where he attacked a youth summer camp killing 69.
a. Joachim Kroll
b. Richard Doney
c. Gerhard Schroeder
d. Anders Breivik
Q:
List and tell more about the five major missing children agencies.
10
Q:
Name and discuss the two early iconic 1970s-1980s child murder cases that brought the most attention to child murder.
Q:
Discuss why the odds of becoming a victim are minuscule when one considers the size of the population as a whole.
Q:
One of the several aliases of _____ was "Bluebeard." He was married to at least 18 women and possibly as many as 26.
Q:
_____ was also known as "The Killer Clown," and read passages from the Bible as he killed his victims.
Q:
Another factor influencing victim selection is the degree of _____ and _____ the offender is able to exert.
Q:
We run a greater risk of being a victim of _____ and an even greater risk of being a victim of other violent crimes than we do of dying at the hands of a serial killer.
Q:
Hewitt examined demographic characteristics of victims and offenders in the often-publicized community of "Middletown, U.S.A." (_____) and found the victim"offender relationships to be similar to those in larger cities.
Q:
The percentage of victims killed by local offenders between 1975 and 2004 has increased noticeably.
Q:
Most serial murderers operate in a specific place or general urbanized area.
Q:
Serial murderers rarely have distinctive victim-selection criteria, motivations, and sexual interests.
Q:
Female serial murderers killed for shorter periods than their male counterparts.
Q:
In any given year it has been estimated that 100-200 serial killers may be active.
Q:
Heterosexual serial killers target gay men how often?a. rarelyb. all the timec. the same as they target heterosexual mend. sometimes