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Q:
One of the main problems in studying the effects of media is that whatever real effects the media cause, they also often serve as a scapegoat for larger social problems.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Explain what we mean when we say that culture is both learned through communication and expressed through our own communication. Provide an example of something the media have taught you about your culture, and describe one way in which you express that cultural attribute.
Q:
Content analysis is the primary method researchers use to measure the amount of violence on network television.
A) True
B) False
Q:
List the four spatial zones identified by Edward Hall and discussed in your textbook.
Q:
Identify one artifact you are using right now, and briefly describe what you believe it may be communicating about you to your classmates and professor.
Q:
Survey research is better than experimental research at establishing cause-effect linkages, but experimental research gets closer to real-world conditions.
A) True
B) False
Q:
The minimal-effects model of mass media research holds that the media reinforce existing behaviors and attitudes rather than change them.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Researchers associated with the minimal-effects model argue that people engage in selective exposure and selective retention with regard to the media.
A) True
B) False
Q:
A paralinguistic cue that gives information about the speaker's emotional or physical state is referred to as a(n) ____________, and an example of one would be ____________.
Q:
Define oculesics and provide an example of how someone would use it to communicate.
Q:
List four of the seven facial expressions that appear to be inborn and that are exhibited across cultures as well as among people who are blind and have never had the opportunity to imitate others' facial expressions.
Q:
Between 1930 and 1970, "Who says what to whom with what effect?" became the key question in American communications research.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Media effects research first emerged because of concerns about television violence.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Social psychology studies measure public attitudes.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Provide an example of an illustrator and an affect display.
Q:
Walter Lippmann's Public Opinion is considered by many academics to be "the founding book in American media studies."
A) True
B) False
Q:
Provide some examples of the ways in which a person's environment sends nonverbal messages to others.
Q:
Selecting from the following list, match items with the type of news with which they are associated.
A. Print news
B. TV news
See It Now
Q:
Define immediacy as it would be communicated through nonverbal communication.
Q:
Selecting from the following list, match items with the type of news with which they are associated.
A. Print news
B. TV news
Happy talk
Q:
Briefly describe the interaction management function of nonverbal communication and give an example of a behavior that regulates the back-and-forth flow of communication.
Q:
Selecting from the following list, match items with the type of news with which they are associated.
A. Print news
B. TV news
Quotes
Q:
Using a brief example, illustrate how a communicator could use nonverbal behavior to accent a verbal message.
Q:
What is the difference between a nonverbal message that repeats a verbal message and one that complements a verbal message?
Q:
Using one of your experiences, provide a brief example of a time when someone's nonverbal behavior contradicted his or her verbal message, and you found the nonverbal message to be more believable.
Q:
Selecting from the following list, match items with the type of news with which they are associated.
A. Print news
B. TV news
Sound bites
Q:
Selecting from the following list, match items with the type of news with which they are associated.
A. Print news
B. TV news
Inverted pyramid
Q:
Selecting from the following list, match items with the type of news with which they are associated.
A. Print news
B. TV news
Pretty faces
Q:
Briefly explain why sign language would not be considered nonverbal communication.
Q:
_______ is an example of a nonvocal form for verbal communication that is often mistaken for nonverbal communication because of its reliance on gestural symbols rather than spoken words.
Q:
Define nonverbal communication.
Q:
A type of journalism driven by citizen forums, _________________________ journalism goes beyond telling the news to embrace a broader mission of improving the quality of public life.
Q:
_________________________ refers to the merging of print and broadcast news with online news.
Q:
Public displays of affection are sometimes upsetting to others because of a difference in various communicators' perceptions of the ___________ dimension of communication.
A) informal-formal
B) appropriate-inappropriate
C) public-private
D) intimate-social
Q:
A noncontact culture is one in which
A) members prefer to be individuals rather than part of a group.
B) members prefer to be anonymous members of a group.
C) members regard touch as an important form of communication.
D) members are touch-sensitive or even tend to avoid touch.
Q:
John Stuart Mill's ethical principle was to promote the "greatest _________________________ for the greatest number" of people.
Q:
Ethical decisions that are made on a case-by-case basis are called ________________________ ethics.
Q:
_________________________ ethics suggests that reporters should never use deception to get a story.
Q:
You oversleep on the morning of your job interview. You meant to be there ten minutes early to show how responsible you are, but unfortunately you arrive late. You plead your case to the administrative assistant, but he explains to you that the hiring manager is no longer interested in interviewing you because of your tardiness. This example illustrates the power of which nonverbal code?
A) oculesics
B) proxemics
C) chronemics
D) kinesics
Q:
You're babysitting your niece. When the toddler wakes up, she cries out, missing her mom and dad. You rush upstairs, pick up the child, and rock her in your lap until she calms down and falls back to sleep. What type of nonverbal communication are you using to communicate your caring toward your niece?
A) oculesics
B) proxemics
C) haptics
D) chronemics
Q:
The most prominent value underpinning daily journalism in the United States is _________________________.
Q:
An underlying value held by many U.S. journalists and citizens, _________________________ pastoralism favors the small over the large and the rural over the urban.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the spatial zones identified by Edward Hall?
A) intimate
B) interpersonal
C) personal
D) social
Q:
Which of the following would not be considered an artifact?
A) the ring your friend wears in her nostril
B) the Chicago Cubs baseball cap your friend wears whenever he watches a game
C) the size and shape of your friend's nose
D) the tattoo your friend got when he spent the summer abroad in Spain
Q:
Vocalizations like "uh huh," "oh," and "umm" that encourage others to continue speaking or indicate that we would like to speak are called
A) encouragers.
B) verbal responders.
C) back-channel cues.
D) channel discrepancies.
Q:
Which of the following is a basic tenet, or belief, of conventional journalism?
A) Reporters have a moral and ethical duty to help improve civic life.
B) Journalists should help improve political discourse.
C) A free press should question the government and get both sides of a story.
D) Journalists need to become activists for engaging the public in the political process.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about "fake" news programs such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Colbert Report?
A) Their success might be attributed in part to the audience's cynicism about politics and politicians.
B) They not only satirize people in the news, but critique the news media as well.
C) They are simply about telling jokes and never try to express any larger truth.
D) The tradition can trace its roots back to the 1970s when Saturday Night Live started running "Weekend Update."
E) The viewers of "fake" shows find the slick, formulaic political ads and canned sound bites of local TV news stories less persuasive.
Q:
Elements like pitch, volume, rate, and other vocal qualities are called
A) body language.
B) phonolesics.
C) paralanguage.
D) oculesics.
Q:
Supporters of public journalism argue that insisting journalists are "value-neutral" ______.
A) helps bolster the actual professionalism and objectivity of journalists
B) creates a sense of greater trust by the public in the journalism profession
C) actually results in less credibility with the public
D) will help the news remain fair and unbiased
E) is a true reflection of the values held by journalists
Q:
Audiences prefer speakers who use eye contact behaviors that scan the audience, making each member or section of the audience feel like the speaker has addressed them specifically. This knowledge falls under the category of _______, or the study of the use of the eyes to communicate.
A) proxemics
B) kinesics
C) chronemics
D) oculesics
Q:
In which way does the current trend toward public journalism differ from modern journalism?
A) It moves away from just telling the news to becoming involved in community life.
B) It insists that neutrality and objectivity are essential to any type of journalism.
C) It moves to increase editorial control in the newsroom and encourage the detached watchdog mission of journalists.
D) It does not propose solutions to the political and social problems of the day.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q:
While delivering your presentation, you begin to twist the ring on your right hand and your right leg begins to shake. What category of body movement is illustrated in this example?
A) illustrator
B) adaptor
C) emblem
D) regulator
Q:
During a church service, you silently hold one finger up to your mouth to communicate nonverbally to your little brother that he must be quiet. What category of body movement are you using to communicate your message?
A) illustrator
B) adaptor
C) emblem
D) affect display
Q:
Which of the following is a characteristic of public journalism?
A) A focus on the most recent events
B) It follows a "he said"she said" format for reporting news.
C) An emphasis on human-interest stories to attract readers
D) Journalists not only criticize communities but try to improve them.
E) The complete objectivity of reporters
Q:
What is commonly referred to as "body language" is actually the observation of _____________, or the way gestures and body movements send nonverbal messages.
A) kinesics
B) proxemics
C) oculesics
D) chronemics
Q:
A journalist who practices an informational or modern model approach to journalism would most likely be inclined to focus a story about a crime spree around ______.
A) presenting official comments and statistics in a neutral manner
B) taking an advocacy stance
C) condemning the criminals involved
D) acknowledging his or her own point of view
E) None of the above options is correct.
Q:
While the Internet has provided many new tools for journalists, what is a potential Internet pitfall for reporters?
A) The enormous amount of information on the Web makes it harder to copy the work of other journalists.
B) Print journalists are being told to focus on reporting and leave video and camera work to others.
C) The enormous amount of information available on databases and other sites can keep reporters at their desks rather than out in the community finding stories and cultivating sources.
D) Journalists are allowed to tell their story via only one medium.
E) None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Nonverbal behaviors that coordinate verbal interaction by helping us to navigate the back-and-forth of communication in a constructive, appropriate manner are serving which function?
A) accenting
B) repeating
C) regulating
D) substituting
Q:
Tweeting and blogging are ______.
A) considered a waste of time by almost all news organizations
B) mostly ignored by news media audiences
C) a journalism fad that has passed
D) becoming required duties for journalists
E) done only by journalists of small local papers
Q:
You see a friend across the room at a crowded party, but it's too loud for you to say hello from this distance. Instead, you make eye contact with him and nod your head as an acknowledgment and greeting. Which term best fits the function of your nonverbal behavior?
A) accenting
B) substituting
C) contradicting
D) repeating
Q:
Which of the following is not a change the Internet has wrought upon traditional journalism?
A) News reporters are increasingly required to have video and audio elements in their stories.
B) News consumers can more often see entire interviews instead of only sound bites.
C) Both print and TV news can continually update breaking news stories online.
D) Journalists might rely too heavily on Internet research rather than physically going to investigate stories.
E) E-mail interviews allow journalists to get more spontaneity out of interview subjects.
Q:
Your friend asks you how you're doing, and you say, "OK," while holding up your hand in the gesture Americans understand to be the OK sign. What reinforcing behavior are you using to clarify your message?
A) repeating
B) complementing
C) accenting
D) substituting
Q:
Which of the following is true about the growing use of "talking head" pundits on cable news networks?
A) Pundits have charisma and opinions, but are often weak on facts.
B) It makes an effort to target "niche" news audiences rather than a larger general audience.
C) The return to partisan news could be seen as a return to journalistic practices of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
D) The use of pundits is a less expensive strategy for filling the twenty-four-hour news cycle.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q:
The growing trend of twenty-four-hour cable news stations filling time with "talking head" pundits ______.
A) enables the stations to spend more money on producing "solid" journalism
B) allows these stations to appeal to the broadest possible audience by avoiding offending viewers
C) displays a continued rejection of the "partisan press" roots of American journalism
D) encourages civil conversation about American politics
E) None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Which of the following does not represent the way nonverbal behaviors can clarify the meaning of a verbal message by reinforcing it?
A) repeating
B) complementing
C) substituting
D) accenting
Q:
________________ occurs when one set of a person's behaviors says one thing and another set of his or her behaviors says something different.
A) Feedback
B) Channel discrepancy
C) Distortion
D) Deception
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a nonverbal behavior?
A) You write a note asking your roommate to pick up your mail while you're out of town.
B) You use American Sign Language to fingerspell your name when you meet a new deaf colleague at work.
C) You wave an old friend over to sit with you at lunch in the cafeteria.
D) You type a quick e-mail asking your professor if she has any feedback on the outline for your upcoming speech.
Q:
Which of the following is true about sound bites?
A) They are the TV equivalent of a photograph in newspapers.
B) Their average length has increased since the 1960s.
C) They are usually quite brief and can come from an expert, a celebrity, a victim, or a person on the street.
D) They are part of a newspaper article.
E) They typically allow extra time for complex and nuanced ideas.
Q:
The sound bite in a TV news report is the equivalent of a ______ in a newspaper story.
A) source
B) byline
C) lead paragraph
D) quote
E) footnote
Q:
Ad-libbed or scripted banter that goes on among local news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports reporters before and after news reports is called ______.
A) happy talk
B) crime blocks
C) pretty-face
D) sound bites
E) talking heads
Q:
"The process of intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words" defines which of the following terms?
A) verbal communication
B) nonverbal communication
C) body language
D) encoding
Q:
Dan is seventy-five years old and recently got his first personal computer. He has discovered the world of chatting online and is excited about the opportunity to make friends with similar interests throughout the world. Unfortunately, he's also discovered that it's tricky to navigate this new communication world because of the lack of nonverbal cues. He often finds himself being misunderstood by others and is confused about how to interpret what others communicate to him. What advice do you have for Dan about how to encode and decode or interpret subtle nonverbal cues when communicating online?
Q:
Kiyomi has recently moved to the United States from Japan in order to attend college. She has also decided to work part-time to gain some experience in a Western workplace. What would you explain to her about the cultural elements of our various nonverbal codes to help her learn to communicate competently?
Q:
Which of the following did not result from hiring television news consultants?
A) Local news directors purchased national prepackaged formats.
B) Local news put its issues-oriented reporting at the forefront, often starting newscasts with those stories.
C) A culture of "if it bleeds, it leads" developed in the industry.
D) Everything from music to opening graphics developed a similar look across the country.
E) Standards of appearance for news anchors became even more rigid.
Q:
Why have local TV newscasts developed a similar look since the 1970s?
A) TV news directors copied each other.
B) Local news programs became syndicated.
C) Stations hired news consultants, who advised them to buy national prepackaged formats.
D) Technology dictated that news programs look alike.
E) Studies showed that there was only way the news could logically be delivered to viewers.
Q:
______ refers to the moment when the reporter nabs the wrongdoer.
A) Balanced conflict
B) Herd journalism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Agotcha story
E) A conflict of interest
Q:
Describe the ways in which physical appearance and artifacts serve as communication behaviors. How does being physically attractive appear to benefit a person?
Q:
How is the voice used to communicate nonverbally? What distinguishes vocal nonverbal communication from verbal communication? Describe a scenario where a person would communicate vocally as a substitution for a verbal message.
Q:
Journalism critics say the quest for balance presents some problems, including ______.
A) leading to stories that misrepresent complex issues as two-sided dramas
B) disguising quotes that may be selected for the purpose of drama instead of fairness
C) serving business interests rather than journalistic interests
D) failing to represent those who hold a middle position
E) All of the options are correct.
Q:
Scoop behavior, in which reporters stake out a house or chase celebrities, is called______.
A) situational ethics
B) herd journalism
C) individualism
D) conflict of interest
E) yellow journalism