Q&A Hero

Q: When the movie rating system began in the late 1960s, the G, PG, PG-13, R, X, and NC-17 ratings were all developed at that time and put immediately into place. A) True B) False

Q: How does appreciative listening benefit the listener?

Q: What does it mean to paraphrase as a listening behavior?

Q: Briefly describe a situation in which you were required to engage in empathic listening.

Q: Movies released in the United States are required by federal law to be labeled with an MPAA movie rating. A) True B) False

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court has defined motion pictures as free speech since 1915. A) True B) False

Q: Define critical thinking.

Q: For the first half of the twentieth century, local and state film review boards were considered constitutional. A) True B) False

Q: _________ listeners listen with relationships in mind. They tend to be most concerned with others' feelings and are usually good at assessing others' moods. By contrast, _______ listeners are most concerned with efficiency; they prefer information that is clear and to the point and have little patience for speakers who talk too much or wander off topic.

Q: In 1912, federal law outlawed the transportation of boxing movies across state linesnot because they were violent, but because there had been a black heavyweight boxing champion since 1908. A) True B) False

Q: List the three components of the listening process.

Q: There is no federal shield law for journalists in the United States. A) True B) False

Q: Ordinary citizens have more privacy protection under U.S. law than politicians or other public figures. A) True B) False

Q: Briefly describe the differences between hearing and listening.

Q: The Miller v. California case established a national standard for obscenity that is the same for all communities in the United States. A) True B) False

Q: How does listening differ in mediated contexts versus face-to-face interactions? Synthesizing what you learned about how to listen well to accomplish each of the four listening goals, as well as how to overcome various listening barriers, what advice would you give to someone who wants to improve his or her listening ability when talking on the phone or using other communication technology?

Q: In what ways do people from different cultures listen differently? *This question can be expanded for greater synthesis by adding the following line of questioning: Considering what you have learned about high-context cultures and low-context cultures in Chapter 5, what connections can you infer about the cultural differences between verbal and nonverbal behavior and listening behaviors?

Q: Parodies and insults of public figures are protected from libel suits unless the statements cause undue emotional pain. A) True B) False

Q: Reporters need to be careful about printing accusations made by attorneys in a court of law in case a suspect is later found "not guilty." A) True B) False

Q: How does gender influence listening behaviors? Synthesizing what you have learned about gender in this and other chapters of the book, what do you think is at the root of these differences?

Q: Public speech that causes someone damage or actual injury is libelous, even if the speech in question is true. A) True B) False

Q: What listening behaviors would you characterize as unethical? Synthesizing what you know about ethics and the transactional nature of communication, explain why these behaviors would be characterized as unethical and not merely ineffective.

Q: Defamation that is broadcast is considered slander because it is spoken rather than written. A) True B) False

Q: Describe the barriers to effective listening. What would you advise someone who is challenged by any of these specific barriers to do in order to improve his or her listening competence?

Q: Libel is a right guaranteed by the First Amendment. A) True B) False

Q: How does improving our listening competence benefit us academically, professionally, and interpersonally?

Q: Explain the concept of critical thinking. How does it relate to the listening process? How does one go about thinking critically in the role of a listener?

Q: Students who quote and cite a copyrighted source in a term paper for class are technically violating the law. A) True B) False

Q: Appropriating a writer's or artist's words or music without consent or payment is a form of expression that is not protected as speech. A) True B) False

Q: What are the goals of informational, critical, empathic, and appreciative listening? What, specifically, can a listener do to improve his or her ability to meet each of these listening goals?

Q: Compare and contrast the four listening preferences or styles. In what types of contexts would each style be particularly effective and appropriate?

Q: If a soon-to-be-released article seems to violate libel or obscenity laws, most U.S. courts would act to stop publication. A) True B) False

Q: The Supreme Court has defined censorship as prior restraint of speech. A) True B) False

Q: Only after the Sedition Act expired in 1801 did Americans broadly support the idea of a free press. A) True B) False

Q: Describe the five steps in the cognitive and behavioral components of the listening process. Using a detailed narrative example, illustrate what a communicator would be doing at each of the five stages.

Q: Effective intercultural communication often requires us to accommodateto adapt our verbal and nonverbal behaviors toward others to facilitate understanding and create a feeling of convergence. A) True B) False

Q: The Sedition Act strengthened First Amendment protections for citizens. A) True B) False

Q: One of the best ways to reduce one's uncertainty and anxiety about interacting with people from other social groups and cultures is to take the opportunity to interact with diverse groups of people in our social, educational, and professional lives. A) True B) False

Q: The United States follows a libertarian model of free expression and free press. A) True B) False

Q: Stereotypical beliefs about and attitudes toward others may lead us to interact with them in such a way that we set them up to prove our perceptions true. A) True B) False

Q: Most of the world's population now lives in countries where the press is free. A) True B) False

Q: In order to avoid ethnocentrism we must resist the tendency to feel national pride. A) True B) False

Q: It is common for people to feel anxiety when engaged in intercultural communication. A) True B) False

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey This kind of research method employs a control group for comparison.

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey This line of research might help to calculate how many times a person watching an hour of prime-time television might see a violent act.

Q: People within a co-cultural group tend to communicate in the same style. A) True B) False

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey This line of research suggests that heavy viewers of television are more likely than light viewers to perceive reality in ways that are more consistent with "TV reality."

Q: Gender and biological sex are basically the same thing. A) True B) False

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey In this method, researchers systematically code and measure media content.

Q: The generation into which a person is born can have a significant impact on his or her attitudes and behaviors. A) True B) False

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey The results of this kind of research method are usually generalizable to a larger population.

Q: People from individualist cultures are prone to hyperbole when describing their emotional response to events. A) True B) False

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey This line of research has generally demonstrated that the mass media don't tell people what to think as much as they tell people what to think about.

Q: Rules about where, when, and how to express emotions vary from one culture to another. A) True B) False

Q: The phrases "make time" and "buy time" are indicative of a polychronic time culture. A) True B) False

Q: Selecting from the following list of terms, match the description with the associated research method. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. A. Agenda-setting B. Cultivation effect C. Content analysis D. Experiment E. Survey This kind of research method reveals correlations between two variables.

Q: An individual in a low power distance culture is less likely to feel anxiety when talking to someone of higher status than an individual from a high power distance culture would. A) True B) False

Q: In media research, an area that focuses on media ownership and what that might mean for the messages distributed to the public is called ________________________.

Q: In media research, the ________________________ studies approach tries to understand how the media and culture are tied to the actual patterns of communication used in daily life.

Q: The United States and Canada would be classified as high uncertainty avoidance cultures. A) True B) False

Q: In media research, the ________________________ is the idea that heavy television viewing leads individuals to perceive reality in ways that are consistent with the portrayals they see on television.

Q: Collectivist cultures tend to be governed by a clear sense of status and hierarchy and tend to prize loyalty. A) True B) False

Q: People from low-context cultures use cues like the time, place, relationship, and situation to interpret messages and send subtle messages. A) True B) False

Q: ________________________ is a media research argument that says that when the mass media pay attention to particular events or issues, they determine the major topics of discussion for individuals and society.

Q: ________________________ theory is a theory within media effects research that suggests a link between the mass media and behavior.

Q: Although you may not interact with many new people in person, you most likely communicate with new people at least occasionally through media. A) True B) False

Q: ________________________ is the kind of research method used in the Bobo doll study.

Q: Communication researchers have found that even people from very different cultures have nearly identical expectations when they communicate. A) True B) False

Q: Our culture is reflected as well as affected by our communication behaviors. A) True B) False

Q: In social science research, the ________________________ group serves as a basis for comparison with the experimental group.

Q: Researchers associated with the minimal-effects model argue that people engage in selective ________________________ and selective retention with regard to the media.

Q: Culture is synonymous with ethnicity or nationality. A) True B) False

Q: What do the authors of your textbook mean when they caution not to overaccommodate?

Q: What three changes do intercultural communication training programs focus on?

Q: The hypodermic-needle model is sometimes also called the magic _______________________ theory.

Q: Between 1930 and 1970, "Who says what to whom with what ________________________?" became the key question "defining the scope and problems of American communications research."

Q: ________________________-polls are typically call-in, online, or person-in-the-street polls that news media use to address a "question of the day."

Q: What is the difference between ethnocentrism and discrimination, and how are they related to one another?

Q: List an example of one group you consider to be your own ingroup and one that you consider to be one of your outgroups.

Q: Critics of mass media research point to which of the following as a reason why the growing body of academic knowledge about the media seems to have little impact on the vast majority of mass media users? A) Members of the public just don't care how media affect their lives. B) None of the research addresses the concerns of marginalized groups. C) Specialized jargon makes it nearly impossible for nonacademics, and even other academics, to understand the results of research. D) Some researchers publish hoaxes to see if anyone is paying attention. E) Researchers just don't care about the concerns and interests of the general public.