Q&A Hero

Q: The first step in the problem-solving process is A) brainstorming. B) identifying the problem. C) generating solutions. D) evaluating the solutions.

Q: If your ought self and ideal self are consistent with each other, you are likely to experience higher levels of happiness and self-esteem.

Q: ____________ refer to group members' personal motives, goals, attitudes, and values. A) Cognitive forces B) Psychological forces C) Physiological forces D) Social forces

Q: The group members' thoughts, beliefs, and emotions relate to which of the forces that shape a group's decision making? A) cognitive forces B) psychological forces C) physiological forces D) social forces

Q: ____________ is the extent to which less powerful members of a group accept that power is distributed unequally. A) Motivation distance B) Power distance C) Power distribution D) Leader distance

Q: Your public self is synonymous with your face.

Q: Gender refers to the biological state of having either male or female sexual organs.

Q: Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self suggests that you form your self-concept by closely examining and evaluating yourself.

Q: In what type of unethical behavior does a leader use harsh criticism, name-calling, gossip, slander, personal attacks, or threats to safety or job security in order to get members to follow him or her? A) harassment B) coercion C) bullying D) dictating

Q: When Tina stepped up to serve as the organizer for the sustainability committee's organizational meetings, she decided to get the group organized by having anyone who was interested join her for an open forum where they could help define the group's mission, identify problems, and brainstorm some actions they could take to help their campus go green. What leadership style was Tina using? A) participative B) supportive C) directive D) achievement-oriented

Q: Research suggests that those who have high self-concept clarity are less likely to experience chronic depression.

Q: According to the social penetration theory, breadth refers to how personally or deeply you self-disclose.

Q: Al's speech coach sat him and the rest of his teammates down at the beginning of the season and said, "We have everything it takes to be the best team in the region this year, and I need every one of you to do your best in every round of competition so we can fulfill that expectation." The coach appears to be using which leadership style? A) participative B) supportive C) directive D) achievement-oriented

Q: Gender is a composite of attributes learned through socialization, beginning at birth and continuing within families.

Q: Gail could see that the members of her work team were tired and losing their focus on the task. She took a moment to gather them together and said, "I've been watching the clock, too. I know it's late, and I know we've all put in more hours than anyone could have expected today, and I want you to know how much I appreciate your dedication. Nobody else could do what you all have done today, and I hope you'll power through this last little bit to help us meet this deadline." What leadership style is Gail using? A) participative B) supportive C) directive D) achievement-oriented

Q: According to self-discrepancy theory, the greater the discrepancy between your ideal and ought selves, the higher your self-esteem.

Q: The self is formed in infancy and remains fairly static over time.

Q: A leader who controls the group's communication by conveying specific instructions to the members uses which type of leadership style? A) participative B) supportive C) directive D) achievement-oriented

Q: Leaders who are respected or admired by their followers are said to have . A) legitimate power. B) reward power. C) expert power. D) referent power.

Q: Power that stems from a leader's ability to threaten or harm others is referred to as A) legitimate power. B) reward power. C) coercive power. D) referent power.

Q: People tend to disclose more quickly when interacting face-to-face than when interacting online.

Q: If a child and his or her caregiver have a close, affectionate, and secure relationship, the child is likely to learn a secure attachment style.

Q: Self-fulfilling prophecies can set both positive and negative events in motion.

Q: Jen had a tough time getting her sorority sisters to commit to helping her clean up after the homecoming party until she offered to order pizza and treat everyone who helped out to a movie night. What type of power did Jen exercise over the group? A) legitimate power B) reward power C) expert power D) referent power

Q: Positions like "manager," "professor," and "president" convey which kind of power? A) legitimate power B) reward power C) expert power D) referent power

Q: ____________ is the ability to direct or influence others' behaviors and thoughts toward a productive end. A) Control B) Power C) Leadership D) Authority

Q: Social penetration refers to the gradual process of shedding layers of the self and increasing physical intimacy in interpersonal relationships.

Q: According to the Johari Window, the aspects of your self that are known to others but not to you are called the unknown area.

Q: Frank wants to start a gaming club at his college. He knows there are other students who are interested in joining the club, but he will need to take responsibility for leading the group through the forming and into the norming stages of development. Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter, what recommendations do you have for Frank to help him function effectively as a leader for this group? Consider what type and style of leadership might work well, the forces that might shape how the group interacts, and the process group members should take to accomplish their goals.

Q: The process of social comparison can result in positive or negative self-esteem, depending on whether we compare favorably or unfavorably to others.

Q: Describe, in detail, the three considerations one would use to evaluate a group's performance.

Q: Your "face" is the self you only show yourself.

Q: Consider someone you have worked with whom you would characterize as a highly effective leader. What kinds of power does this person use to influence group members? What type of leadership style does he or she use? What does he or she do well to make sure that meetings are managed effectively?

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value The belief that the closeness we feel toward others is created through self-disclosure and the responsiveness of listeners to disclosure.

Q: You have just been elected president of your school's student government. Based on what you have read in this chapter, describe the steps you need to take to be effective at running the group's meetings.

Q: Consider two groups you have participated in: one that was successful in accomplishing its goals and another that was either not successful or that struggled to accomplish its goals. Briefly describe each group and compare the way the two different groups went about solving their problem or coming to a decision. What did one group do well that the other one did not? What could the unsuccessful group do to become more efficient?

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value The feeling of closeness or "union" that exists between you and your partner.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value Degree to which online information is supported by other people or evidence.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value The degree to which one has a clearly defined and consistent sense of self.

Q: Using a group you have participated in as the example to illustrate your answer, compare and contrast the three forces (cognitive, psychological, and social) that influence a group's decision making.

Q: Is a masculine or a feminine leadership style more effective? Are there contexts or particular kinds of groups where you believe a masculine style or a feminine style would be more or less effective?

Q: Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter and others, what behaviors would you label as unethical for a leader to use?

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value Attachment style of a person who is low in attachment anxiety but high in attachment avoidance.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value Attachment style of a person who is high in attachment anxiety yet low in attachment avoidance.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value Revealing private information about your self to others.

Q: Compare and contrast the four group leadership styles, including directive, participative, supportive, and achievement-oriented. Identify groups in which you have been involved where the leader used each style. With which group(s) did you feel the most satisfied, and with which ones did you feel the least satisfied? Why do you think this is?

Q: Briefly define the five sources of power and describe how various leaders you have interacted with use each type of power.

Q: Media multitasking may exacerbate the problem of information overload, making it difficult for people to sort through and make sense of the media content. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value The belief that we reveal ourselves in layers like those of an onion.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value A public self designed to hide your private self.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value Defining your self-concept by thinking about how others see and evaluate you.

Q: People who live in poverty or in rural areas where access to Internet and/or technology is limited may be disadvantaged by the difficulty they face in accessing information through the media. A) True B) False

Q: Media convergence has enabled a greater variety of voices to participate in the marketplace of ideas. A) True B) False

Q: Mediated communication technologies like blogs and Twitter may be reducing the agenda-setting power of traditional gatekeepers like television networks and news organizations. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value The overall value, positive or negative, you assign your self.

Q: Media coverage of issues may set the agenda for what topics we discuss, how we discuss them, and even how we behave in response to them (for example, in our behavioral choices, purchasing, and even voting). A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition. dismissive attachment self embarrassment self-awareness face self-concept fearful attachment self-concept clarity gender self-disclosure interpersonal process model of intimacy self-discrepancy theory intimacy self-esteem looking-glass self self-fulfilling prophecies mask social comparison preoccupied attachment social penetration theory secure attachment warranting value Feelings of shame, humiliation, and sadness as a result of losing face.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueYour overall perception of who you are.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueAttachment style of a person who is low in both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance.

Q: Children are more likely to imitate aggressive behavior if they witness the behavior being rewarded rather than punished. A) True B) False

Q: Research today indicates that, despite the results of studies done in the 1970s and 1980s, media do not appear to have much impact on the behavior of children. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueThe composite of social, psychological, and cultural attributes that characterize you as male or female.

Q: Most people believe that negative media influences, such as exposure to biased messages, have a greater effect on other people than on themselves. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueAn evolving composite of self-awareness, self-concept, and self-esteem.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueComparing your ideal self and your ought self to determine your self-esteem.

Q: The diversity of perspectives presented in the media today appears to have made media bias irrelevant because most people are exposed to a greater variety of perspectives on most issues. A) True B) False

Q: Research indicates that one-third to one-half of Americans today report that they are dependent on the Internet for detailed information about health, science, business, and other issues on a weekly basis. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valuePredictions about future interactions that lead you to behave in ways that ensure the interaction will unfold as you predicted.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueAttachment style of a person who is high in both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance.

Q: Although the media are often criticized for interfering with social activities, many people turn to the media to meet their social needs. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueObserving and assigning meaning to others' behaviors and comparing them against your own.

Q: Despite the reputation the media have for being biased, research actually indicates that news media today are no more biased or politically partisan than they were in the 1980s. A) True B) False

Q: Cable television is subject to government regulation because it transmits its content over public cable networks. A) True B) False

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueThe ability to view yourself as a unique person distinct from your surrounding environment.

Q: Match the concept, term, or theory with its correct response or definition.dismissive attachmentselfembarrassmentself-awarenessfaceself-conceptfearful attachmentself-concept claritygenderself-disclosureinterpersonal process model of intimacyself-discrepancy theoryintimacyself-esteemlooking-glass selfself-fulfilling propheciesmasksocial comparisonpreoccupied attachmentsocial penetration theorysecure attachmentwarranting valueThe public self you want others to see and know.

Q: The FCC has the authority to regulate all television content. A) True B) False

Q: The First Amendment prevents the government from regulating television content. A) True B) False

Q: Describe the five critical issues impacting the study of interpersonal communication today.

Q: Identify and explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Q: Whereas the FCC has the authority to regulate broadcast television networks, cable and satellite networks often self-censor in order to avoid offending viewers and advertisers. A) True B) False