Q&A Hero

Q: Self-concept can best be characterized as A. perceptions we have about ourselves B. static, unchanging over time C. always positive D. always negative E. none of the options are correct

Q: Robin has just been hired for her first professional position, and she will be supervising a team of several employees. Up until now, Robin has only worked in her family's small business, so she's not really sure how a supervisor should interact with employees and vice versa. Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter, what advice would you give her about how to communicate effectively in her new role as both a supervisor and a supervisee?

Q: According to the social penetration theory, if someone is only comfortable disclosing his or her favorite foods, restaurants, bands, or hobbies, which layer of the self is shared? A. peripheral layer B. intermediate layer C. core layer D. central layer E. external layer

Q: Consider the place where you work: What are its organizational stories? Describe how it tells these stories. Are there organizational heroes who feature prominently in your workplace's organizational stories? *If most of your students do not work, this question can be adapted to focus on the organizational stories of the college they attend.

Q: According to the Johari Window, what "quadrant" of the self is unknown to others and the self? A. open area B. blind area C. hidden area D. closed area E. unknown self

Q: A relational partner with a preoccupied attachment style may be characterized by A. high anxiety B. low avoidance C. a desire for closeness D. a fear of rejection E. all of the options are correct

Q: Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter and others, what do we mean when we say that an organization has its own culture? How is this culture different from and similar to the notion of culture as it has been discussed in other chapters of the book?

Q: Compare and contrast the four approaches to managing an organization. Do any offer distinct advantages or disadvantages? Explain.

Q: How does an organization differ from other kinds of groups? Give an example of a group and an organization that you belong to, and clearly explain why you would categorize each as you have.

Q: Mike shares intimate details about his romantic relationship with people he's just met. According to the Johari Window, Mike has a relatively large A. ego B. blind area C. hidden area D. unknown area E. public area

Q: According to the social penetration theory, at which layer is a person's values, self-concept, and personality revealed? A. peripheral layer B. intermediate layer C. central layer D. outer layer E. innermost layer

Q: According to the social penetration theory, at which layer is a person's attitudes, beliefs, and opinions disclosed? A. peripheral layer B. intermediate layer C. central layers D. outer layer E. innermost layer

Q: Virtual meetings are less effective for brainstorming purposes than face-to-face meetings are. A) True B) False

Q: Although virtual meetings work well initially, they must move on to face-to-face interaction once the group is established. A) True B) False

Q: Even though making decisions by consensus takes more time than deciding by majority does, consensus should be used whenever possible. A) True B) False

Q: Which of the following serves as an effective metaphor for the social penetration theory? A. broccoli B. asparagus C. carrot D. cucumber E. onion

Q: When communicating online, you should A. remain aware of your face B. remember that viewers tend to perceive you based upon your intended self-perception C. never present a mask D. never presume the gender of someone you are communicating with E. all of the options are correct

Q: Productive conflict can benefit a group because those who have engaged in the conflict feel a sense of ownership in the decisions that are arrived at through the conflict. A) True B) False

Q: Group leaders should avoid setting time limits on any components of the discussion because it leads to poor decision making. A) True B) False

Q: Which of the following is a strategy for maintaining or saving face? A. using words and actions consistent with the face you are presenting B. using communication that complements your face C. using communication consistent with others' perceptions of you D. using communication that is reinforced by objects or events in the context at hand E. all of the options are correct

Q: If a Hollywood actor is gay but keeps his sexual orientation a secret, which strategy is he using to maintain his public self? A. face B. mask C. hidden self D. closed self E. none of the options are correct

Q: Jacqueline fears rejection and worries that her boyfriend will leave her. What attachment style is she experiencing? A. fearful attachment B. secure attachment C. dismissive attachment D. preoccupied attachment E. none of the options are correct

Q: Leaders should avoid distributing an agenda until after a meeting has begun. A) True B) False

Q: Agendas are crucial to the success of large meetings but are more constraining than they are helpful in small meetings. A) True B) False

Q: Which of the following characteristics is typical of a male's lifelong gender socialization process? A. independence B. competitiveness C. assertiveness D. masculinity E. all of the options are correct

Q: A leader should determine, before calling a meeting, what he or she hopes to accomplish, and whether the meeting is necessary to accomplish the goal. A) True B) False

Q: Enduring principles that govern your behavior are called A. attitudes B. values C. beliefs D. personal constructs E. masks

Q: According to the Johari Window, what "quadrant" of the self is unknown to others but known to the self? A. open area B. blind area C. hidden area D. closed area E. unknown area

Q: After selecting and implementing a solution, a group should identify criteria for a good solution in order to assess the results. A) True B) False

Q: Many groups find it difficult to accomplish their goals because they do not spend enough time identifying the problem they want to resolve. A) True B) False

Q: In a low power distance culture, people tend to defer decision making to those with higher status or authority. A) True B) False

Q: According to self-discrepancy theory, we feel happiest when A. our self-concept matches our ideal and ought selves B. our self-concept exceeds our ideal and ought selves C. there is a great discrepancy between our ideal and ought selves D. we perceive our self-concept to be inferior to our ideal and ought selves E. none of the options are correct

Q: Which of the following is a potential risk of self-disclosure? A. it helps manage personal stress and anxiety B. it is irreversible C. it helps to develop relationships D. it increases psychological health E. none of the options are correct

Q: Which of the following is NOT typically a part of a female's lifelong gender socialization process? A. femininity B. sensitivity C. nurturance D. competitiveness E. compassion

Q: Research indicates that men and women lead in similar ways. A) True B) False

Q: Excluding members of a group from the group's meetings is a form of bullying. A) True B) False

Q: Leaders who are perceived as knowledgeable, experienced, and respectable can be effective even if their followers do not like them. A) True B) False

Q: Which of the following statements best exemplifies the influence the looking-glass self has on your self-concept? A. My mom tells me I am the best little boy in the world and I believe her. B. I am a son and a student. C. I think Olivia is the smartest student in the class besides me. D. I am an extroverted people person. E. none of the options are correct

Q: According to the Johari Window, what "quadrant" of the self is known to others but unknown to the self? A. open area B. blind area C. hidden area D. closed area E. unknown area

Q: Achievement-oriented leadership works best when group members see themselves as competent and are motivated to excel. A) True B) False

Q: Kyle avoids close, long-term relationships, yet exhibits little anxiety. What attachment style best describes him? A. secure attachment B. dismissive attachment C. preoccupied attachment D. fearful attachment E. none of the options are correct

Q: Which of the following patterns of self-disclosure commonly characterizes an intimate personal relationship? A. little breadth and little depth B. little breadth and great depth C. great breadth and little depth D. great breadth and great depth E. none of the options are correct

Q: Coach Jackson's team is young and inexperienced, so he leads them by calling all of the plays and telling each player what he is expected to do and when. We would say that his leadership style is participative. A) True B) False

Q: The use of shared leadership can help group members feel more satisfied with the group process. A) True B) False

Q: Which of the following represents an appropriate amount of self-disclosure at the very beginning of a relationship? A. little breadth and little depth B. little breadth and great depth C. great breadth and little depth D. great breadth and great depth E. none of the options are correct

Q: Your self-concept is shaped by A. culture B. your interactions with others C. your gender D. your family E. all of the options are correct

Q: Groups with more than one leader (co-chairs, for example) are less effective than groups with a single leader. A) True B) False

Q: According to the Johari Window, what "quadrant" of the self is known both to others and to the self? A. unknown area B. known area C. hidden area D. public area E. blind area

Q: A leader can gain influence over a group using more than one source of power. A) True B) False

Q: People with high self-esteem tend to exhibit which of the following? A. satisfaction in their personal relationships B. leadership skills C. academic ability D. athleticism E. all of the options are correct

Q: Group leaders should avoid using referent power because it is usually considered coercive. A) True B) False

Q: Legitimate power comes from the information or knowledge that a leader possesses. A) True B) False

Q: If you perceive yourself as professionally capable and do well in a job interview as a result, your experience exemplifies A. social comparison B. the looking-glass self C. self-discrepancy theory D. self-fulfilling prophecy E. none of the options are correct

Q: If you and your friend discuss many different topics but do so on a superficial level only, your self-disclosure has A. minimal breadth and depth B. great breadth and depth C. great breadth but little depth D. great depth but little breadth E. none of the options are correct

Q: List two of the four questions you can ask yourself to assess how well your group is meeting its interpersonal performance goals.

Q: A document that details the subject and goal of a meeting, the participants, and logistics such as time and place for a meeting is called a(n) ___________.

Q: Convictions that an individual holds to be true are called A. attitudes B. beliefs C. values D. personal constructs E. looking-glass self

Q: If Mark has never had a long-term relationship because he reacts negatively to any perceived problem or "bump" in the relationship, what type of attachment style is Mark likely to have? A. secure B. none of the options are correct C. fearful D. dismissive E. preoccupied

Q: During the stage of generating solutions in the group decision-making process, members will ________ potential solutions, as well as define the ____________ that eventual solutions will have to meet.

Q: Evaluative appraisals of your self are known as A. attitudes B. values C. beliefs D. personal constructs E. reflected appraisals

Q: List the six steps in the group decision-making process described in your textbook.

Q: Define power distance as it applies to leadership.

Q: Three important influences upon the self include family, gender, and culture.

Q: According to the interpersonal process model of intimacy, closeness is based solely on your self-disclosure to others.

Q: A leader who grew up in a(n) _________ culture might make suggestions to the members of his or her group, whereas a leader who grew up in a(n) ____________ culture would probably communicate more directly by dictating orders or imposing solutions on the group.

Q: Intimacy refers to the degree of arousal one feels toward one's partner.

Q: Gossiping, ignoring members of the group, harsh criticism, and slander are all examples of which unethical leadership tactic?

Q: List the four group leadership styles discussed in your textbook.

Q: According to self-discrepancy theory, individuals are most happy when their self is most similar to their ideal and ought selves.

Q: Self-awareness and self-esteem are synonymous.

Q: What type of power comes from a person's ability to punish or harm others?

Q: What is the difference between expert and referent power?

Q: Self-disclosure is necessary to start and develop your personal relationships.

Q: Define leadership.

Q: According to the social penetration theory, depth refers to the number of different aspects of self a relational partner reveals.

Q: Losing face can result in feelings of shame, humiliation, and embarrassment.

Q: Ashley noticed that the group was coming to the end of their meeting and wanted to see how close the group was to making a decision. So she took an informal votea tactic we call a(n) A) Australian ballot. B) consensus checker. C) caucus vote. D) nonbinding straw poll.

Q: Your self-concept is based on the beliefs, attitudes, and values your significant other has about you.

Q: In which stage of the problem-solving process do members of a group employ brainstorming techniques? A) identifying the problem B) analyzing the problem C) generating solutions D) evaluating and choosing solutions

Q: If your relational partner feels unlovable and unworthy, he or she may be experiencing attachment anxiety.