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Communication
Q:
The United States is regarded as a high-contact culture, whereas many Asian countries are considered moderate contact.
Q:
Pierre is very organized and is Ralphs boss. Everything is entered into electronic organizers, written on calendars and color coded. Ralph is very in-tune to nature. Start times are merely suggestions; deadlines are fluid; communing with nature and enjoying the now takes priority over clocks and schedules. Pierre doesnt think Ralph takes the job seriously, and Ralph thinks Pierre is always stressed out and should relax. Their misunderstandings can be explained by ______.
a. kinesics
b. chronemics
c. olfactics
d. oculesics
Q:
Verbal communication is often called digital communication and nonverbal communication is called analogic communication.
Q:
Verbal and nonverbal language are similar in that they both have a ______.
a. formal set of grammar rules
b. formal set of syntax rule
c. set of prescribed denotative rules
d. set of culturally constructed contexts
Q:
The broad category of nonverbal communication that involves body movement is called ______.
a. oculesis
b. olfactics
c. kinesics
d. chronemics
Q:
______ is/are considered the most dynamic form of nonverbal communication.
a. Gestures
b. Eye contact
c. Regulators
d. Emblems
Q:
Their eyes met across a crowded room, and they knew they were meant for each other. It was love at first sight. This common romantic fairy tale is based on the culturally appropriate assumption that direct eye gaze is associated with ______.
a. friendliness
b. power and control
c. threat
d. magic
Q:
According to Audry Nelsons research on eye contact, women enhance their eyes more than men do in most cultures. Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Saudi men only make eye contact with Saudi women.
b. India, women place jewels around their eyes to draw attention to them.
c. In the U.S., women use eye contact more to assert status and dominance than affiliation.
d. Korean women make direct eye contact with strangers to establish affiliation.
Q:
When a speaker clears their throat or sighs, they are exhibiting paralinguistic ______.
a. voice qualities
b. vocalizations
c. linguistics
d. referents
Q:
Bobbi broke a vase after throwing a baseball inside the house. Bobbi knew it was against the rules to throw the ball inside the house but did it anyway. When Bobbis parents got home, they asked how the vase got broken. Bobbi stammered in a high-pitched voice and had trouble saying words. Bobbis inability to manage paralinguistic ______ cues signaled to the parents that Bobbi was lying.
a. voice qualities
b. vocalizations
c. linguistics
d. referents
Q:
Languages are composed of different sounds. A language that is tonal is a language that will ______.
a. change meaning as tones change
b. have consistent meanings regardless of the tone
c. consist of a monosyllabic sound
d. always sound lyrical and melodic
Q:
According to research, people who live in individualistic cultures tend to be ______ proximally.
a. close
b. synchronized
c. high
d. distant
Q:
Which of the following channels of nonverbal communication is regarded as the most primitive form of communication?
a. affect displays
b. haptics
c. proxemics
d. illustrators
Q:
Which of the following countries is considered low contact?
a. United States
b. England
c. France
d. Puerto Rico
Q:
According to research, approximately how many compounds can the average human detect by smell?
a. 100
b. 1,000
c. 10,000
d. 100,000
Q:
Some of the finest perfumes in the world contain olfactory hints of ______.
a. sweat
b. hair
c. vomit
d. urine
Q:
The evaluation of violations of nonverbal expectancies depends largely on the ______.
a. culturally learned expectancies
b. attractiveness or reward value of the violator
c. duration of the proxemics
d. duration of the chronemics
Q:
The phenomena known as the own-race bias--that is, that people recognize the faces of others of their own race better than they do the faces of others of a different race--occurs because ______.
a. people in all cultures are racists
b. when viewing cross-race faces, people focus more on the others race than on individual identity
c. people prefer to interact with people of their own race
d. people prefer to interact with people of other races
Q:
Digital communication refers to ______ communication.
a. cross-cultural
b. intercultural
c. verbal
d. nonverbal
Q:
Which of the following channels of nonverbal communication is regarded as universal across cultures?
a. affect displays
b. haptics
c. proxemics
d. illustrators
Q:
Immigrants who move to the U.S. often take English classes/lessons to help adapt and adjust. It is not unusual for new dialects of English to appear in immigrant communities. Which of the following is an example of this phenomena?
a. Spanglish
b. Ebonics
c. Chicano English
d. Hispanic English
Q:
Most linguists agree that there are different varieties of Standard English. We hear different accents and dialects in different parts of the country. We also hear different slang. These differences are often referred to language ______.
a. differences
b. categories
c. techniques
d. variety
Q:
Someone using the phrase I was a-slippin and a-slidin on the ice or The man went a-sailin is speaking ______ English.
a. Cajun
b. California
c. Appalachian
d. Texas
Q:
Which of the following terms refers to the study of communication with the perception and use of space?
a. paralanguage
b. haptics
c. proxemics
d. kinesics
Q:
Which of the following terms refers to the study of communication via touch?
a. paralanguage
b. haptics
c. proxemics
d. kinesics
Q:
A key distinction between the verbal and nonverbal systems of communication is that ______.
a. animals do not possess a verbal system of communication
b. the verbal system is based on haptics, whereas the nonverbal system is based on kinesics
c. the verbal system is based on symbols whereas the nonverbal system is signal based
d. the verbal system regulates communication whereas the nonverbal system complements communication
Q:
Emblems are primarily ______.
a. vocal characteristics of volume and pitch
b. perceptions of smell
c. hand gestures that have a direct verbal translation
d. dress artifacts
Q:
In high-context and collectivistic cultures, nonverbal greeting rituals often differ according to ______.
a. one's social status
b. perceptions of smell and haptics
c. the perception and use of gestures
d. violations of expectancies
Q:
Which of the following channels of nonverbal communication has the highest sending capacity?
a. affect displays
b. haptics
c. proxemics
d. illustrators
Q:
Linguists believe that the 4,000 to 5,000 languages spoken across the planet are more alike than they are different. This is because all languages consist of a ______.
a. systematic set of sounds
b. consistent set of meanings
c. unique set of similar sounds
d. common system of shared script
Q:
Jeremy is trying to teach their grandparent how to use a cell phone. Jeremy says You can preprogram all our cells into the electronic directory and ask Alexa to call or text any contact whenever you want. Their grandparent looked at Jeremy and said I dont understand what you said. According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, the grandparent is unable to communicate based on the principle of linguistic ______.
a. relativity
b. reflection
c. determinism
d. differentiation
Q:
Jean-Pierre was raised in France. French is a language with grammatical gendered language. According to research, because of his language system, he is likely to express ______
a. less-sexist attitudes than people raised speaking English
b. more-sexist attitudes than people raised speaking English
c. less sexist attitudes than people raised in cultures with non-grammatical gendered languages
d. no measurable difference in sexist attitudes than people raised speaking English
Q:
The syntactic features of a language influence how speakers ______.
a. verbally organize their worlds
b. grammatically structure their messages
c. fifferentiate between verb tenses
d. categorize and mentally organize their worlds
Q:
Chinese children and Norwegian children learn language at the same time in their development. Deaf and blind children learn language at the same time and rate as children with normal hearing and sight. By the age of 5 or so, children in normal learning settings begin to use complex sentences. The principle that explains this is ______
a. universality of language
b. developmental linguistic theory
c. linguistic cultural development
d. similarity of language acquisition
Q:
Cultures that favor an exacting style of communication ______.
a. prefer personalized and often exaggerated speech
b. say no more or less than is needed
c. value the use of concise talk and silence
d. are usually individualistic and high context
Q:
A contextual style of communication tends to ______.
a. amplify the individual identity of the speaker
b. accentuate and highlight ones role identity and status
c. be very direct and precise
d. include the use of personal pronouns
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes an instrumental style of communication?
a. a style where the quantity of talk is not emphasized
b. a style where the quantity of talk is accented
c. a style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain one's face
d. a style where messages are receiver and process oriented
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes an affective style of communication?
a. a style where the quantity of talk is not emphasized
b. a style where the quantity of talk is accented
c. a style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain ones face
d. a style where messages are receiver and process oriented
Q:
Which of the following statements best characterizes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
a. A persons race and language are inherently linked.
b. The language of a particular culture is innately hard-wired in the people.
c. The way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks.
d. Language is inherently symbolic.
Q:
Which of the following is the best definition of a symbol?
a. an arbitrarily selected and learned stimulus representing something else
b. an arbitrary stimulus naturally connected to its referent
c. an arbitrarily selected and learned phoneme that represents a morpheme
d. an arbitrarily selected and learned morpheme that represents a phoneme
Q:
The rules and/or grammar of a language are called its ______.
a. phonemes
b. morphemes
c. symbols
d. syntax
Q:
Which of the following statements best characterizes the concept of generative grammar?
a. From a finite set of sounds and rules, speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences.
b. From an infinite set of sounds and rules, speakers of any language can create a finite number of sentences.
c. From a finite set of sounds and rules, speakers of any language can create a finite number of sentences.
d. From an infinite set of sounds and rules, speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences.
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes a restricted code?
a. a code wherein the options are limited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally
b. a code wherein the options are unlimited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally
c. a code wherein speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate
d. a code wherein the symbol system is not generative
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes an elaborated code?
a. a code wherein the options are limited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally
b. a code wherein the options are unlimited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally
c. a code wherein speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate
d. a code wherein the symbol system is not generative
Q:
When using a direct style of communication, ______.
a. people communicate overt expressions of intention
b. people only hint at their intentions
c. true understanding is implicit and nonverbal
d. people generate more sentences
Q:
Cultures that favor a succinct style of communication ______.
a. prefer personalized and often exaggerated speech
b. say no more or less than is needed
c. value the use of concise talk and silence
d. are usually individualistic and high context
Q:
What is the fundamental tenet of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and how have contemporary linguists reacted to it?
Q:
Compare and contrast elaborated and restricted codes.
Q:
Compare and contrast direct and indirect styles of communication.
Q:
Select two U.S. dialects and explain their differences in pronunciation, grammatical structures, vocabulary, and pitch.
Q:
A direct verbal style, often seen in high-context and collectivistic cultures, is one where the speakers intentions are hidden or only hinted at during interaction.
Q:
In cultures that employ a personal style, the social context dictates word choice, especially personal pronouns.
Q:
An instrumental style of communication is receiver and process oriented.
Q:
To be able to read a Japanese newspaper, one would need to know and understand at least 2,000 basic characters.
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to Salzmann, the uniquely human way of communicating via speech shares several universal features, regardless of culture, race, and particular lexicon. Which of the following are shared features?
a. Human speech is transmitted via a verbal-kinesthetic channel.
b. Human speech is transmitted via a vocal-auditory channel.
c. Speech sounds are heard within a limited range and only during production
d. Speech is not interchangeable.
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The function of human language goes beyond communicating information. In addition to communicating the content of the message, ones language can also communicate social ______:
a. status
b. identity
c. adaptation
d. stigma
Q:
Culture, race, and language are historically distinct. A persons race does not determine what language he or she will speak.
Q:
The principle of linguistic determinism posits that the way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks.
Q:
All languages consist of a systematic set of morphemes, combined with a set of codes, for the purpose of creating meaningful phonemes.
Q:
The letters of a languages alphabet are symbols representing sounds, called phonemes. Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in a language.
Q:
Chomsky argues that all human languages share a universal grammar that is innate in the human species and culturally invariant.
Q:
Generative grammar is the idea that from a finite set of sounds and a finite set of rules, speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences.
Q:
Compare and contrast in-groups and out-groups and how they affect behavior.
Q:
In all cultures people assume roles. Discuss the relationship between roles and communication.
Q:
Choose two cultures and explain how sex and gender roles differ.
Q:
Usually, though not necessarily, voluntary membership in-groups serve as positive reference groups.
Q:
Roles prescribe with whom, about what, and how to interact with others.
Q:
Many individualistic, low-context, and small power distance cultures possess a relatively strict hierarchical role stratification.
Q:
Many individualistic, low-context, small power distance cultures profess equality and minimize role stratification.
Q:
In collectivistic cultures, familial relations are typically hierarchical and the decision-making process usually is not democratic.
Q:
One group to which every human being belongs regardless of culture is determined by biological sex.
Q:
Unlike patriarchal societies, in matriarchal cultures, the natural differences between men and women are acknowledged and respected, but they are not used to create social hierarchies.
Q:
A familial phenomenon widely practiced in Kenya is hypergamy which is when a ______.
a. woman marries a man of higher status than her
b. man marries a woman of higher status than him
c. man and woman live together without any legal connection
d. man may have more than one wife at a time
Q:
While Japanese women enjoy more freedom than they have in the past and are guaranteed equality under the law, according to researcher Kaori, the modern Japanese womans happiness is______.
a. based on her own needs and wants
b. dependent on marriage
c. tied to her familys approval
d. dependent on her career choice
Q:
In India, the socialization processes for boys and girls differ significantly. According to researcher Laungani, ______.
a. daughters are seen as a blessing because they will take care of parents when they get old
b. boys are seen as a burden because they are unruly
c. boys are seen as an economic asset
d. daughters are seen as a blessing because beauty is highly valued
Q:
In Israel, the fundamental religious group Haredi is against equal rights for women. They prescribe strict rules for how women dress and act. Boys and girls attend separate schools. Women may not have eye contact with a man who is not her husband. This is called _____.
a. Hadarat nashim
b. Haredi Law
c. Yated Neeman
d. Nashim Law
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Familial role prescriptions differ widely across cultures about family surnames. Which of the following statement are accurate descriptions?
a. In India, there are only about 200 family names that people use.
b. In South Korea and North Korea, more than half the population uses one of five family names.
c. In the United States, there are hundreds of thousands of family names.
d. In Bangladesh, surnames signify standing and position in the culture.
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to Wangs monograph, The Storm of a Divorce, husbands in China want the following from their wives:
a. 92% of them indicated that they wanted a wife who would be aggressive in her career.
b. 96% of them want a virtuous wife who would do most of the household chores.
c. 50% of them indicated they wanted to help their wives with household chores.
d. 78% of them want their wives to stay home and not have a career.
Q:
Voluntary membership groups are those to which people consciously choose to belong, including political affiliation and religion, among others.
Q:
An out-group is a group whose attributes are dissimilar from those of the in-group, or that opposes the accomplishment of the in-groups goals.