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Communication
Q:
Many German corporations concentrate on ______.
a. diversification
b. specialization
c. utilization
d. simplification
Q:
Most intercultural conflict involves a certain degree of ethnocentric perceptions and judgments.
Q:
Collectivists tend to prefer other-face strategies such as avoiding the conflict, seeking a third party, or giving in to the other.
Q:
Briefly discuss the fundamental components of the Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory.
Q:
Briefly discuss Broomes model of building a culture of peace through dialogue.
Q:
Face refers to a persons sense of favorable self-worth or self-image experienced during communicative situations.
Q:
To the collectivist, conflict is closely related to the goals or outcomes. Conflict is end oriented, in that the collectivist seeks to achieve something.
Q:
The person who tries to balance both self-face and other-face needs takes on an accommodating style.
Q:
Facework refers to the communicative strategies employed to manage ones own face or to support or challenge anothers face.
Q:
Research has shown that collectivists tend to prefer facework behaviors that defend the self-face or confront the other.
Q:
In Kims model of intercultural conflict, the macro- or societal level of intercultural conflict includes factors that probably are out of the control of the interactants.
Q:
According to Benjamin Broome, conflict is unavoidable when culturally diverse people live together. He argues that successful intercultural conflict resolution requires that people ______.
a. regularly engage in debates
b. persuade others to see their point of view and accept other viewpoints
c. engage in dialogue and promote a culture of peace
d. work toward compromise and consensus
Q:
Rob has a small group project due in one of his classes. The group is very diverse, and they have had problems making decisions and moving forward with the project. Rob got mad and stormed out of the meeting. When Robs partner asked about the meeting, Rob said Its so bad. We have no plan of action. We have no goals established. People wont confront each other. They just sit there. Rob is exhibiting the behavior of a/an ______.
a. individualist
b. collectivist
c. negotiator
d. processor
Q:
Lucy and Lee have just moved to the U.S. and have joined a sales team at a large, successful company. The sales meetings are often very loud. People argue with each other and are very competitive. Winning salespeople make fun of the losers. At the end of the meetings, they often all go out and enjoy an evening of food and fun. Lucy and Lee are very uncomfortable and dont understand how people can have conflict with someone and then socialize with them. Lucy and Lee come from a ______ culture.
a. blended context
b. low context
c. high context
d. faced based
Q:
Jim and Akira must decide whether write a paper or give a presentation for their final project. Akira would prefer to write a paper. Jim would prefer to give a presentation. According to the contingency model, they should resolve their conflict by ______.
a. flipping a coin
b. talking to their professor
c. asking a friend to help them resolve the conflict
d. negotiating
Q:
Morgan is studying abroad for a semester and is working in a restaurant. It is a small space, and it is always busy. People are always pushing, shoving, and touching each other. Morgan is very uncomfortable, and feels the behavior is borderline sexual harassment. No one else is bothered by the behavior. Applying the contingency model, the urgency is relatively high, the intensity is low, and her influence is low. Morgan should ______.
a. accommodate the other employees and engage in the high-contact behaviors
b. accept the behaviors of the other employees and continue to try and avoid high-contact behaviors
c. quit and find another place to work
d. confront the other employees and refrain from contact
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are part of the microlevel of Kims model of intercultural conflict?
a. cognitive simplicity/rigidity
b. outgroup bias
c. insecurity/frustration
d. dialectal differences
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Ting-Toomey and Oetzel developed a culture-based social ecological conflict model. It includes ______.
a. situational appraisals
b. conflict processes
c. microcultural group strength
d. contextual tension
Q:
Individualists become frustrated during conflict when their counterparts are unwilling to address the conflict openly and honestly.
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Nonconfrontational Styles preferred by high-context cultures include which of the following strategies?
a. confronting the issue
b. using silence
c. accommodating the other
d. glossing over differences
Q:
Kara and Kevin come from different cultures and must work together in a small office space. Even though they have different work patterns and communication styles, they have achieved shared meaning about the behavior in their space. According to a culture-based social ecological conflict model, they have managed to fulfill the ______ conflict competence criteria.
a. Productivity/satisfaction
b. Principled ethics
c. Conflict comparison
d. Effectiveness/appropriateness
Q:
A dominating communication conflict style is associated with a ______ self-face concern and a ______ other-face concern.
a. high; low
b. high; high
c. low; low
d. low; high
Q:
An avoiding communication conflict style is associated with a ______ self-face concern and a ______ other-face concern.
a. high; low
b. high; high
c. low; low
d. low; high
Q:
An integrating communication conflict style is associated with a ______ self-face concern and a ______ other-face concern.
a. high; low
b. high; high
c. low; low
d. low; high
Q:
An obliging communication conflict style is associated with a ______ self-face concern and a ______ other-face concern.
a. high; low
b. high; high
c. low; low
d. low; high
Q:
Persons in low-context cultures, in general, prefer ______ communication about the conflict.
a. direct
b. indirect
c. self-face
d. other-face
Q:
According to Ting-Toomey and Oetzel, intercultural conflict involves both ______.
a. Global perception and self-perception
b. Cultural awareness and understanding
c. Ethnocentric perception and judgment
d. Ecological knowledge and opinion
Q:
Religious institutions, governments, and health care systems are often environments where intercultural conflict occurs. These are examples of ______ factors.
a. exo
b. macro-level
c. meso-level
d. micro-level
Q:
How does intercultural communication apprehension (ICA) affect the uncertainty reduction process?
Q:
Describe the essential differences in relationships in Eastern and Western cultures.
Q:
How might ones sociocommunicative style affect the uncertainty reduction process?
Q:
The intermediary level of Kims model of intercultural conflict refers to ______.
a. defined outside cultural mediators
b. the actual location and context of the conflict
c. the status of the interactants involved
d. the implementation of cultural negotiators
Q:
Which of the following best defines facework?
a. the communicative strategies employed to manage ones own face or to support or challenge anothers face
b. the communicative strategies employed to attack an opponents dominant communication style
c. the communicative strategies employed to attack an opponents integrating style
d. the communicative strategies employed to define ones face
Q:
Ones conflict interaction style is based on which two communication dimensions?
a. integrating and accommodating
b. avoiding and dominating
c. self-face need and other-face need
d. mutual face-need and interface-need
Q:
During intercultural conflict, in general, individualists tend to use more ______ than collectivists.
a. dominating styles
b. integrative strategies
c. avoiding styles
d. obliging styles
Q:
During intercultural conflict, in general, collectivists tend to use more ______ styles than individualists.
a. integrating
b. dominating
c. accommodating
d. confrontational
Q:
Social media users in Mexico use Facebook more than any other social media site.
Q:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to Dholakias research on arranged marriages, the divorce rate in India is about 1 in 100. It is one of the lowest divorce rates in the world. Dholakia also reported that India has one of the highest levels of marital satisfaction reported. He argues that these results are because ______.
a. People whom the potential brides and grooms respect and trust arrange the marriages.
b. The speed with which one must decide whether or not to marry does not leave much time for careful thinking or comparisons.
c. The bride and groom do not know each other well, so their expectations are low
d. The decision-making process, which is more complicated than non-arranged marriages, is done primarily by family and friends.
Q:
According to uncertainty reduction theory, when strangers first meet, their primary goal is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability in their own and the other persons behavior.
Q:
To reduce uncertainty, during initial interaction persons, from low-context cultures tend to ask a lot of questions.
Q:
Responsiveness refers to ones ability to make requests; actively disagree; initiate, sustain, and terminate conversations.
Q:
Assertiveness refers to ones ability to be sensitive to the communication of others, be a good listener, and engage in comforting communication.
Q:
The model of relational empathy is based on the idea that whenever two people come together and interact, they create a third culture of shared meaning and relational empathy.
Q:
Perceived similarity, sometimes called perceived homophily, is perhaps the most dominant force in our motivations to approach and interact with others.
Q:
Approximately two thirds of interracial marriages end in divorce, compared with 40% to 50% for all marriages.
Q:
Overall, the relational maintenance behaviors reported by gay and lesbian couples are quite different than those reported by heterosexual couples.
Q:
The most common type of marriage practice in most Western industrialized nations is ______.
a. polygamy
b. polygyny
c. monogamy
d. polyandry
Q:
Until 1967, marriage or cohabitations between a black person and a white person in the was still illegal in some parts of the U.S. These were called ______ laws.
a. anti-miscegenation
b. interracial discrimination
c. interracial marriage
d. anti-cohabitation
Q:
Reiter and Gees research on relational maintenance defines ______ communication as a maintenance behavior that includes self-disclosure but also includes a lack of topic avoidance.
a. relational
b. open
c. developmental
d. full
Q:
One of the primary tools people use to connect with others is the internet. As of the first quarter of 2019, Facebook had ______ users.
a. 500 million
b. 1.5 billion
c. 2.4 billion
d. 5 billion
Q:
Studies have shown that different groups use different strategies in self-presentation constructions on Facebook. Grasmuck and colleagues concluded that ______.
a. African Americans and Latino students project a visual self that is dramatically social.
b. White and Vietnamese students use direct about-me narrations more than any other groups.
c. Indian students rarely convey a sense of group belonging.
d. Vietnamese students almost always signal ethno-racial themes.
Q:
According to Gudykunst and Nishidas Axioms, ______ refers to nonverbal behaviors that reduce the physiological and psychological distance between interactants.
a. nonverbal affiliative expressiveness
b. verbal affiliative expressiveness
c. nonverbal predictive expression
d. situational expression
Q:
Andrew and Yang are having a conversation. Andrew asks several information seeking questions. In addition, Andrew leans forward and makes direct eye contact. Yangs responses are very brief, and Yang uses silence to communicate. Yang also avoids eye contact. Andrew is engaging in uncertainty reduction for a ______ context person.
a. high
b. low
c. blended
d. language
Q:
Susie and Hannah are roommates. They both come from very different cultures. They were nervous about living together. They communicated a few times before arriving on campus. When they started to unpack, they realized they both liked the same musicians. The first weekend on campus, they went out to dinner and found out they both liked sushi. After living together for a few weeks, they became good friends. Berger and Calabrese would explain this by arguing that as ______.
a. uncertainty increases, liking increases
b. reciprocity decreases, familiarity increases
c. similarity increases, uncertainty decreases
d. dissimilarity increases, uncertainty decreases.
Q:
According to Gudykunsts Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory, too little uncertainty and too much predictability ______.
a. is what we want in a relationship.
b. is the best way to manage our difficult relationships
c. can make us feel more confident and secure in our relationships.
d. can lead to dull, monotonous and uninteresting communication.
Q:
______ acts as a perceptual filter that affects not only the perceptions of verbal and nonverbal messages but also perceptions of their source.
a. Situatedness
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Managed Mindfulness
d. Egocentric Perception
Q:
The two communication dimensions of sociocommunicative style include ______.
a. assertiveness and responsiveness
b. similarity and reciprocity
c. similarity and responsiveness
d. assertiveness and reciprocity
Q:
The model of relational empathy assumes that ______.
a. people should develop empathic listening skills
b. similarity is key in developing empathy
c. interactants can accurately infer another's thoughts or feelings
d. whenever two people come together and interact, they create a third culture
Q:
Byrne's fundamental postulate is that attitude similarity leads to ______.
a. positive affect, which in turn leads to attraction
b. uncertainty reduction
c. intercultural communication competence
d. intercultural communication apprehension
Q:
The fundamental theme of Confucianism is that ______.
a. individuals participate in relationships to maximize their own self-interests
b. proper relationships form the cornerstone of society
c. individuals have maximum levels of tolerance
d. individuals have minimum levels of tolerance
Q:
According to confucianism, an individual's conduct in society should be guided by which four principles?
a. tolerance, competence, reduced uncertainty, and similarity
b. reciprocity, responsiveness, assertiveness, and similarity
c. humanism, faithfulness, propriety, and wisdom
d. relational empathy, wisdom, communication, and affiliativeness
Q:
A major difference between Eastern and Western relationships is that ______ cultures engage in ______ reciprocity.
a. Eastern; long-term and asymmetrical
b. Western; long-term and asymmetrical
c. Eastern; short-term and symmetrical
d. Eastern; contractual
Q:
Across cultures, which of the following is generally the most preferred characteristic in a mate?
a. similar religious background
b. physically attractive
c. kindness and understanding
d. good earning capacity
Q:
Many East Asian cultures practice particularismthat is, ______.
a. the belief that particular or unique rules and guidelines apply to each individual relationship
b. where interactants try to treat others as equally as possible, regardless of status or intimacy level of the partners
c. the practice of initiating interaction with persons of similar backgrounds
d. the practice of initiating interaction with persons of diverse backgrounds
Q:
Which of the following strategies is most likely to be used by a person from a high-context culture when trying to reduce uncertainty?
a. ask a lot of questions
b. focus on the other's social background
c. engage in direct eye contact
d. engage a variety of verbal strategies
Q:
Which of the following is associated with increased uncertainty?
a. minimum tolerance
b. maximum tolerance
c. increased anxiety
d. decreased anxiety
Q:
Violations of our nonverbal expectancies (i.e., someone standing too close) trigger arousal.
Q:
Persons in large power distance cultures are generally less aware of their vocalics (e.g., volume, intensity) than are persons in small power distance cultures.
Q:
Research indicates that by 6 months of age, babies in all cultures begin to use gestures to communicate to their parents.
Q:
Often, paralinguistic qualities, vocalizations, and nonfluencies reveal a speakers emotional state or veracity.
Q:
Nonverbal communication is considered analogic communication.
Q:
Compare and contrast verbal and nonverbal codes; how are they similar and different?
Q:
Define kinesics and provide examples of kinesic behavior across cultures.
Q:
Defend or refute the idea that persons of different races all look alike.
Q:
Which of the following statements best represents the fundamental assumption of uncertainty reduction theory?
a. When strangers first meet, their primary goal is to reduce anxiety and increase the uncertainty about the behavior of themselves and the other person.
b. When strangers first meet, their primary goal is to engage in nonverbal affiliative expressiveness and reciprocity about the behavior of themselves and the other person.
c. When strangers first meet, their primary goal is to increase their sociocommunicative orientation.
d. When strangers first meet, their primary goal is to reduce uncertainty and increase the predictability about the behavior of themselves and the other person.
Q:
Proxemics includes the study of gestures, hand and arm movements, leg movements, facial expressions, eye gaze and blinking, and stance or posture.
Q:
Researchers believe that some facial expressions of emotion are universal.
Q:
In many Asian cultures, such as South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan, direct eye contact is prohibited between persons of differing status.
Q:
Nonnative accents are associated with a wide range of negative stereotypes, including perceptions that the people who speak them are less intelligent, less loyal, less competent, and lower in social status.
Q:
Privacy in densely populated locations is often accomplished affectively rather than physiologically.