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Communication
Q:
Emotional skills training, or "sensitivity training" as it is sometimes called, helps people recognize, understand, and manage emotions in complex social environments like the workplace or the military. Imagine that you are asked to give one of these presentations to your coworkers. Create a short summary of how you would approach this topic and what you would include in your presentation. Using skills you've learned in this chapter, suggest at least two techniques each for helping people recognize, understand, and effectively manage their emotions in the workplace.
Q:
Uncertainty reduction theory suggests that people get to know each other if they believe the effort will be worth it.
Q:
According to equity theory, it's better to be equally benefited than to be overbenefited.
Q:
Just because friendship is voluntary, that doesn't mean we choose our friends arbitrarily.
Q:
Friendship rules are almost always explicit, rather than implicit.
Q:
In the service of social harmony, politeness often discourages the expression of negative emotions (even if they are felt) and encourages the expression of positive emotions (even if they aren't felt). In what ways is this good for the individual and/or the society? In what ways is it bad? Using what you know about emotion, make a case for and a case against politeness (as it relates to emotional expression).
Q:
We use the terms positive and negative when referring to an emotion's valence, but even negative emotions can be useful. According to some researchers, in fact, every emotion is useful to us in some way. Using what you know, explain why the emotions of sadness, anger, disgust, and jealousy can actually be good for us, even though we experience these emotions as negative.
Q:
In a brief essay, discuss the relative importance of sex and gender in the way that people experience and express their emotions. Provide clear, reasoned arguments and use concrete examples to illustrate the points that you are trying to make.
Q:
Emotional skills training, or "sensitivity training" as it is sometimes called, helps people recognize, understand, and manage emotions in complex social environments like the workplace or the military. Imagine that you are asked to give one of these presentations to your coworkers. Create a short summary of how you would approach this topic and what you would include in your presentation. Using skills you've learned in this chapter, suggest at least two techniques each for helping people recognize, understand, and effectively manage their emotions in the workplace.
Q:
In every measurable way, women are more emotional than men.
Q:
Using concrete examples, briefly explain how emotions are physiological, cognitive, social, and behavioral experiences.
Q:
Compare and contrast a) jealousy and envy; b) liking and love; and c) sadness and depression.
Q:
Explain and provide a concrete example of meta-emotion.
Q:
Define and give examples of Ekman and Friesen's five display rules.
Q:
Using a concrete example, describe the process of emotional reappraisal and indicate its potential benefits.
Q:
Cultural norms (including those of co-cultures) can be a powerful influence over what is considered proper or improper in the display of emotion. Begin by discussing ways in which cultures appear to be the same in the way they express emotions. Next, talk about some of these cultural differences. Finally, generate at least two pieces of advice you would give to someone about understanding and respecting cultural variation in the expression of emotion.
Q:
Identify and briefly define each of the five stages of grief.
Q:
People raised in collectivistic cultures typically express more negative emotion to outsiders than do people raised in individualistic cultures.
Q:
Women are more likely than men to respond to jealousy by trying to make their partners jealous.
Q:
The emotional contagion effect applies only to positive emotions, such as happiness.
Q:
Denying and suppressing felt emotions can contribute to a number of health problems.
Q:
People who can accurately identify which emotion they're feeling are best equipped to manage their emotions in productive ways.
Q:
Emotions generally last longer than moods.
Q:
Remorse is a secondary emotion composed of disgust and fear.
Q:
Whereas sadness is an emotion, depression is an illness.
Q:
Social anxiety is a rare and serious psychological disorder.
Q:
Soldiers decline treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder primarily because:
A. they feel confused about having the condition
B. they feel fear that their comrades will stigmatize them
C. they feel ashamed of being a soldier
D. they fear the doctors and medical personnel who might treat them
Q:
This display rule involves acting as though you're indifferent or emotionless when you are actually experiencing an emotion:
A. de-intensification
B. inhibition
C. simulation
D. masking
Q:
Which of the following statements about communication technology is true?
A. People cannot experience genuine emotion caused by a technological device.
B. Social networking sites such as Facebook diminish people's capacity for emotion.
C. Online support communities are a viable option for helping people deal with a difficult situation.
D. The use of emoticons does not accurately convey emotion in computer-mediated communication.
Q:
When one member of a group spreads his or her emotional state to the others, ___________ has taken place.
A. emotional expressiveness
B. a sympathetic emotional response
C. emotional synchrony
D. emotional contagion
Q:
According to your text, women are more likely than men to experience:
A. emotional jealousy
B. anger
C. surprise
D. contempt
Q:
In the expression of emotion, androgynous people:
A. are more emotionally expressive than highly feminine people
B. are more emotionally expressive than highly masculine people
C. express more emotions like passion and joy
D. express less emotion than either masculine or feminine individuals
Q:
People who score highly on this personality trait are more likely than others to experience anger, guilt, anxiety, and depression:
A. extroversion
B. psychoticism
C. neuroticism
D. agreeableness
Q:
_______________ is a condition in which people lack the ability to understand, describe, and process emotions.
A. neuroticism
B. emotional processing deficit disorder
C. emotional underexpression
D. alexithymia
Q:
This process involves changing the way you think about the situation that gave rise to a negative emotion:
A. emotional contagion
B. emotional reappraisal
C. emotional intelligence
D. alexithymia
Q:
Using you-statements to describe your emotions is problematic because:
A. it provides specific prescriptions for change
B. it fails to acknowledge the part you play in determining your feelings
C. it involves blaming yourself for your emotions
D. it doesn't allow you to separate emotions from actions
Q:
Social practices and messages influence both the emotions we feel and the ways in which we react to emotions.
Q:
Which of the following statements about cultural displays of emotion is NOT true?
A. After contact with Western cultures, pre-literate cultures tend to adopt Western display rules.
B. There is little cultural variation in the way that people express primary emotions.
C. There is some cultural variation in the way that cultures define primary emotions.
D. Emotional display rules are likely to be directly affected by biological structures.
Q:
Hancock's study of emotional contagion online found all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Sad participants produced more words than non-sad participants.
B. Partners of sad participants felt sad themselves.
C. Sad participants communicated in a more depressed manner.
D. Sad participants exchanged their messages at a slower rate than non-sad participants.
Q:
During a counseling session with his wife, Edith, Harris frequently rolled his eyes, made rude and condescending remarks, and openly mocked Edith in front of their counselor. Harris's emotional state could best be described as:
A. hostile
B. arrogant
C. contemptuous
D. disrespectful
Q:
Regarding the relationship between jealousy and envy, which of the following is true?
A. Jealousy is focused on material things, whereas envy is focused on relationships.
B. Envy involves wanting something that another person has.
C. Jealousy is a primary emotion; envy is a secondary emotion.
D. Envy and jealousy are the same emotion.
Q:
Your text described five stages in the grieving process. Which of the following was not among them?
A. depression
B. retribution
C. bargaining
D. anger
Q:
All of the following statements about the amygdala are true EXCEPT:
A. The amygdala is a small cluster of neurons in the spinal cord.
B. In response to fear, the amygdala causes our heart and breathing rates to increase.
C. The amygdala responds to several primary emotions.
D. The amygdala causes stress hormone levels to rise when we feel afraid.
Q:
During a normal, calm conversation with your friend, you begin to notice that you feel very uncomfortable. Your stomach is in knots, your palms are sweaty, and your legs feel a little weak. You start to wonder what is going on and then you remember that, before talking to your friend, you were nervous because you have a test in an hour. This example illustrates the fact that:
A. emotions are behavioral
B. emotions are cognitive
C. emotions are physiological
D. none of these
Q:
The action tendency for this emotion is to hide or disappear from others:
A. anger
B. disgust
C. shame
D. fear
Q:
Which of the following emotions has a neutral valence?
A. surprise
B. happiness
C. contentment
D. positivity
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a primary emotion?
A. jealousy
B. anger
C. contempt
D. remorse
Q:
Imagine that a close friend of yours just found out that his or her mother has died. How would you respond empathically to your friend's needs? Specifically, what communication behaviors would you try to incorporate into your actions with this person? What communication behaviors would you avoid?
Q:
A multi-dimensional response to any event that enhances or inhibits your goals is know as a(n):
A. communicative response
B. feeling
C. emotion
D. action tendency
Q:
How are emotions and moods different?
A. Emotions are relatively enduring whereas moods are short lived.
B. Emotions have an identifiable cause whereas moods do not.
C. Emotions are specific feelings whereas moods are more general.
D. Emotions affect communication but moods do not.
Q:
This emotion involves feelings of joy and surprise, along with experiences of excitement and attraction for another person:
A. liking
B. love
C. attachment
D. passion
Q:
Pick three of the six elements of Brownell's model. Define and give examples of each.
Q:
Which of the following emotions is derived from the product of your overall evaluation of another person?
A. liking
B. love
C. interest
D. affection
Q:
__________ is the emotion we experience when we feel we have been wronged in some way.
A. disgust
B. jealousy
C. anger
D. contempt
Q:
Advertising campaigns often make exaggerated or untrue claims and hope that at least some consumers will believe them. Think of an advertisement you have seen or heard lately that makes claims that are likely exaggerated or simply untrue. Describe the advertisement and highlight the suspect claim(s). Next, using at least three of the ideas presented in the text and/or class, discuss techniques of better listening that would keep the average consumer from falling for this advertisement. Make sure to refer to how the advertisement takes advantage of these techniques.
Q:
Imagine that you are a skills trainer for a local community center and you've been asked to give a talk to troubled couples about the importance of listening. In order to help these couples, you decide to focus your presentation on several barriers to effective listening. Pick at least three of the barriers identified in your textbook. For each, define the listening barrier, come up with an example of the behavior that is appropriate for your audience, and then suggest at least two ways that these couples can avoid the problems associated with that barrier in their relationships.
Q:
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
Q:
What is information overload? Where does it come from and how can it be avoided?
Q:
How are men and women different in the information they attend to while listening?
Q:
Explain the concept of probability. Using concrete examples, illustrate what possibility, probability, and certainty are.
Q:
Your textbook talks about a number of studies that have consistently shown that the majority of people tend to think they are very good listeners. Take a minute to honestly evaluate your own listening skills. What listening habits have you developed that make you a good listener? What are things you could improve on to become a better listener? Are the strengths or challenges you presented confined to a certain social or relational context (e.g., work, school, familial relationships, romantic relationships)?
Q:
Which kind of listener (people-oriented, action-oriented, content-oriented, or time-oriented) are you? In your answer, explain what your listening style means and give examples from your own life that illustrate how that style fits you best. If you feel you are a blend of two styles, illustrate how.
Q:
Your text discusses the confirmation bias as a barrier to effective informational listening, but it can actually be a barrier to critical and empathic listening as well. Explain what the confirmation bias is, and then use concrete examples to illustrate how it can impair each type of listening: informational, critical, and empathic.
Q:
46. Advertising campaigns often make exaggerated or untrue claims and hope that at least some consumers will believe them. Think of an advertisement you have seen or heard lately that makes claims that are likely exaggerated or simply untrue. Describe the advertisement and highlight the suspect claim(s). Next, using at least three of the ideas presented in the text and/or class, discuss techniques of better listening that would keep the average consumer from falling for this advertisement. Make sure to refer to how the advertisement takes advantage of these techniques.
Q:
Information overload can impair our ability to listen effectively.
Q:
The average person speaks less than 150 words per minute.
Q:
Research shows that most interruptions are competitive.
Q:
The vividness effect is the tendency of dramatic, shocking events to distort our perceptions of reality.
Q:
Listening non-judgmentally is important for effective critical listening.
Q:
Using concrete examples, compare and contrast hearing and listening.
Q:
Define critical listening and note how it is similar to, and different than, informational listening.
Q:
Critical listening is more passive than informational listening.
Q:
Empathic listening means feeling sorry for someone else.
Q:
The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports our values and beliefs is called what?
A. vividness effect
B. mere exposure effect
C. valuation bias
D. confirmation bias
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about being skeptical?
A. It is the same as being cynical.
B. It is about evaluating the evidence for a claim.
C. Being skeptical is about finding fault with a claim.
D. It harms a listener's credibility.
Q:
Which of the following statements about credibility is NOT true?
A. Credibility is a measure of how reliable and trustworthy someone is.
B. Experience and expertise are the same thing.
C. Biases can affect a speaker's credibility.
D. Sometimes research is necessary to determine someone's credibility.
Q:
Regarding probability, which of the following statements is true?
A. A statement is certain if its likelihood of being true is at least 95%.
B. To be possible, a statement has to have greater than a 50% chance of being true.
C. A statement is possible if there is even the slightest chance, however small, that it might be true.
D. No statement has a 0% chance of being true.
Q:
Which of the following techniques will NOT help people improve their empathic skills?
A. listening non-judgmentally to the speaker
B. acknowledging the speaker's feelings
C. encouraging the speaker to focus on what he or she still has, instead of what was lost
D. communicating support to the speaker nonverbally
Q:
Hearing is a passive process; listening is an active process.
Q:
Research indicates that most people spend more time talking than listening.