Q&A Hero

Q: A global study completed on adolescents aged ten to fourteen from fifteen countries found unequal gender expectations and stereotypes for boys and girls. a. True b. False

Q: What is the term for norms that dictate when, where, and how to manage emotions appropriately? a. Display rules b. Attributional complexity c. Intercultural communication d. Accommodation

Q: Individuals who are born with an atypical combination of features that usually distinguish male from female are classified as a. intersex. b. transgender. c. intersectional. d. gender fluid.

Q: What is the basis of exclusionary "-isms," such as racism, sexism, and ageism? a. outgrouping b. benevolent prejudice c. hostile prejudice d. stereotyping

Q: Unique cultures that co-exist within a dominant cultural sphere are called a. low-context cultures. b. co-cultures. c. collectivist cultures. d. high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures.

Q: Portia, who lives in the United States, wears her hair short and dresses in nothing but baggy jeans and T-shirts. She does not pluck her eyebrows or shave her legs or armpits. Portia has chosen to reject or ignore (the) a. gender identity. b. intersectionality. c. gender roles. d. gender continuum.

Q: In Kashvi's culture, admiring something a person owns implies that you would like to have that thing. Patricia, Kashvi's classmate, knows this and has learned that if she expresses interest in Kashvi's jewelry, Kashvi will give the item of jewelry to Patricia. Kashvi has already given Patricia three bracelets, and now Patricia expresses interest in a fourth bracelet in the hope that Kashvi will give it to her, too. What component of intercultural competence is Patricia lacking? a. Aappropriateness b. Effectiveness c. Ethics d. Behavioral flexibility

Q: The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from your senses is a. critical self-reflection. b. perception. c. attribution. d. algebraic impression.

Q: Which term encompasses the social, psychological, and behavioral attributes a culture associates with your biological sex? a. Gender b. Gender identity c. Gender continuum d. Gender polarization

Q: The shared expectations of a society for behaviors that are deemed appropriate for girls/women or boys/men are called (a) a. gender identity. b. intersectionality. c. gender roles. d. gender continuum.

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered to be an influence on the self? a. Face b. Culture c. Family d. Gender

Q: Forming impressions by categorizing people into social groups and evaluating them based on information you have about their groups is called (the) a. stereotyping. b. self-serving bias. c. actor-observer effect. d. fundamental attribution error.

Q: The horn effect occurs when you make negative attributions about someone for whom you have already formed a negative Gestalt. a. True b. False

Q: Your girlfriend just received a notice from the IRS for not paying her federal taxes, and you assume it was just an honest mistake. What tendency are you exhibiting? a. Halo effect b. Fundamental attribution error c. Perception-checking d. Actor-observer effect

Q: The composite of your self-awareness, self-concept, and self-esteem is called a. self. b. social comparison. c. perception. d. attribution.

Q: In which stage of the perception process do you assign meaning to information you have selected? a. Attribution b. Interpretation c. Impression d. Organization

Q: During what type of interactions is the actor-observer effect is most prevalent? a. Successful interactions b. Unpleasant interactions c. Competitive interactions d. Supportive interactions

Q: When you focus your attention on specific stimuli found in your environment, you are engaging in (the) a. actor-observer effect. b. fundamental attribution error. c. selection. d. perception.

Q: Losing face can cause shame, humiliation, and sadnessall components of (the) a. embarrassment. b. horn effect. c. self-esteem. d. self-awareness.

Q: Which of these is a general impression of someone that is positive or negative? a. Face b. Gestalt c. Mask d. Empathy

Q: Your evaluations of yourself and others (whether positive or negative) are called a. attitudes. b. values. c. beliefs. d. personal constructs.

Q: Which of these suggests that your self-esteem is determined by how you compare to your ideal self and ought self? a. Algebraic impression b. Self-Discrepancy Theory c. Perception-checking d. Self-Verification Theory

Q: Critical self-reflection is a comprehensive process involving all of the following steps EXCEPT a. thinking about what you are feeling. b. asking yourself why you are thinking the way you are. c. thinking about how others see you. d. asking yourself how you are communicating.

Q: Your overall evaluation of your self is called a. self-esteem. b. self-concept. c. self-awareness. d. self-reflection.

Q: Which of these refers to your ability to perceive yourself as a unique person and to reflect upon your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors? a. Self-concept b. Self-esteem c. Self-awareness d. Self-comparison

Q: After reading that your favorite singer has been fighting, drinking, and antagonizing the media, you allow this negative information to overshadow your positive impressions. This an example of (the) a. halo effect. b. algebraic impressions. c. horn effect. d. actor-observer effect.

Q: Which is a public self that is designed to hide your private self? a. Gestalt b. Mask c. Algebraic impression d. Face

Q: Your friend who says "I think it is wrong to wear fur or leather" is expressing a(n) a. attitude. b. belief. c. value. d. personal construct.

Q: The tendency to dismiss the significance of negative behavior based on the positive Gestalt you have formed for an individual is called (the) a. halo effect. b. self-serving bias. c. actor-observer effect. d. horn effect.

Q: Explanations of behavior based on internal and external factors are called (the) a. impressions. b. actor-observer effect. c. attributions. d. critical self-reflection.

Q: Convictions that an individual holds to be true are a. attitudes. b. beliefs. c. values. d. personal constructs.

Q: Forming attributions is the process of a. assigning meaning and understanding to others' behavior. b. creating mental structures that define characteristics. c. evaluating stimuli that attract your attention. d. engaging in critical self-reflection.

Q: Culture can include a. gender. b. sexual orientation. c. religion. d. All of the options are correct.

Q: According to Self-Verification Theory, people a. are more likely to associate only with those who provide positive self-concept support. b. avoid those who provide negative self-concept support. c. select those who most accurately support their self-concept. d. prefer to associate with others who have the same sexual orientation.

Q: The positive self you actively create and present through your communication is called (the) a. actor-observer effect. b. self-serving bias. c. selection. d. face.

Q: The halo effect occurs when you make positive attributions about someone for whom you have already formed a positive Gestalt. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these is a type of self-awareness that focuses on evaluating and improving your communication? a. Attribution b. Social comparison c. Perception d. Critical self-reflection

Q: The tendency to assign external causes for your own individual behavior is called the a. self-serving bias. b. fundamental attribution error. c. actor-observer effect. d. algebraic impression.

Q: A culture that values personal objectives over group or societal goals a. is individualistic. b. is collectivistic. c. exhibits Gestalts. d. emphasizes self-reflection.

Q: Henry just found out that his best friend, Jay, is getting divorced. Having recently been through a divorce himself, Henry can understand how Jay is feeling and offers to listen if Jay wants to talk. Henry is demonstrating a. empathy. b. perception-checking. c. sympathy. d. selflessness.

Q: Which of these is a method of communicating more competently that involves perspective-taking and feeling concern for how other people are feeling? a. Empathy b. Halo effect c. Gestalt d. Algebraic impression

Q: A culture that values the group or society over individual goals is a. individualistic. b. collectivistic. c. a Gestalt. d. self-aware.

Q: The word empathy comes from the Greek word meaning a. "drawing out of." b. "sensing pain." c. "experiencing suffering." d. "feeling into."

Q: Which is the term for analyzing the positive and negative things you learn about someone to calculate an overall impression, then updating this impression as you learn new information? a. Gestalts b. Perception-checking c. Actor-observer effect d. Algebraic impressions

Q: Which of these is a mental construct that expresses enduring principles of what is good or bad and right or wrong? a. Attitude b. Value c. Belief d. Mask

Q: Explain, define, and provide an example of the components of self-concept.

Q: Describe the three steps in the perception process.

Q: Which types of information are weighted more heavily when forming algebraic impressions?

Q: What are the three components of the self-concept?

Q: What are the three steps in the perception process?

Q: Briefly explain the difference between a face and a mask.

Q: What is empathy and what are its components?

Q: What is the difference between a face and a mask?

Q: Compare and contrast individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

Q: Discuss how you can improve your self-esteem.

Q: Algebraic impressions are quick first impressions about the people you meet. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these asserts that you are more likely to choose friends who provide support for your self-concept? a. Halo effect b. Self-Discrepancy Theory c. Perception-checking d. Self-Verification Theory

Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of self? a. Self-awareness b. Self-esteem c. Self-concept d. Self-reflection

Q: Stereotyping can only result in negative generalizations about other groups. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these influences your self-concept? a. Family b. Culture c. Significant others d. All of the options are correct.

Q: In which stage of the perception process do you tailor information and stimuli into coherent, meaningful patterns? a. Organization b. Selection c. Interpretation d. Impression

Q: The beliefs, attitudes, and values you have about yourself come together to create your a. self-concept. b. self-esteem. c. self-awareness. d. self-reflection.

Q: If you are winning at a blackjack table and explain to the other players that you have a knack for numbers, what perceptual error are you exhibiting? a. Self-serving bias b. Fundamental attribution error c. External attribution d. Halo effect

Q: What type of message should you avoid when expressing empathy? a. "I care." b. "I'm here." c. "I know." d. "I feel terrible."

Q: A useful method for testing your impressions in order to avoid errors in judgment is a. algebraic impressions. b. attributions. c. perception-checking. d. the actor-observer effect.

Q: Which statement reflects the notion that your self-concept is influenced by the labels that others have of you? a. "My brother always says Im not as smart as he is." b. "I am a student, worker, and son." c. "My grades have always been good." d. "I am a happy, extroverted person."

Q: What does it mean when we say "communication is irreversible"?

Q: Identify and describe the five components of the definition of communication.

Q: List three examples of communication modalities.

Q: Identify the four types of communication.

Q: What are the three primary objectives of public speaking, according to Cicero?

Q: Communication that is appropriate, effective, and ethical is considered a. competent. b. interactive. c. mediated. d. public.

Q: Which model of communication recognizes the multidirectional, complex nature of communication? a. Transactional b. Action c. Linear d. Interactive

Q: Which communication model demonstrates communication as a one-way process from start to finish? a. Transactional b. Interactive c. Instrumental d. Linear

Q: The process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media is a. fields of experience. b. communication. c. interaction. d. feedback.

Q: The translation of communication knowledge into repeatable behaviors produces a. communication skills. b. interaction. c. fields of experience. d. communication competence.

Q: Which type of communication has the FEWEST participants? a. Public b. Small group c. Mediated d. Interpersonal

Q: Both the linear and interactive communication models a. conceptualize communication as multidirectional. b. show that both senders and receivers influence communication equally. c. suggest that all parties communicate collaboratively. d. describe senders as active and receivers as passive.

Q: The attitudes, values, beliefs, and experiences a participant brings to a communication event are called a. contexts. b. modalities. c. fields of experience. d. channels.

Q: Which communication model introduces the concept of communication as collaboration? a. Linear b. Transactional c. Interactive d. Instrumental