Q&A Hero

Q: When one person misperceives another's verbal communication, what occurs? a. Verbal aggression b. Misunderstanding c. "I language" d. Prejudiced language

Q: To make your communication more understandable, you should a. abide by the cooperative principle. b. question constitutive rules. c. concentrate on connotative meanings. d. switch your dialect to that of your listeners.

Q: Habitually attacking a person online is a. defamation. b. prejudiced language. c. verbal aggression d. cyberbullying.

Q: Which of these expresses connection with others? a. "You" language b. Denotative meaning c. "We" language d. Regulative rules

Q: If someone from the north says they are going to the shore, while someone from the south says they are going to the beach, what characteristic of language is being illustrated? a. Cooperation b. Denotation c. Dialect d. Connotation

Q: There are significant differences in verbal communication between men and women. a. True b. False

Q: What governs how language is used? a. Constitutive rules b. Connotative meaning c. Regulative rules d. The cooperative principle

Q: Dialects include differences in accents. a. True b. False

Q: All languages have their own rules regarding spelling, grammar, and pronunciation. What are these rules called? a. Connotative rules b. Denotative rules c. Constitutive rules d. Regulative rules

Q: Literal, dictionary-based meanings are a. symbolic meanings. b. cooperative meanings. c. connotative meanings. d. denotative meanings.

Q: Which aspect of Grice's cooperative principle focuses on using truthful information? a. Be informative. b. Be honest. c. Be relevant. d. Be clear.

Q: Men's verbal communication has been stereotypically associated with all of these EXCEPT a. directness. b. clarity. c. conciseness. d. wordiness.

Q: Sarah is upset because her significant other broke up with her. When her friend Kim asks her what's wrong, Sarah replies, "Nothing." Which component of cooperative verbal communication is Sarah violating? a. Be informative. b. Be honest. c. Be clear. d. Be relevant.

Q: Which strategy can be used to achieve cooperative verbal communication? a. Use less "I" language. b. Use more "we" language. c. Use more "you" language. d. Use less "we" language.

Q: According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "set" has more definitions than any other English word. What type of meanings are these definitions? a. Connotative meanings b. Denotative meanings c. Contextual meanings d. Symbolic meanings

Q: Language that emphasizes ownership of thoughts and feelings is called a. "I" language. b. "you" language. c. clear language. d. informative language.

Q: Concealing information and being overly vague are forms of deception. a. True b. False

Q: Symbols tend to derive their meaning from people and their experience. What type of meaning does this illustrate? a. Denotative meaning b. Connotative meaning c. Contextual meaning d. Intentional meaning

Q: The intentional use of language to misrepresent or mislead others is a. verbal aggression. b. deception. c. defamation. d. prejudiced language.

Q: "You" language places blame on other people. a. True b. False

Q: What is NOT a characteristic of all verbal aggression? a. The goal is to intentionally hurt someone's feelings. b. The attack targets a person's individual attributes. c. The message often includes profanity. d. The communication includes shouting or raised voices.

Q: Constitutive rules guide spelling, grammar, and conversational structure. a. True b. False

Q: Misunderstanding occurs frequently online due to a lack of a. nonverbal cues. b. "you" language. c. connotative meaning. d. honesty.

Q: What is the term for items that represent other things? a. Rules b. Meaning c. Messages d. Symbols

Q: Defamation can be described as a. slander, when spoken. b. false communication. c. libel, when in written form. d. All of the options are correct.

Q: Public figures must be able to prove that sources of false statements acted with malice in order to successfully sue for a. verbal aggression. b. deception. c. defamation. d. discrimination.

Q: Women's verbal communication has been stereotypically associated with all of these EXCEPT a. indirectness and tentativeness. b. flowery adjectives. c. wordiness. d. clarity.

Q: Language that attacks a person's unique attributes is a. defamation. b. verbal aggression. c. deception. d. prejudiced language.

Q: Face-to-face communication is better than email or texting when you need to deliver important or potentially controversial messages. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these is a symbol? a. Thoughts b. Words c. Deceptions d. Meanings

Q: Research suggests that people prefer those who use a dialect similar to their own. a. True b. False

Q: Your friend is on an exciting trip to New Zealand and sends you photos of her travels. In response, you text her: "I hate you!" Your friend understands that what you really mean is that you are jealous but happy that she is having fun on her trip. What type of meaning is your friend applying? a. Denotative meaning b. Personal meaning c. Contextual meaning d. Connotative meaning

Q: Language helps people create and reinforce their cultural identity. a. True b. False

Q: According Paul Grice, all of the following are characteristics of understandable verbal communication EXCEPT a. clarity. b. empathy. c. relevance. d. honesty.

Q: Andy knows when he receives a text message from his father that says "We need to talk" Andy has done something wrong. This is an example of the denotative meaning of language. a. True b. False

Q: Associated or implied meanings are called a. denotative meanings. b. symbols. c. connotative meanings. d. messages.

Q: What is the most frequent form of deception? a. Being vague b. Misunderstanding c. Deception d. Concealment

Q: Prejudiced language is a form of stereotyping. a. True b. False

Q: What is the function of symbols in verbal communication?

Q: Regulative rules define words' meanings. a. True b. False

Q: According to the cooperative principle, being relevant means speakers need to a. present information in a straightforward fashion. b. provide information that is appropriate. c. offer information that is truthful. d. use information applicable to the situation.

Q: Language that focuses attention on and blames others is called a. verbal aggression. b. deception. c. "you" language. d. defamation.

Q: What defines which words represent which objects? a. Constitutive rules b. Regulative rules c. Connotative meanings d. Cooperative principles

Q: List one challenge that can occur when trying to communicate cooperatively online?

Q: Name one cause of verbal aggression.

Q: List at least two strategies you can use to manage a verbally aggressive individual.

Q: What are three types of prejudiced language?

Q: If your communication professor seems to really tailor his lectures and examples to the students in his class, he is demonstrating the cooperative principle. a. True b. False

Q: In what ways do many Euro-American college students change their speech when talking with Asian and Asian American students? What is the result of this tendency?

Q: What two types of meaning can language convey?

Q: How accurate are stereotypes about the effect of gender on verbal communication?

Q: What strategies can be used to manage verbal aggression online?

Q: What is defamation, and what are two types of defamation?

Q: What is considered to be the single most important characteristic of competent communication? a. Information b. Relevance c. Clarity d. Honesty

Q: Variations in language rules shared by large groups of people are known as a. ingroups. b. dialects. c. "we" language. d. connotative meanings.

Q: Compared to denotative meaning, connotative meaning is a. more literal. b. used more in close, personal relationships. c. more likely to be found on dictionary.com. d. less emotional and personal.

Q: What are two unique goals that can be fulfilled through mediated communication?

Q: What is often the basis of trolling online?

Q: Which of the following is NOT true about flaming? a. It is part of a persistent pattern. b. You say things that you would not say in person. c. It is an outcome of online disinhibition. d. It is an outcome of empathy deficits.

Q: Email is an example of a. synchronous communication. b. asynchronous communication. c. social media. d. online disinhibition.

Q: When you're experiencing online disinhibition, a. you are more likely to disclose personal information. b. you are less likely to disclose personal information. c. your communication is synchronous. d. your communication is asynchronous.

Q: Which of these uses social media in a community-based fashion to heighten public awareness of important causes? a. Mass media b. Flaming c. Hashtag activism d. Trolling

Q: Give an example of how mediated communication can help you meet instrumental, relationship, and self-presentation goals.

Q: You post that you are the best personal trainer on Facebook. People Google your name and learn that you are an accomplished and certified trainer with years of experience. As a result, your online face has a. low warranting value. b. high warranting value. c. empathy deficits. d. online disinhibition.

Q: Which of these allows messages to be directly sent and received between communicators in real time or across time intervals to manage their relationships? a. Mass media b. Hashtag activism c. Asynchronous communication d. Social media

Q: When creating a profile on a social media site, what must you consider? a. Creating an online face b. Nonverbal cues c. Empathy deficits d. Determining your email password

Q: Which of these refers to mediated messages that are perceived as disturbing or threatening? a. Trolling b. Flaming c. Cyberbullying d. Online harassment

Q: Which is a characteristic of mass media? a. Communication is one-way. b. The audience is mostly unknown. c. The source is the provider of content. d. All options are correct.

Q: In what type of communication are participants separated by a technological device? a. Synchronous communication b. Public communication c. Mediated communication d. Nonverbal communication

Q: Why are you less likely to feel empathy when using mediated communication? a. Nonverbal feedback is more immediate. b. Nonverbal feedback is less immediate. c. You can better understand others' thoughts and emotions. d. Your perspective-taking is enhanced.

Q: Tabitha expresses her opinion in a comment on an article in her Facebook news feed. In response, someone she does not know personally calls her a vile and insulting name. What is occurring here? a. Flaming b. Trolling c. Online harassment d. Digital deception

Q: Aria updates her Facebook page to indicate her relational status as single. Sid asks her out only later to learn that she is married. Sid is experiencing what mediated communication problem? a. Message-based digital deception b. Identity-based digital deception c. Online disinhibition d. A butler lie

Q: Which of these maintains that you compensate for the lack of nonverbal feedback online by taking extra care in choosing your words? a. Social information processing theory b. Cues-filtered-out model c. Online disinhibition d. Message-based digital deception

Q: Sending asynchronous messages about sensitive topics may be seen as insensitive or incompetent. a. True b. False

Q: CNN, Fox News, and the New York Times are all examples of social media. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these explains why mediated communication so often causes misunderstanding and misinterpretation? a. Social information processing theory b. Online disinhibition c. Asynchronous communication d. Cues-filtered-out model

Q: Which term refers to messages that are false or intentionally misleading? a. Online harassment b. Flaming c. Digital deception d. Online disinhibition

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the "three Ps" of mediated communication? a. Principled b. Powerful c. Public d. Permanent

Q: Social media can be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. Facebook and Twitter. b. a mostly unknown audience. c. two-way communication. d. interpersonal communication.

Q: Mark and Serena have been in an exclusive romantic relationship for seven months. One evening, Serena sends Mark a text telling him she does not love him and no longer wants to continue their relationship. Which guideline for competent use of mediated communication is Serena violating? a. Practice creating drafts. b. Use clear language. c. Know when to use mediated communication versus face-to-face. d. Remember mediated communication is public.