Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Business Law
Q:
Conflicting precedents when applying the principle of stare decisis do not create confidence in the certainty of law.
Q:
Legislation passed by the Congress is called a statute or an act.
Q:
The Second Amendment to the Constitution holds that "No State shall . . . deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law."
Q:
Disadvantages of case law do not destroy the benefits of certainty, predictability, and stability provided by case law and stare decisis.
Q:
Although property law is categorized as one kind of private law; in our legal system, it is at the heart of both public and private law.
Q:
Contract law often but not always requires actual injury to the owner's resources.
Q:
Legal realism is the idea that courts should understand the meaning of the Constitution relative to the times in which they interpret it.
Q:
The United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Jamaica, India, Nigeria, New Zealand, and a few other countriesall colonized by Englandfollow the common law.
Q:
Civil law arose in the eleventh and twelfth centuries as the English monarch appointed royal judges to ride circuits around the English countryside and to resolve disputes in the name of the king (or queen).
Q:
Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. that follows a partial civil law system due to Louisiana's historical ties with France, a civil law nation.
Q:
Common law relies more on legislation than judicial decisions to determine what the law is.
Q:
In administrative law, a government official represents society, or "the people," and the official is responsible for seeking justice to achieve the ends of society.
Q:
The secret to economic prosperity and the wealth of nations lies in the foundation of property law and the legal system to implement it under the rule of law.
Q:
Jurisprudence is the rule of law.
Q:
Natural law theory asserts that law contains universal moral principles.
Q:
Sociological jurisprudence emphasizes that contemporary law should focus on legal principles that have withstood the test of time in a nation.
Q:
Jurisprudence refers to the general body of law interpretations by judges as different from legislation passed by legislators.
Q:
Rule-of-law nations adopt laws supporting the private market because it is in everyone's interest, including the lawmakers'.
Q:
Common property, applies to public resources owned by the government (or "state") like roads, public buildings, public lands, and monuments.
Q:
Contract law compensates owners whose resources are wrongfully harmed by the actions of others.
Q:
The first known written set of laws was the Code of Hammurabi.
Q:
A developing nation wants to protect its farmers from competition from advanced nations. Due to technology and economies of scale, the advanced nations are able to export food to the developing nation at a price lower than the cost of production by local farmers. At the same time, the developing nation wants to be a member of the World Trade Organization. What can the developing nation do to protect its farmers and still be member of the World Trade Organization?
Q:
Timberland and Lumberland are members of the WTO. Timberland has a contract to supply electrical and mechanical parts to Lumberland. Lumberland imposes tariffs on the mechanical parts imported by it from Timberland. Timberland approaches the dispute settlement board claiming that Lumberland was violating the trade agreement. The DSB orders Lumberland to remove the tariffs but Lumberland does not follow it. Can the dispute settlement board order any other measure?
Q:
Maximberg is a country in Europe and is a member of the European Union. For convenience of tourists and other commercial purposes, it wants to adopt the Euro as its currency. Can it adopt the Euro?
Q:
A U.S. Court has to decide the application of NAFTA in a dispute between Big Co., a U.S. based firm, and Medium Co., a Canadian company, concerning the export of prescription drugs by Medium Co. from Canada to the U.S. Discuss the guidelines that a U.S. court will consider while interpreting NAFTA.
Q:
Hansen had a contract with a Swedish corporation for the delivery of several automobiles. When the corporation failed to deliver the vehicles as agreed, Hansen indicated that he would bring his case to the International Court of Justice for a proper hearing. Can Hansen make good on his promise to file a complaint with the International Court of Justice? Explain.
Q:
A United Nations agency has requested an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice concerning the applicability of the Geneva Conventions to a rebellion within an African nation. No party to the actual conflict has made a request to the United Nations or the International Court of Justice. Discuss the right of the International Court of Justice to issue the advisory opinion.
Q:
The International Criminal Court wants to try a U.S. citizen for alleged war crimes. The U.S. protests; it asserts that the court lacks jurisdiction. Discuss the validity of this assertion.
Q:
An international contract between two merchants is the subject of a dispute between the two companies, Universal Exports and Global Industries. The Universal offer specifies delivery by January 15 while the Global acceptance specifies delivery by July 15. Discuss how the CISG will resolve this dispute.
Q:
Tobyland is a developing nation and needs five million dollars to build dams and flyovers. Which international organization will give Tobyland a loan of five million dollars?
Q:
The World Trade Organization was created as a result of the:
A. Geneva Convention.
B. Uruguay Round Agreements.
C. Bretton-Woods Conference.
D. Asian-Pacific Round.
Q:
The most-favored nation principle allows:
A. economically developing nations to receive special treatment.
B. the developed nations to obtain economic advantages.
C. all member nations to have similar treatment regarding similar imports.
D. poor nations to receive financial payments from wealthy nations.
Q:
The Dispute Settlement Board allows:
A. retaliatory measures.
B. imposition of tariff for no more than 10 months.
C. a ban on the imports of the offending nation for no more than 5 months.
D. a boycott.
Q:
The comprehensive trade coalition involving the United States, Canada, and Mexico is/are the:
A. Uruguay Round Agreements.
B. North American Free Trade Agreement.
C. Geneva Conventions.
D. United Nations Conventions.
Q:
Corzina, a small nation-state has been attacked by its neighbor Troy. Another nation-state, Rutland is a friend of Corzina's but has problems with Troy. Finding this to be the best opportunity, Rutland attacks Troy, defeats Troy and takes control over its government and the civilian population. Is the cause and intention of Rutland just?
Q:
The Economic Security Council:
A. will take the place of existing international agencies.
B. will replace the World Bank only.
C. would be a multi-country, decentralized international agency.
D. would coordinate the work of existing agencies.
Q:
Judges on the International Criminal Court serve for a term of:
A. three years.
B. six years.
C. nine years.
D. life.
Q:
The International Criminal Court:
A. uses the prisons of member nations.
B. has jurisdiction over individual defendants.
C. does not have imprisonment as punishment.
D. uses exile and imprisonment in the nation of the victim as punishment.
Q:
When a contract subject to CISG exceeds $500 it:
A. is enforceable without the need to be written.
B. must be written to be enforceable.
C. must be written and reviewed by attorneys for both sides.
D. must be written if the value of the contract exceeds ten percent of the net worth of a party.
Q:
The Geneva Conventions deal with:
A. prisoners of war only.
B. occupation forces and war crimes.
C. war crimes and prisoners of war.
D. prisoners of war and occupation forces.
Q:
In determining the applicability of international pacts, the courts will first look at:
A. the international understanding of the agreement.
B. the Red Cross Commentaries.
C. the literal language of the agreement.
D. the history of the pact.
Q:
The _____ vote/s the Secretary General into office.
A. Security Council
B. General assembly
C. International Court of Justice
D. Security Council and the General Assembly
Q:
The International Court of Justice:
A. is made up of nine judges.
B. allows all nations to initiate a case before it.
C. allows nations that are not member states to have their cases heard before it.
D. can render opinions only when faced with an actual case.
Q:
The International Court of Justice is made up of _____ judges.
A. seven
B. nine
C. eleven
D. fifteen
Q:
In the ICJ, judges who disagree with the advisory opinion of the majority are empowered to issue ____.
A. dissenting opinions.
B. qualified opinions.
C. adverse opinions.
D. reverse opinions.
Q:
The _____ sees the nations of the world grouped together based on politics.
A. economic new world order
B. ideological new world order
C. civilizational new world order
D. globalized new world order
Q:
In the globalized world, the ____ becomes the seat of ultimate economic, political, and military power.
A. military bloc
B. multinational corporation
C. decentralized democracy
D. centralized autocracy
Q:
The just war theory's criterion of _____ states that war can be initiated only by legitimately recognized nation-states.
A. proportionality
B. just cause
C. right intention
D. competent authority
Q:
The principle of repentance calls for an expression of remorse by:
A. the combatants.
B. only the defeated.
C. all nations.
D. the United Nations.
Q:
The earliest development of the preemptive war concept was by:
A. Leslie Groves.
B. Curtis LeMay.
C. Thomas More.
D. Socrates.
Q:
The EU approves of individual nations enacting cyber commerce legislation.
Q:
The globalized new world order is the only theory that has abandoned the notion that:
A. multi-national corporations are the seat of power.
B. NGOs should act as a global police.
C. the nation-state is the primary actor on the global stage.
D. international law has a set of unambiguous goals.
Q:
The World Bank works exclusively with the poorest nations in the international community.
Q:
The World Trade Organization recognizes the right of individual nations to use quotas to regulate imports.
Q:
NAFTA is designed to establish a trading market free from tariff barriers.
Q:
Membership in the EU is enough to allow a nation to adopt the euro.
Q:
A protective war runs afoul of the traditions inherent within the Treaty of Westphalia.
Q:
The UN's power to enforce its decrees is a matter of voluntary acquiescence.
Q:
The authority to codify international law is the official mission of the International Court of Justice.
Q:
Joe, a victim of human rights abuses, may bring a case before the International Court of Justice.
Q:
CISG could apply to a contract between Melinda, a U.S. consumer, and Big Co., a German company.
Q:
The just war theory states that war is "just war" and has no relationship to morality.
Q:
Under the just war theory, just cause for war includes the defense of a nation that has been aggressively attacked and is unable to defend itself.
Q:
The just war theory states that war is a function of nation-states in their relationships with one another, not the purview of individuals.
Q:
The principle of restoration requires that the defeated nation pay the victor the expense incurred in the war.
Q:
Generals Groves and LeMay advocated preventative war against the Soviet Union.
Q:
A nation-state starts a preventative war to stop another nation-state's imminent attack on the first nation-state.
Q:
Clausewitz stated that "War is a continuation of law by other means".
Q:
John is a mechanical engineer. He has designed a car which uses water rather than fossil fuel to run? Is John's invention eligible to be patented?
Q:
Sienna runs a restaurant. The barbeque chicken that is served in the restaurant is famous and draws a large crowd. Sienna follows a special process of preparing the chicken. This process is not known to anyone except Sienna and her cook. Does this process of barbequing chicken qualify as a trade secret?
Q:
Kan Lee is a U.S. citizen and an employee of MetLoc systems. He was caught stealing and handing over semi conductors to another individual, who is a citizen of a foreign country. Both individuals were arrested. Which law would be invoked in order to prosecute Kan Lee and what would be the punishment if Kan is convicted?
Q:
A civilization is a group of people in a series of different nation-states that share certain common characteristics, including their history, religion, traditions, beliefs, often language, and sometimes ancestry.
Q:
A civilization with a recognized central state is generally less stable and more war-like than one without a recognized central state.
Q:
Robert Kagan envisions a globe divided into a group of democracies, led by the United States and the EU, and a group of autocracies led by Russia and China.
Q:
Polio cases have decreased by over 99% since 1988, from an estimated 350 000 cases then, to 1349 reported cases in 2010. The reduction is the result of the global effort to eradicate the disease. In most countries, the global effort has expanded capacities to tackle other infectious diseases by building effective surveillance and immunization systems. Success hinges on financing the next steps of the global eradication initiative. The World Health Organization has played a significant role in meeting such health challenges. How does WHO accomplish its targets?
Q:
The Three Mile Island accident was a core meltdown in Unit 2 (a pressurized water reactor)of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania near Harrisburg, United Statesin 1979. It led to large amounts of nuclear reactor coolant to escape. Which organization handles such cases and how does it ensure that they are not repeated again?
Q:
Hercules Steel Castings Company, Inc. manufactures steel castings. It does not follow the permissible limits with regard to the release of polluting gases in the air. It has also failed to report violations of pollutions control laws to the federal government. Which act does it violate and which agency would have the powers to prosecute this organization?
Q:
Oil Down is an organization which is exploring the possibility of striking oil in the outskirts of a local county. It strikes oil and transports it with the help of pipelines running through the local creek and river. One day due to some reason the oil pipeline ruptures thereby causing contamination of the local creek and river. Under which act would the organization be liable to the federal government and what would be the punishment accorded to the organization?
Q:
In the past, infant and childhood deaths and short life spans used to limit population growth. In today's world, thanks to improved nutrition, sanitation, and medical care, more babies survive their first few years of life. The combination of a continuing high birth rate and a low death rate is creating a rapid population increase in many countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa and people generally lived longer. Which organization was formed under the UN auspices to deal with the problem of population increase? What are the main functions of this organization?
Q:
Which of the following statements holds true for a patent?
A. A patent application cannot be accessed by the general public.
B. A patent expires at the end of a 20-year period.
C. A patent is subject to "first-to-invent" patent process rather than the "first-to-file" process.
D. A patent is a process used in a business and disclosed only to those employees who need to know it to do their jobs.