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Business Ethics
Q:
Which one of Rest's levels combines Kohlberg's stage three and four, and states that decisions are based on external rules and norms coming form family, friends, peers, and society?
A. Post-conventional level
B. Conventional level
C. Pre-conventional level
D. Principled level
E. None of the above
Q:
The basic premise of __________ is that the moral worth of an action is bsed on the consequences of that actions?
A. Virtue ethics
B. Idealistic ethics
C. Relative ethics
D. Utilitarian ethics
E. None of the above
Q:
In which level of Rest, one of Kohlberg's former students, are decisions typically driven internally by either reward or punishent
A. Post-conventional level
B. Conventional level
C. Pre-conventional level
D. Principled level
E. None of the above
Q:
At what stage of Kohlberg's theory are people more likely to engage in unethical behavior?
A. First and second stage
B. Third and fourth stage
C. Fifth and sixth stage
D. Both b. and c.
E. Any stage
Q:
Which stage is more of a theoretical stage of Kohlberg's theory, that very few people actually attain?
A. Universal ethical stage
B. Expectation of others stage
C. Principled stage
D. Self-interest stage
E. None of the above
Q:
At which stage of Kohlberg's thoery does the decision-maker determine whether an action is right based on universal ethical principles that everyone should follow
A. Principled stage
B. Rules and laws stage
C. Universal ethical stage
D. Expectation of other stage
E. Self-interest stage
Q:
According to Kohlberg's theory, the stage that indivuals base their decisions on ethical principles of right and wrong and consider good to society:
A. First stage
B. Second Stage
C. Third stage
D. Fourth stage
E. Fifth stage
Q:
Which of the following regarding Kantian ethics is not true?
A. Kantian ethics is based on the assumption that human beings cannot be treated as means to an end
B. Kantian ethics does not take into consideration the consequences of a decision
C. The decision made under Kantian ethics should have universal acceptability
D. Kantian ethics assume that every human being should be treated with dignity and respect
E. Kantian ethics decisions are based on minimization of harm and maximization of benefits.
Q:
The basic premise of utilitarian ethics suggest that when deciding among many potential options, an individual will
A. Only consider the benefits caused by the action and then choose the option that maximizes good.
B. Only consider the benefits caused by the action and then choose the option that minimize harms are also considered.
C. Only consider the benefits caused by the action
D. Consider equality and fairness
E. None of the above
Q:
As managers face ethical issues,...provide insights into the processes behind ethical decision-making.
A. Ethical theories
B. The universal ethical principles
C. Moral philosophies
D. Moral justification
E. None of the above
Q:
The more idealistic an individual is,
A. The higher the concern for the welfare for himself and the higher the desire to minimize harm to others.
B. The higher the concern for the Welfare for others and the lower the desire to minimize harm to others.
C. The lower the concern for the welfare for himself and the higher the desire to minimize harm to others.
D. The lower the concern for the Welfare for othersand the lower the desire to minimize harm to others
E. None of the above
Q:
According to Kohlberg's (1969) the stage of moral development where a person chooses the action that satisfies personal gains the most, is the
A. First stage
B. Second stage
C. Third stage
D. Fourth stage
E. Fifth stage
Q:
According to Kohlbergs theory, the stage where a person judges an action as right or wrong depending on whether such action violate rule and regulations, is the
A. First stage
B. Second stage
C. Second stage
D. Fourth stage
E. None of the above
Q:
According to Kohlbergs theory, the stage where an individual determines right or wrong based on the impact of the consequences of actions on significant others, is the
A. First stage of moral development
B. Second stage of moral development
C. Third stage of moral development
D. Fourth stage of moral development
E. None of the above
Q:
The obedience to authority/fear of punishment stage whereby the person defines right or wrong based on the obedience to rules from those in power represent which stage of Kohlberg's moral development?
A. First stage
B. Second stage
C. Third stage
D. Fourth stage
E. Fifth stage
Q:
What is moral disengagement? Briefly discuss each of the 8 elements of moral disengagement.
Q:
You have been asked to decide whether you should close a plant or not. Discuss how you would apply utilitarian ethics to make the decision. How would use of Kantian ethics help you make the decision?
Q:
Compare and contrast idealism with relativism.
Q:
Discuss Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning. How can companies use Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning to help its employees make more ethical decisions?
Q:
What is moral awareness? Discuss briefly the six basic elements of moral awareness.
Q:
Under this principle,the torturing of terrorists is acceptable, as they have brough such actions to themselves is referred to as:
A. Attribution of blame
B. Dehumanization
C. Distortion of Consequences
D. Diffusion of responsibility
E. None of the above
Q:
The use of morally neutral language to make something seem less immoral refers to:
A. Euphemistic Labeling
B. Adventageous comparision
C. Moral Justification
D. Displacement of Responsibility
E. None of the above
Q:
When tabacco executive deny the link between smoking and cancer despite decades of evidence suggesting a link, this is called:
A. Moral Justification
B. Moral Disengagement
C. Displacement of Responsibility
D. Attribution of Responsibility
E. None of the above
Q:
Moral intensity is dependent on how many different elements?
A. Five
B. One
C. Six
D. Three
E. Eight
Q:
Incrementalism refers to:
A. Justifying unethical behaviors as orders from their manager
B. Employee has tendoncy of imitating or accepting the values of others
C. Turning a blind eye to unethical behavior because if is beneficial to them
D. Employees that engage in minor unethical infractions that eventually leads to major ethical infractions
E. None of the above
Q:
When employees justify unethical behavior as orders that came from their managers, they are refering to?
A. Obedience to authority
B. Conscious Biases
C. Displacement of Responsibility
D. Advantageous comparison
E. Moral indecision
Q:
When a company executive may unconsciously prefer a job applicant who also holds an MBA from the same school that the executive went to, they are demonstrating?
A. Motivated blindness
B. Moral disengagement
C. In-group favoritism
D. Unconscious Biases
E. None of the above
Q:
refers to the cognitive framework individuals prefer to use in moral decision making
A. Ethical predispositions
B. Moral awareness
C. Moral Judgment
D. Unethical behavior
E. None of the above
Q:
refers to the ability of individuals to access and interpret the moral context of information and stimuli they are presented with
A. Moral awareness
B. Moral attentiveness
C. Moral disengagement
D. Ethical awareness
E. None of the above
Q:
When a manager may turn overlooks a salesperson filing a fraudulent expense claim because the salesperson is one of the best performers in the company, he or she is engaging in which of the following?
A. Motivated blindness
B. Unconscious Biases
C. Implicit prejudice
D. Conscious Biases
E. None of the above
Q:
Decision-making that can be unconsciously affected because the decision maker may benefit from the chosen decision is
A. Motivated blindness
B. Unconscious Biases
C. Conflict of interest
D. Conscious Biases
E. None of the above
Q:
According to Banaji et al. (2003), in-group favoritism occurs because people tend to favor those individuals who share similar
A. School
B. Social class
C. Religion
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
Q:
When people tend to make associations between employee characteristics and organizational outcomes that may not be accurate, this is called
A. Attribution of blame
B. Implicit prejudice
C. Unconscious biases
D. Motivated blindness
E. Attribution of blame
Q:
When the decision maker ascribes the fault for the decision to the target, this is called
A. Attribution of responsibility
B. Diffusion of responsibility
C. Distortion of consequences
D. Displacement of responsibility
E. Attribution of blame
Q:
This occur when the "most well-meaning person unwittingly allows unconscious thoughts and feelings to influence seemingly objective decisions"
A. Conscious biases
B. Motivated blindness
C. Unconscious blindness
D. Unconscious biases
E. Attribution of blame
Q:
When a customer returns a used product by justifying that the unethical behavior will clearly not impact the large company from which the product was purchased, this called a (n)
A. Attribution of blame
B. Diffusion of responsibility
C. Distortion of consequences
D. Displacement of responsibility
E. Attribution of responsibility
Q:
When a specific member of a board of directors can attribute the decision to close a plant to the group rather than an individual decision, this is called a (n)
A. Attribution of blame
B. Diffusion of responsibility
C. Distortion of consequences
D. Displacement of responsibility
E. None of the above
Q:
When a person can blame the misreporting of sales figures for a quarter because the boss wanted the behavior, this is called a (n)
A. Attribution of blame
B. Diffusion of responsibility
C. Distortion of consequences
D. Displacement of responsibility
E. Moral indecision
Q:
When a company justifies dumping toxic pollutants in a river because the wildlife destroyed by the act may not be seen as worth saving because they are seen as sub-humans, the company is engaging in
A. Dehumanization
B. Moral disengagement
C. Moral justification
D. Advantageous comparison
E. Moral indecision
Q:
Advantageous comparison occurs when someone compares a worse behavior with another behavior and rationalizes the behavior on that basis.
A. Dehumanization occurs
B. Moral disengagement occurs
C. Moral justification occurs
D. Advantageous comparison occurs
E. None of the above
Q:
When individuals justify certain actions to make them seem more morally acceptable.
A. Dehumanization occurs
B. Moral disengagement occurs
C. Moral justification occurs
D. Advantageous comparison occurs
E. Moral indecision occurs
Q:
The deactivation processes where, when faced with potential behavior counter to his or her own personal standards, a person may choose to deactivate the standard and still participate in the behavior is known as
A. Dehumanization
B. Moral disengagement
C. Moral justification
D. Advantageous comparison
E. None of the above
Q:
refers to the process by which someone reasons about how to deal with an ethical situation
A. Unethical Behavior
B. Moral awareness
C. Ethical Awareness
D. Moral Judgment
E. None of the above
Q:
refers to the ability of an individual to understand the ethicality of a situation or behavior
A. Unethical Behavior
B. Moral awareness
C. Ethical Awareness
D. Moral Judgment
E. Moral indecision
Q:
is defined as any actions that violate accepted societal norms.
A. Unethical Behavior
B. Moral awareness
C. Ethical Awareness
D. Moral Judgment
E. None of the above
Q:
What is corporate social responsibility? Be specific.
Q:
Discuss five important benefits acruing to companies as a result of their ethics program.
Q:
Compare and contrast the stakeholder theory of the organization with the stockholder theory.
Q:
Discuss the stockholder theory of business.
Q:
What is ethics? What is business ethics?
Q:
What does ACFE stand for?
A. Association of Central Fraud Examiners
B. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
C. Annual Certified Fraud Examination
D. Association of Certified Forgery Examiners
E. None of the above
Q:
Which of the following are accurate about the Corruption Perception Index?
A. No country can get a perfect score
B. It is on a scale form 1-100, with 100 being the best obtainable score
C. Most contries fall below 50 points
D. None of the Above
E. All of the above
Q:
A German company listed on the New Yrok Stock Exchange that commits fraud may liable under which set of laws
A. Germany laws
B. United States Laws
C. European Laws
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Q:
Fraud in the U.S. gained attention after the unethical acts by which of the following companies?
A. Enron
B. WorldCom
C. Arthur Andersen
D. None of the Above
E. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following is a situation that has no right or wrong answer?
A. Corporate social responsibility
B. Business ethics
C. Ethical dilemma
D. Stakeholder Theory
E. None of the above
Q:
Which country is most likely to have more prevelent unethical behavior?
A. Mexico
B. Denmark
C. Finland
D. Sweden
E. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following are positive characteristics relating ot business ethics?
A. Adherence to global environmental standards
B. Environmental purchasing
C. Social programs
D. Corporate reputation for social performance
E. All of the above
Q:
Which country is least likely to have instances of unethical behavior
A. Canada
B. China
C. India
D. Russia
E. Mexico
Q:
Which of the following is (are) potential results of unethical behavior?
A. Fines
B. Jail time
C. Lost revenue
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Q:
Benefits of acting ethically include:
A. Loyal customers
B. Stronger financial performance
C. Committed employees
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above
Q:
Benefits of responsible purchasing include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Additional sales opportunities
B. Access to minority market knowledge
C. Reduce independence on tradional suppliers
D. Enhanced reputation for a company with larger pool of stakeholders
E. Fewer number of suppliers
Q:
Which of the following can benefit from good company ethics:
A. Employees
B. Customers
C. Suppliers
D. Investors
E. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following regarding occupational fraud is NOT true?
A. Most cases were committed by members of the accounting department
B. Occupational fraud occurs in a wide range of industries
C. Most cases were discovered during the course of an audit
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above
Q:
What is the purpose of the Ethics and Compliance Initiative (ECI)?
A. Provide an indication of the degree of corruption in the public sector
B. Brings together business ethics practitioners as well as business ethics scholars to promote business ethics
C. Determine what is legally ethical and enforce it in law
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Q:
X Company is experiencing an increase in sales revenue of $150,000 resulting from consumer approval of its new ethical program. What type of positive benefit does this illustrate?
A. Firm financial performance
B. Perceived future financial performance.
C. Firm market value
D. Stock market value
E. None of the Above
Q:
The view that shareholders have a right to control and earn profits represents which business ethics approach
A. Corporate social responsibility
B. Occupational fraud
C. Stakeholder theory
D. Stockholder theory
E. None of the Above
Q:
Honeybees are disappearing at an alarming rate and thats bad news for the global food chain. Haagen-Dazs decided to create a microsite to raise awareness about the issue. This is an example of :
A. Social engineering
B. Corporate social responsibility
C. Social responsibility
D. Corporate environmental awareness
E. None of the Above
Q:
Which of the following regarding fraud is not true?
A. Occupational fraud is costly for the average company
B. Occupation fraud tends to go undetected for long time
C. People committing occupational fraud were often first time offenders
D. Most cases were committed by members of top management
E. Larger companies are especially susceptible to fraud
Q:
Greenopolis was developed by Waste Management Recycle America to serve as an educational tool to teach people how to be more environmentally sound as they go about their daily lives. This is an example of:
A. Social engineering
B. Corporate social responsibility
C. Social responsibility
D. Global awareness
E. All of the above
Q:
The followings are benefits of good ethics of a company for employees, EXCEPT:
A. Employees may stay longer, reducing the costs and disruption of recruitment and retraining.
B. Employees are better motivated and more productive.
C. A good reputation makes it easier to recruit employees
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Q:
Tyson has committed its brand to efforts to relieve and ultimately end childhood hunger, and in the past few years been integrating social media into its hunger relief efforts. This an example of
A. Social engineering
B. Corporate social responsibility
C. Social responsibility
D. Global awareness
E. All of the above
Q:
Job conditions that are considered normal in a manufacturing country but is in conflict with labor standards in the United States is an example of:
A. Cultural clash
B. Outsourcing conflict
C. Ethical dilemma
D. All of the above
E. some other answer
Q:
Edward Freeman (2010) presents the stakeholder theory of the modern corporation basically arguing that
A. Shareholders do not have the right, but can control and earn residual earnings (or profits).
B. There are revenues associated with any owners whether they are employees, customers or shareholders.
C. One of the most pertinent costs related to the role of shareholders is the cost of decision making.
D. Companies need to go beyond satisfying the needs of shareholders only
E. None of the Above
Q:
According to Boatright's (2002) stockholder theory
A. Shareholders do not have the right, but can control and earn residual earnings (or profits).
B. There are revenues associated with any owners whether they are employees, customers or shareholders.
C. One of the most pertinent costs related to the role of shareholders is the cost of decision making.
D. Companies need to go beyond satisfying the needs of shareholders only
E. All of the above
Q:
Activities such as skimming (cash is stolen from the company before the cash is recorded), billing (submission of fictitious invoices to the company) are examples of
A. Occupational Fraud
B. Misappropriation of assets
C. Burglary
D. All of the above
E. None of the Above
Q:
This represents a strategic approach to managing ethics in an organization
A. Strategic Business Ethics Insight
B. Corporate social responsibility
C. Social responsibility
D. Code of conducts
E. All of the above
Q:
This refers to the degree to which individuals have to be provided with some compensation to influence the individual.
A. Fraud
B. Asset misappropriation
C. Bribery
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Q:
Ethics refer to
A. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group
B. the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behavior of its members
C. societys perception of what is right or wrong
D. All of the above
E. None of the Above
Q:
The degree to which employees agree on their perceptions of the ethical climate indicates
A. Organizational culture
B. Climate strength
C. Work climate
D. Caring climate
E. Dependent Ethical climate
Q:
This refers more specifically to the norms and values that guide organizational members when faced with ethical dilemmas
A. Organizational culture
B. Ethical value
C. Work climate
D. Caring climate
E. Dependent Ethical climate