Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following terms refers to shortsightedness about values? a. Inattentional blindness b. Normative myopia c. Change blindness d. Descriptive ignorance

Q: In the ethical decision-making process, identify the steps that might arise in reverse order, depending on the circumstances. a. Identifying the ethical issues; considering the impact of the decision on stakeholders b. Determining the facts; identifying the impact of the decision on stakeholders c. Identifying the impact of the decision on stakeholders; considering the available alternatives d. Determining the facts; identifying the ethical issues

Q: When does issue identification become the first step in the ethical decision-making process? a. When you are not accountable for the decision b. When you are solely responsible for a decision c. When you are presented with an issue from the start d. Under all circumstances

Q: Kathy, your best friend and class mate, asks you to help her with a challenging ethical predicament. Which of the following would be your first step in the decision making process? a. Identifying the ethical issue b. Considering the available alternatives c. Determining the facts of the situation d. Making the decision

Q: Which of the following is the second step of the ethical decision-making process? a. Considering available alternatives b. Making the decision c. Identifying the ethical issues involved d. Considering the impact of the on stakeholders

Q: The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to: a. determine the facts. b. consider the available alternatives. c. monitor and learn from the outcomes. d. identify and consider the impact of the decision on stakeholders.

Q: Within a business setting, individuals must consider the ethical implications of both personal and professional decision-making.

Q: Responsibility for the circumstances that can encourage ethical behavior and can discourage unethical behavior falls predominantly to the business management and executive team.

Q: Within business, an organizations context sometimes makes it difficult for even the best-intentioned person to act ethically.

Q: The best environment for high quality ethical decision making involves thin air thinking.

Q: Consequences or justifications are the only means for comparing alternatives.

Q: A critical element of comparing and weighing the alternatives is the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful consequences.

Q: The most helpful way to compare and weigh the alternatives is to try to place oneself in the other persons position.

Q: Stakeholders include only those groups and/or individuals within an organization affected by an internal decision, policy or operation of a firm or individual.

Q: Normative myopia occurs only in business.

Q: Inattentional blindness is the inability to recognize ethical issues.

Q: Decisions made on economic grounds imply the lack of ethical considerations.

Q: In the ethical decision-making process, the issue identification step always follows the fact gathering step.

Q: A person who acts in a way that is based upon a careful consideration of the facts has acted in a more ethically responsible way than a person who acts without deliberation.

Q: There is a role for science and theoretical reason in any study of ethics.

Q: The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to consider all of the people affected by a decision, the people often called stakeholders.

Q: Differentiate between practical reason and theoretical reason.

Q: While using the risk assessment model what might the decision makers include in their assessment before taking action?

Q: Define risk assessment.

Q: Discuss the importance of precedents for most laws concerning business.

Q: Explain the difficulties associated with telling businesses that its ethical responsibilities end with obedience to the law.

Q: Discuss the impact of maintaining that holding to the law is sufficient to fulfill ones ethical duties, and what it says about the law itself.

Q: Describe the two elements of ethical values.

Q: Define values and discuss the element of corporate culture in detail.

Q: Why is ethics considered a normative discipline?

Q: Differentiate the concepts of morality and social ethics.

Q: Define ethics. How is it different from social sciences such as psychology and sociology?

Q: Discuss the hesitation (that may be justified) associated with teaching ethics. Explain briefly how the authors of this text believe that ethics can be taught constructively in a class.

Q: Describe the advantages associated with ethical decision-making.

Q: Explain how the study of ethics was viewed until recently, and what kind of shift in focus has occurred post the scandals.

Q: Explain how ethical decisions are required to be made by everybody, and how they have the capacity to influence more than just the decision maker.

Q: According to _____, science is the great arbiter of truth.

Q: The _____ requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities.

Q: One way to distinguish the various types of values is in terms of the ends they serve. _____ values serve the end of beauty.

Q: _____ serve the ends of human well-being.

Q: Normative disciplines presuppose some underlying _____.

Q: To say that ethics is a _____ discipline is to say that it deals with standards of appropriate and proper behavior.

Q: _____ ethics asks us to simply step back from implicit everyday decisions to examine and evaluate them.

Q: _____ is the aspect of ethics that is referred to by the phrase personal integrity.

Q: In an organizational context, _____ is the skill of creating a circumstance in which good people are able to do good, and bad people are prevented from doing bad.

Q: A(n) _____ is anyone affected, for better or for worse, by the decisions made within a particular firm.

Q: Which of the following can be thought of as the answer to the fundamental questions of theoretical reason? a. The scientific method b. The practical approach c. The contingency approach d. The normative model

Q: According to the tradition of theoretical reason, _____ is the great arbiter of truth. a. religion b. perception c. science d. ethics

Q: Which of the following refers to the pursuit of truth and the highest standard for what we should believe? a. Theoretical reason b. Critical reason c. Philanthropic reason d. Practical reason

Q: _____ reasoning is reasoning about what we should believe. a. Practical b. Abstract c. Theoretical d. Descriptive

Q: Theoretical reasoning is reasoning about: a. what we actually do. b. what we should do. c. what we should believe. d. what we should implement.

Q: _____ reasoning is reasoning about what we should do. a. Practical b. Descriptive c. Theoretical d. Notional

Q: Practical reasoning is reasoning about: a. what we should think. b. what we should do. c. what we should believe. d. what we should share.

Q: Which of the following helps identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives? a. Risk aversion b. Risk benchmarking c. Risk assessment d. Risk minimization

Q: Which of the following observations is true? a. Obedience to the law is sufficient to fulfill ones ethical duties. b. The law is very effective at promoting goods. c. The law cannot anticipate every new dilemma that businesses might face. d. An individuals ethical responsibility can never run counter to the law.

Q: The failure of personal ethics among companies like Enron and WorldCom led to the creation of the: a. Brooks Act. b. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. c. ClingerCohen Act. d. SarbanesOxley Act.

Q: Telling organizations that their ethical responsibilities end with obedience to the law: a. is just inviting more legal regulation. b. is enough to maintain an ethical business environment. c. reduces the frequency of corporate scandals. d. eliminates ambiguity while making personal ethics-related decisions.

Q: Dramatic examples from history, including Nazi Germany and apartheid in South Africa, demonstrate that: a. societies valuing freedom welcome laws that require more than the ethical minimum. b. ethical responsibilities give rise to more and more regulations. c. obedience to law is sufficient to fulfill ones ethical duties. d. ones ethical responsibility may run counter to the law.

Q: Ethics requires that the promotion of human welfare be done: a. based on the personal opinions of the decision maker. b. based on the level of need of the beneficiaries. c. understanding the religious beliefs of the beneficiary. d. in a manner that is acceptable and reasonable from all relevant points of view.

Q: Which of the following best describe the norms that guide employees, implicitly more often than not, to behave in ways that the firm values and finds worthy? a. Organizational culture b. Governments financial regulations c. Industrial norms d. Legal statutes

Q: Which of the following are beliefs and principles that provide the ultimate guide to a companys decision making? a. Mission statement b. Core values c. Historical milestones d. Vision statement

Q: Which of the following is true about values? a. Values are the highest standards of appropriate and proper behavior. b. Corporate scandals prove the fact that individuals have personal values, but institutions lack values. c. Values cannot lead to unethical results. d. Values are underlying beliefs that cause us to act or to decide in a certain way.

Q: Which of the following are underlying beliefs that cause us to act or to decide one way rather than another? a. Patterns b. Codes c. Sets d. Values

Q: The crux of normative ethics is that these disciplines: a. presuppose some underlying values. b. describe what people do. c. should always involve the study or discipline of ethics. d. branch away from social ethics to personal ethics.

Q: Norms: a. are the underlying beliefs that cause people to act or to decide one way rather than another. b. are standards of appropriate and proper behavior. c. are referred to by the phrase personal integrity. d. do not presuppose any underlying values.

Q: _____ establish the guidelines or standards for determining what one should do, how one should act, what type of person one should be. a. Roles b. Attitudes c. Norms d. Laws

Q: The aspect of business ethics that examines business institutions from a social rather than an individual perspective is referred to as: a. decision making for social responsibility. b. corporate cultural responsibility. c. institutionalized ethical responsibility. d. institutional morality.

Q: Which of the following raises questions about justice, law, civic virtues, and political philosophy? a. Stipulative ethics b. Morality c. Descriptive discipline d. Social ethics

Q: _____ is that aspect of ethics that is referred to by the phrase personal integrity. a. Values b. Morality c. Social ethics d. Norms

Q: Morality is the aspect of ethics that we can refer to by the phrase _____. a. personal freedom b. individual rationality c. personal integrity d. persuasive rationality

Q: Individual codes of conduct based on ones value structures regarding how one should live, how one should act, what one should do, what kind of a person should one be etc. is sometimes referred to as _____. a. morality b. independence c. leadership d. rationality

Q: The _____ discipline provides an account of how and why people do act the way they do. a. descriptive b. supererogatory c. normative d. stipulative

Q: As a _____ discipline, ethics seeks an account of how and why people should act a certain way. a. descriptive b. supererogatory c. normative d. stipulative

Q: Ethics seeks an account of how and why people should act a certain way, rather than how they do act. This nature of ethics makes it a(n) _____ discipline. a. descriptive b. supererogatory c. normative d. stipulative

Q: Like ethics, social sciences such as psychology and sociology also examine human decision making and actions. However, these fields differ from ethics because they are _____. a. normative in nature b. descriptive in nature c. persuasive in nature d. stipulative in nature

Q: Which of the following observations is true of ethics? a. It is descriptive in nature. b. It deals with our reasoning about how we should act. c. It provides an account of how and why people act the way they do. d. It is equivalent to law-abiding behavior.

Q: Philosophers often emphasize that ethics is _____, which means that it deals with a persons reasoning about how he or she should act. a. normative b. descriptive c. stipulative d. persuasive

Q: Which of the following is an approach advocated while teaching ethics? a. Teachers should teach ethical dogma to a passive audience. b. Teachers should consider acceptance of customary norms as an adequate ethical perspective. c. Teachers should understand that their role is only to tell the right answers to their students. d. Teachers should challenge students to think for themselves.

Q: Which of the following best describes ethics? a. An academic discipline which originated in the early 1900s b. A descriptive approach that provides an account of how and why people do act the way they do c. The study of how human beings should properly live their lives d. A descriptive approach such as psychology and sociology

Q: Which of the following is the objective of the Grayson-Himes Pay for Performance Act? a. To ban future unreasonable and excessive compensation at companies receiving federal bailout money b. To set up the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in the wake of accounting scandals that rocked the private sector c. To outlaw the practice of backdating of stock options awarded to senior management d. To set upper limits on executive pay based on average employee salary in all private sector organizations