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Business Ethics
Q:
Identify the correct statement about ethical leaders.
a. Individuals perceived as ethical leaders avoid doing things that traditional leaders do.
b. A quietly ethical executive is likely to be perceived as an ethical leader.
c. An ethical leaders traits and behaviors must be socially visible.
d. Ethical leaders are not people-oriented leaders.
Q:
Which of the following is true about ethical leaders?
a. Ethical business leaders do not need to talk about ethics and act ethically on a personal level.
b. They do not say no to conduct that would be inconsistent with their organizations and their own personal values.
c. If an executive is quietly ethical within the confines of the top management team, but more distant employees do not know about her or his ethical stance, they are more likely to be perceived as an ethical leader.
d. They expect others to say no to them.
Q:
What is the role of an ethical leader in corporate cultures?
a. A leader should be ethical within the confines of the top management team.
b. An ethical leader must shrink his or her duties in the corporate structure.
c. An ethical leader should not place her or his own ethical behavior above any other consideration.
d. A leader must clearly advocate and model ethical behavior.
Q:
As compared to a traditional compliance-oriented program, an evolved and inclusive ethics program:
a. focuses on meeting regulatory requirements.
b. entails helping to unify a firms global operations.
c. strives to minimize risks of litigation and indictment.
d. works mainly toward improving accountability mechanisms.
Q:
Which of the following is true about a compliance-based culture and/or a value-based culture?
a. A compliance-based culture recognizes that where a rule does not apply the firm must rely on the personal integrity of its workforce when decisions need to be made.
b. A values-based culture is one that reinforces a particular set of rules rather than a particular set of values.
c. Values-based organizations include a compliance structure.
d. Value-based organizations do not have codes of conduct.
Q:
When would a values-based culture rely on the personal integrity of its workforce for making decisions?
a. In situations where the rules of the organization do not apply
b. When legal bodies are empowered to monitor compliance
c. In situations where rules are applicable to make decisions
d. In situations where a set of principles should be enforced
Q:
Which of the following is true about an integrity-based culture?
a. It reinforces a particular set of rules.
b. It reinforces a particular set of values.
c. It empowers legal bodies to monitor compliance.
d. It emphasizes rules as the primary responsibility of ethics.
Q:
Which of the following cultures will empower legal counsel and audit offices to mandate and to monitor conformity with the law and with internal codes?
a. Customer-based culture
b. Integrity-based culture
c. Values-based culture
d. Compliance-based culture
Q:
Which of the following is emphasized by a compliance-based culture?
a. Reliance on personal integrity of employees for decision making
b. Use of values as the principle for decision making
c. Obedience to rules as the primary responsibility of ethics
d. Reinforcement of a set of values rather than a set of rules
Q:
Which of the following is true about value-based cultures?
a. They emphasize obedience to the rules as the primary responsibility of ethics.
b. They are only as strong and as precise as the rules with which workers are expected to comply.
c. They reflect the traditional approach of classifying corporate culture.
d. These cultures are perceived to be more flexible and far-sighted corporate environments.
Q:
Which of the following is a traditional approach to corporate culture?
a. Values-based
b. Integrity-based
c. Customer-based
d. Compliance-based
Q:
According to the _____ ethics tradition, people act out of habit than out of deliberations.
a. Kantian
b. virtue
c. utilitarian
d. principle-based
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of ethical cultures?
a. Workplace ethical cultures have no impact on decision making.
b. Subordinates are expected not to act unless directed by superior authorities.
c. Decisions are expected to be taken based on laws and not on ethical values.
d. Employees are expected to act in responsible ways, even if the law does not require it.
Q:
Which of the following situations could result in the business culture becoming a determining factor in ethical decision making?
a. Lack of competition
b. Law providing incomplete answers
c. Lack of strong leadership
d. Stagnant or decreasing profits
Q:
Which of the following is true about culture?
a. The specific culture within an organization can be defined easily and objectively.
b. The incentives an organization employs do not help in determining the organizations specific culture.
c. Attitude and behavior are the biggest fraction of the elements that determine culture.
d. Perception may actually impact the culture in a circular way.
Q:
Corporate culture:
a. is fashioned by a shared pattern of beliefs, expectations, and meanings that influence and guide the thinking and behaviors of the members of that organization.
b. shapes the people who are members of the organization, but it is not shaped by the people who comprise that organization.
c. is not influenced by unspoken standards and expectations.
d. is generally easy to modify.
Q:
Which of the following is true about corporate cultures?
a. Corporate cultures are not influenced by the people comprising that organization.
b. Corporate cultures are not subject to changes over time.
c. Corporate cultures can hinder individuals in making the right decisions.
d. Corporate cultures in a global firm differ significantly across different countries.
Q:
The United States Sentencing Commission is an independent agency that regulates sentencing policies in the federal court system.
Q:
Lack of any generally accepted fundamental values for the organization is a clear sign of a toxic culture.
Q:
Whistleblowing to external groups is usually preferred over internal mechanisms for reporting wrongdoing.
Q:
One of the most determinative elements of integration is communication.
Q:
What is the biggest challenge posed by egoism?
Q:
Briefly explain the concept of virtue ethics.
Q:
Distinguish between legal and employee rights.
Q:
How is the concept of moral right central to the principle-based ethical tradition?
Q:
Explain Immanuel Kants view on the ethical principles of human rights.
Q:
What is a moral right?
Q:
What is a social contract?
Q:
How do legal rules and principles bind us to act and take decisions in certain ways?
Q:
What do principle-based, ethical frameworks address?
Q:
Briefly highlight the challenges associated with utilitarian thinking.
Q:
How does utilitarianism contradict the fundamental ethical principle: the end does not justify the means?
Q:
How does a free and competitive market help in attaining utilitarian goals?
Q:
How does utilitarianism have a strong impact on business and business ethics?
Q:
Explain how child labor may be justified in the eyes of a utilitarian.
Q:
What is an ethical framework? What does it address?
Q:
_____ is a view that holds that people act only out of self-interest.
Q:
Right to a minimum wage, equal opportunity, to bargain collectively as part of a union, and to be free from sexual harassment are examples of _____ rights.
Q:
_____ rights protect individuals from being treated in ways that would violate their dignity and that would treat them as mere objects or means.
Q:
Legal rules, organizational rules, role-based rules, and professional rules, all form a part of a _____, which functions to organize and ease relations between individuals.
Q:
A challenge associated with utilitarianism is that the essence of utilitarianism is its reliance on _____.
Q:
The _____ version of utilitarianism would by sympathetic with government regulation of business on the grounds that such regulation will ensure that business activities do contribute to the overall good.
Q:
People endorsing child labor by justifying that it brings in foreign investment within poor countries are _____.
Q:
The emphasis on producing the greatest good for the greatest number makes _____ a social philosophy that opposes policies that aim to benefit only a small social, economic, or political minority.
Q:
_____ is commonly identified with the principle of maximize the overall good or, in a slightly different version, of producing the greatest good for the greatest number.
Q:
Virtue ethics directs us to consider the _____ of individuals and how various character traits can contribute to, or obstruct a happy, meaningful life.
Q:
Which of the following focuses on the concept of business practices and what type of people these practices are creating?
a. Virtue ethics
b. Kantian ethics
c. Utilitarian ethics
d. Principle-based ethics
Q:
Virtue ethics emphasizes the more _____ side of our character.
a. affective
b. cognitive
c. conative
d. intuitive
Q:
Which of the following approaches shifts the focus from questions about what a person should do, to a focus on who that person is?
a. Altruism
b. Principle-based
c. Utilitarianism
d. Virtue ethics
Q:
Identify the view which holds that people act only out of a self-interest.
a. Altruism
b. Egoism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Libertarianism
Q:
Which of the following traditions seeks a full and detailed description of those character traits that would constitute a good and full human life?
a. Kantian ethics
b. Principle-based ethics
c. Utilitarianism
d. Virtue ethics
Q:
What is the difference between virtue ethics and principle-based ethics?
a. Virtue ethics is based on character traits, whereas principle-based ethics is based on a set of rules.
b. Virtue ethics is based on the consequences of actions, whereas principle-based ethics is based on character traits.
c. Virtue ethics is based on set of rules, whereas principle-based ethics is based on consequences of actions.
d. Virtue ethics is based on producing the greater good, whereas principle-based ethics is based on self-interest.
Q:
Which of the following approaches conceives of practical reason in terms of deciding how to act and what to do?
a. Utilitarianism
b. Virtue-based
c. Kantian
d. Altruism
Q:
Which of the following is true of ethics based on rights?
a. Rights and duties can be easily defined.
b. There is no agreement on the scope and range of rights.
c. Application of theory to real-life situations is easy.
d. Rights and desires can be easily differentiated.
Q:
Which among the following is a legal right?
a. The right to select a specific health care package
b. The right to bargain collectively as part of a union
c. The right to select a particular pension fund
d. The right to select the number of paid holidays
Q:
Which of the following statements is inferred from Rawlss theory of justice?
a. Decisions taken my seniors should be acceptable to everyone.
b. A decision which is partial is considered an unfair decision.
c. Each individual in the society should be treated differently.
d. Rights to liberty depend on the economic status of individuals.
Q:
According to the libertarian versions of social justice, _____ is the central element of social justice.
a. equality
b. government control
c. individual liberty
d. employment
Q:
The Kantian tradition claims that humans do not act only out of instinct and conditioning; they make free choices about how they live their lives, about their own ends. In this sense, humans are said to have a fundamental human right of:
a. dignity.
b. rationality.
c. autonomy.
d. dependency.
Q:
The _____ tradition claims that our fundamental human rights, and the duties that follow from them, are derived from our nature as free and rational beings.
a. utilitarian
b. virtue-based
c. role-based
d. Kantian
Q:
The concept of moral rights is central to the:
a. virtue-based ethical tradition.
b. consequence-based ethical tradition.
c. behavior-based ethical tradition.
d. principle-based ethical tradition.
Q:
A rights-based ethical framework would object to child labor because:
a. of all the likely consequences of a practice of employing young children in factories.
b. such practices are a means to production and economic growth.
c. such practices violate our duty to treat children with respect.
d. child labor does not produce beneficial consequences.
Q:
According to Immanuel Kant, there is essentially one fundamental moral duty:
a. to treat people as objects that exist for our purposes.
b. to consider the consequence of our actions.
c. to treat each person as an end in themselves.
d. to do whatever we choose to do to another person.
Q:
No group could function if members were free at all times to decide for themselves what to do and how to act. Which of the following functions to organize and ease relations between individuals?
a. Autocracy
b. Self-rule
c. Social contract
d. Personal norms
Q:
_____ ensure the integrity and proper functioning of the economic, legal, or financial systems.
a. Social functions
b. Administrative functions
c. Marketing functions
d. Gatekeeper functions
Q:
We ought to stop at a red light, even if no cars are coming and I could get to my destination that much sooner. Identify the ethical approach that follows this line of thought.
a. Virtue ethics
b. Utilitarianism
c. Role ethics
d. Ethics of principles
Q:
Which of the following approaches emphasizes the need to follow legal rules regardless of unfavorable consequences?
a. Virtue ethics
b. Utilitarianism
c. Principle-based
d. Egoism
Q:
Which of the following statements reflects the approach of a principle-based ethical tradition?
a. Obey the law
b. Ends justify the means
c. Maximize the overall good
d. Survival of the fittest
Q:
Which of the following ethical approaches binds us to act or decide in certain ways?
a. Kantian ethics
b. Utilitarianism
c. Virtue ethics
d. Principle-based ethics
Q:
Which ethical framework goes against the ethical principle of obeying certain duties or responsibilities, no matter the end result?
a. Principle-based framework of ethics
b. Kantian framework of ethics
c. Virtue ethics framework of ethics
d. Utilitarian framework of ethics
Q:
Which of the following is a problem with utilitarian ethics?
a. Its need to count, measure, compare, and quantify consequences
b. Utilitarianisms focus on the means
c. The focus on the good of individuals compared to the overall good
d. The necessity to follow rules with no regard to consequence
Q:
The essence of utilitarianism is its:
a. focus on personal character.
b. reliance on consequences.
c. focus on principles.
d. reliance on moral systems.
Q:
How is a market version of utilitarianism different from an administrative version?
a. The market version ensures that experts establish the safety standards a business is expected to meet.
b. The market version uses social sciences to predict consequences.
c. The market version requires a government body to regulate business.
d. The market version produces those goods that the consumers want.
Q:
Which of the following would be advocated by the administrative version of utilitarianism?
a. Deregulation of advertising standards
b. Reliance on free and competitive markets
c. Risk-taking by consumers
d. Government regulation of business
Q:
Which of the following is true of a market version of utilitarianism?
a. Questions of safety and risk are determined by experts.
b. Social science determines policies to maximize the overall good.
c. Individuals calculate for themselves what risks they wish to take.
d. A government regulator determines the safety standards in the marketplace.
Q:
According to the _____, the most efficient economy is structured based on the principles of free market capitalism.
a. Kantian framework of ethics
b. principle-based framework of ethics
c. utilitarian framework of ethics
d. virtue-based framework of ethics
Q:
The utilitarian tradition relies on _____ for deciding on the ethical legitimacy of alternative decisions.
a. intuition
b. experience
c. variable analysis
d. social sciences
Q:
Which of the following traditions would support child labor if it produces better overall consequences than the available alternatives?
a. Virtue ethics
b. Deontological ethics
c. Utilitarianism
d. Classicism
Q:
Which of the following principles does utilitarianism emphasize?
a. Producing the greatest good for the greatest number
b. Acting only out of self-interest
c. Ensuring that a fair decision is an impartial decision
d. Obeying the law and keeping promises
Q:
Which of the following traditions is commonly identified with the rule of producing the greatest good for the greatest number?
a. Principle-based
b. Kantian
c. Virtue
d. Utilitarianism
Q:
What is the difference between a principle-based framework of ethics and utilitarianism?
a. Ethics of principles is based on self-interest, whereas utilitarianism is based on human rights.
b. Ethics of principles is based on human rights, whereas utilitarianism is based on self-interest.
c. Ethics of principles is based on rules, whereas utilitarianism is based on consequences.
d. Ethics of principles is based on consequences, whereas utilitarianism is based on rules.