Q&A Hero

Q: _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) encompasses philanthropic activities targeted toward programs that generate the most positive publicity or goodwill for the organization.

Q: The _____ approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) argues that philanthropic initiatives are authorized without concern for the corporation's overall profitability.

Q: Critics have argued that, from an ethical perspective, _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) is immoral since it represents a violation of shareholder rights if they are not given the opportunity to vote on the initiatives launched its name.

Q: _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a philanthropic approach to CSR in which organizations underwrite specific initiatives to give back to the company's local community or to designated national or international programs.

Q: When organizations pursue a clearly defined sense of social conscience in managing their financial responsibilities to shareholders, their legal responsibilities to their local community and society as a whole, and their ethical responsibilities to do the right thing for all their stakeholders, they are following an _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative.

Q: _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the most legitimate type of CSR.

Q: Many companies' annual reports reflect a _____ approach that includes updates on their social and environmental activities in addition to their bottom-line financial performance.

Q: According to Joseph F. Keefe, _____ is a major trend behind the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomenon that does not allow companies to conceal their business practices.

Q: Companies that support the policy of _____ believe that doing what's best in the long-term interest of the customer is ultimately doing what's best for the company.

Q: According to the modern social contract approach, by recognizing stakeholders rather than just their _____, corporations must maintain a long-term perspective than just delivering quarterly earnings numbers.

Q: The _____ refers to the perspective that a corporation has an obligation to society over and above the expectations of its shareholders.

Q: The _____ approach to corporate management is considered simplistic because it focuses on the internal world of the corporation itself and assumes that there are no external consequences to the actions of the corporation and its managers.

Q: According to Milton Friedman, it would be unethical for a corporation to do anything other than deliver the profits for which its investors have entrusted it with their funds in the purchase of shares in the corporation. This illustrates the _____ to corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Q: _____ argued that in the instrumental approach it would be unethical for a corporation to do anything other than deliver profits for its investors.

Q: The _____ approach to corporate management states that the only obligation of a corporation is to maximize profits for its shareholders.

Q: _____ implies that an organization operates with an awareness of its obligation to the society.

Q: _____ refers to the actions of an organization that target toward achieving a social benefit over and above maximizing profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations.

Q: _____ implies that an organization is responsible for meeting all its legal and social obligations.

Q: Organizations pursue operational efficiency through detailed monitoring of their _____, that is, how much money is left after all the bills have been paid from the revenue generated from the sale of their product or service. A. strategic policies B. bottom line C. employment remuneration D. financial resourcing

Q: Why is it difficult for many organizations to make the transition from corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a theoretical concept to CSR as an operational policy? A. Corporations are aware of the disintegrative strategy that CSR can deploy and hence do not engage in its initiatives. B. Employees refuse to work with such initiatives as they do not get paid for it. C. Managers are unable to design initiatives that will benefit their company and the public. D. Delayed response in financial gains tests the commitment of those organizations that are inclined to dispense with experimental initiatives.

Q: The most famous advocate of the instrumental approach model to corporate social responsibility is the Nobel Prize-winning economist _____. A. Milton Friedman B. Henry Ford II C. Jim Roberts D. Joseph F. Keefe

Q: The definition of corporate social responsibility as the actions of an organization that prioritize social benefit over maximizing profits and meeting legal obligations assumes that: A. the corporation has maximum market share. B. the corporation is operating in a competitive environment. C. the corporation is committed to a non-aggressive growth strategy. D. the laws of the country in which the corporation operates is not too restrictive.

Q: Another term for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is _____. A. corporate absolutism B. corporate consequentialism C. corporate citizenship D. corporate ownership

Q: The practices of making a company's operations _____ to offset damage to the environment through their greenhouse gas emissions was initially developed as a solution for those industries that face significant challenges in reducing their emissions. A. focus on consumerism B. environmentally harmless C. backward integrated D. carbon neutral

Q: _____ is one of the newest and increasingly questionable practices in the world of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A. Risk management B. Water conservation C. Positive greenhouse approach D. Carbon neutral operations

Q: _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the philanthropic approach to CSR in which organizations target programs that will generate the most positive publicity or goodwill for the organization but which runs the greatest risk of being perceived as self-serving behavior on the part of the organization. A. Altruistic B. Ethical C. Economic D. Strategic

Q: Bector Airlines supports relief camps in the Republic of Cadmia with donations of both money and employee-donated volunteer hours. It also provides packaged food in times of natural crises such as hurricanes, earthquakes, etc. This is an example of _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR). A. strategic B. economic C. altruistic D. ethical

Q: In _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizations take a philanthropic approach by underwriting specific initiatives to give back to the company's local community or to designated national or international programs. A. altruistic B. Kantian C. utilitarian D. deontological

Q: Organizations pursuing a clearly defined sense of social conscience in managing their financial responsibilities to shareholders, their legal responsibilities to their local community and society as a whole, and their ethical responsibilities to do the right thing for all their stakeholders follow a(n) _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. A. altruistic B. strategic C. ethical D. economic

Q: A criticism of the triple bottom-line (3BL) approach is that _____. A. it does not take a holistic view of what constitutes sustainability for a company B. it has a narrow view of what constitutes profit for a company C. there is a higher focus on financial goals rather than on social and environmental goals D. there is no record or real evidence on how it can be measured

Q: Which of the following illustrates a firm having a triple bottom-line (3BL) approach? A. Adbel Inc. issues free meal coupons to its employees. B. Brenerz Enterprises reduces its industrial waste by half and provides cab services for its employees. C. Brink-T Technologies donates ten percent of its profit to charity, reduces toxic emission from its plants, and has ten percent increase in financial turnovers. D. Amelia and Lewis Enterprises provides longer maternity/paternity leaves and free medical insurances for all their employees.

Q: The approach that considers a company's social, financial, and environmental impact rather than focusing solely on its financial impact is the _____ approach. A. corporate governance B. double bottom-line C. ethical governance D. triple bottom-line

Q: Corporations that experiment with corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives run the risk of creating adverse results as: A. employees feel that they are working for an insincere, uncaring organization. B. the public sector is considered the best or most appropriate venue for addressing a growing list of social problems. C. customers feel ignored since the corporation focuses solely on helping the community. D. the organization sees the benefit of CSR but does not feel the need to develop the concept.

Q: A true statement about corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives is that they _____. A. have maximum efficiency when approached from a strict view of just profit maximization B. do not generate long-term financial gains to the organization C. do not always generate immediate financial gains to the organization D. have been easily transformed from being a theoretical concept to an operational concept

Q: According to Joseph F. Keefe, which of the following is true of the major trends behind the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomenon? A. Companies easily conceal whatever they do (good or ill) as it will not be known at all. B. Globalization represents a new stage of capitalist development, this time with public institutions in place to protect society by balancing private corporate interests against broader public interests. C. Corporations are under increasing pressure from diverse stakeholder constituencies to demonstrate that business plans and strategies are environmentally sound and contribute to sustainable development. D. In the United States and other developed nations, citizens have complete confidence in the public sector as the best and most appropriate venue for addressing a growing list of social problems.

Q: According to Joseph F. Keefe, which of the following is a major trend behind the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomenon? A. Nationalization B. Globalization C. The failure of the private sector D. The failure of the industrial sector

Q: Which of the following, according to Joseph F. Keefe, is a major trend behind the phenomenon of corporate social responsibility (CSR)? A. Increased transparency of companies B. Increased nationalization C. Failure of the private sector D. Failure of globalization in corporations

Q: The policy of corporate social responsibility (CSR), where doing what's best for the customers translates into what's best for the company in the long run, exemplifies the _____. A. social contagion theory B. concept of doing well by doing good C. concept of the unity of opposites D. effective altruism theory

Q: Henry Ford II recognized that _____. A. corporations' actions have no impact on their environmental conditions B. corporations do not operate in an isolated environment C. corporations were only economic enterprises and not social institutions D. corporations have no responsibility toward their shareholders or their stakeholders

Q: According to the _____ to management, by recognizing stakeholders and not just shareholders, corporations must maintain a long-term perspective rather than simply delivering quarterly earnings numbers. A. social contract approach B. Kantian approach C. virtue approach D. instrumental approach

Q: What is the difference between the old social contract approach and the modern social contract approach to corporate management? A. The old social contract emphasizes advancement in the quality of life, whereas the modern social contract approach emphasizes monetary and financial advancement. B. The old social contract approach argues that there is an obligation for the corporation to meet the demands of society, whereas the modern social contract approach argues that a company's obligation is only to its shareholders. C. The modern social contract approach focuses on the delivery of quarterly earnings numbers, from a short-term perspective, whereas the old social contract focuses on maintaining a longer-term perspective. D. The modern social contract approach aims to meet the demands of all stakeholders and the shareholders, whereas the old social contract approach was based only on economic growth.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the social contract approach to corporate management? A. The primary focus of the old social contract laid emphasis on equal advancement in the quality of life and economic growth. B. The modern social contract approach argues that there is an obligation for the corporation to meet the demands of society rather than just the demands of a targeted group of customers. C. The consequences of the modern social contract approach to corporate management is growth at the expense of rising costs, wages growing at a lower rate than inflation, and so on. D. The main focus of the old social contract was to maintain a longer-term perspective than just the delivery of quarterly earnings numbers.

Q: Hoffmann Enterprises (HE), a manufacturer of industrial goods, primarily focuses on meeting the demands of the market with quality products. It also undertakes environmental protection endeavors that promote the use of renewable sources of energy. HE illustrates the _____ approach to corporate management. A. free-enterprise B. instrumental C. shareholder D. social contract

Q: Which of the following best illustrates the social contract approach to corporate management? A. Indibean Inc. promotes extensive work shifts. B. Armac Inc. asks its employees to work on holidays to increase profits. C. At Clark Enterprises, there have been substantial layoffs to control costs. D. At Redder Enterprises, employees' wages have grown at a higher rate than inflation.

Q: The _____ approach to corporate management refers to the perspective that a corporation has an obligation to society over and above the expectations of its shareholders. A. social contract B. shareholder C. free-enterprise D. instrumental

Q: Which approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) assumes that there are no external consequences to the actions of the corporation and its managers? A. Instrumental approach B. Social contract approach C. Trident approach D. Utilitarian approach

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Milton Friedman's view of the corporate world? A. Friedman argues that it is not considered unethical for a corporation to just deliver the profits of the company to the society rather than delivering it to its investors. B. Friedman's position illustrates that an organization has a social responsibility that goes beyond serving the interests of their stockholders. C. Friedman's theory that a company no longer requires senior executives to be accountable to the board of directors has been a crucial turning point in the business world. D. Friedman argues that, as an employee of the corporation, a manager has an ethical obligation to fulfill his role in delivering on the expectations of his employers.

Q: Which of the following companies implements Milton Friedman's view of the corporate world? A. A company that donates a certain portion of profit to an organization for underprivileged children B. A company that makes as much profit as possible to ensure that the investments made by the company are successful C. A company that stipulates that profits should be earned at any cost, be it deception or fraud D. A company that believes its social responsibility is beyond serving the interests of its stockholders

Q: Spark Inc. (SI), a multinational corporation, had reported large losses in the previous financial year. To overcome these losses, the company planned to take the instrumental approach to corporate management. Which of the following best illustrates this approach? A. It provides employees with healthy meals and has a gymnasium at the workplace. B. It provides employees with cab services or gives them fuel allowance. C. It uses its resources to enhance the productivity of employees and thus increases profits. D. It uses biodegradable plastic containers in its office cafeteria.

Q: Which of the following is an example of an organization's instrumental approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR)? A. Anonymous Minds, an advertising firm, provides employees with healthy meals and has a gymnasium at their workplace. B. Anderson Inc. provides employees with cab services or gives them full fuel allowance. C. Larsen's Corp., an investment company, uses different mechanisms to increase profits and has performance incentives for its employees. D. GreenSpin Inc. uses biodegradable plastic containers in its office cafeteria.

Q: The instrumental approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) states that: A. the only obligation of a corporation is to promote socialist economic planning. B. a corporation has an obligation to society over and above the expectations of its shareholders. C. the only obligation of a corporation is to maximize profits for its shareholders. D. a corporation has an obligation to the community and environment.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of corporate social responsibility (CSR)? A. The social contract approach to CSR states that the only obligation of a corporation is to maximize profits for its shareholders. B. The awakening to CSR for most companies happened only after being surprised by public responses to issues that had not previously been a part of their business responsibilities. C. The instrumental approach to CSR states that a corporation has an obligation to society over and above the expectations of its shareholders. D. The ideology of CSR speaks about doing no harm, fostering trust, and improving "customer confidence in the integrity of the marketing exchange system."

Q: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) always assumes that a corporation is: A. operating in a competitive environment. B. reluctant in committing itself to follow a retrenchment strategy. C. permitted to ignore federal and state legal obligations. D. working only toward achieving its profit goals.

Q: Which of the following illustrates that a company has failed at implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR)? A. It does not provide stock options for its employees. B. It does not pay all taxes related to the profitable business operations. C. It does not operate in hazardous working environments. D. It does not provide flexible working hours to its employees.

Q: In addition to achieving social benefits, which of the following best illustrates an example of a company effectively implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR)? A. It provides its employees with free lunch. B. It allows flexible working hours for its employees. C. It gives better pricing deals to older clients. D. It fulfills all its legal obligations.

Q: Happy Times (HT) is an alcohol manufacturing brand that deals with several types of alcoholic beverages. HT uses social media for promoting the message of responsible drinking. It sponsors the FreeTaxi program for customers with HT membership on Christmas and New Year's Eve. It has also initiated several community welfare projects where a percentage of the profits go to the Hunger Relief Fund for Children. In the given scenario, which of the following is best illustrated? A. Ethical ambiguity B. Universal ethics C. Emotional contagion D. Corporate citizenship

Q: Which of the following is an example of corporate social responsibility (CSR)? A. Brenner Enterprises gives its employees greater freedom in choosing projects. B. Dawson Inc. uses a clean-fuel technology shuttle for employee conveyance. C. Larsen Inc. provides free lunch coupons to its employees. D. Infinite Corp. promotes team building activities for employees.

Q: The term "_____" is best defined as the actions of an organization that are targeted toward achieving a social benefit over and above maximizing profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations. A. value ethics B. virtue ethics C. corporate conscience D. corporate aggressiveness

Q: The Chicago Climate Futures Exchange (CCFE) promotes the standardization of carbon trading on a global scale.

Q: The Kyoto Protocol requires developed nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions only by modifying their domestic industries.

Q: The practice of making operations "carbon neutral" is a way to offset whatever damage is being done to the environment due to greenhouse gas emissions by purchasing credits from "carbon-positive" projects to balance out emissions.

Q: Emissions credits are fixed for every market, and they cannot be bought or sold.

Q: The practices of making a company's operations "carbon neutral" was initially developed as a solution for those industries, such as airlines or automobile companies, that face significant challenges in reducing their emissions.

Q: One of the newest and increasingly questionable practices in the world of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the notion of making operations "carbon neutral."

Q: In contrast to the alleged immorality of altruistic corporate social responsibility (CSR), critics argue that strategic CSR is ethically commendable since these initiatives benefit stakeholders while meeting fiduciary obligations to the company's shareholders.

Q: Strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) targets programs that will generate the most positive publicity or goodwill for the organization.

Q: Strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) runs the greatest risk of being perceived as self-serving behavior on the part of the organization.

Q: Altruistic corporate social responsibility (CSR) targets programs that will generate the most positive publicity or goodwill for the organization.

Q: The country of Cadmia was hit by a hurricane. Singerz Corporation responded to the devastation caused by the hurricane by donating fuel for transportation supplying relief aid. In addition, it announced a direct cash donation of $1 million to support the relief and rebuilding efforts. This is an example of strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Q: Critics have argued that, from an ethical perspective, altruistic corporate social responsibility (CSR) is immoral since it represents a violation of shareholder rights if they are not given the opportunity to vote on the initiatives launched in the name of corporate social responsibility.

Q: Altruistic corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents a type of CSR in which organizations pursue a clearly defined sense of social conscience in managing their financial responsibilities to shareholders, their legal responsibilities, and their ethical responsibilities to do the right thing for all their stakeholders.

Q: Ethical corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a philanthropic approach to corporate social responsibility in which organizations underwrite specific initiatives to give back to the company's local community or to designated national or international programs.

Q: Ethical CSR is the purest or most legitimate form of CSR.

Q: There are four distinctive types of corporate social responsibility (CSR)economic, ethical, altruistic, and strategic.

Q: Anderson Enterprises (AE) issues free meal coupons to its employees and also provides them with travel allowances. This illustrates that AE pursues the triple bottom-line approach.

Q: There are several standard ways to measure the achievements of the triple bottom-line approach.

Q: Corporations merely experimenting with corporate social responsibility initiatives run the risk of creating adverse results as the public sees little more than a token action that is concerned with publicity rather than community.

Q: All CSR initiatives invariably generate immediate financial gains to the organization after implementation.

Q: Organizations find it easy to make the transition from corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a theoretical concept to CSR as an operational policy due to the major trends driving it.

Q: U.S. citizens consider the public sector as the most appropriate venue for addressing a growing list of social problems.