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Business Ethics
Q:
The UN Global Compact:
A. ignores issues of environmental concern.
B. is the largest initiative of its kind in the world.
C. applies only to organizations operating in developed nations.
D. is a regulatory instrument that polices organizations.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the UN Global Compact?
A. It encourages actions that cause the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
B. It ignores the exploitation of less-developed countries by multinational corporations.
C. It comprises laws that are legally enforced by the United Nations.
D. It serves as a guideline for transparency and public accountability.
Q:
_____ is one of the four key areas of concern upon which the UN Global Compact focuses.
A. Corporate tax
B. Foreign exchange
C. Anticorruption
D. Over-population
Q:
Which of the following is a characteristic of the UN Global Compact?
A. It is a standard of business practice that all countries are expected to follow, by law.
B. It is a set of mandatory rules by which multinational corporations are expected to operate.
C. It is a body of rules that deals exclusively with fair pricing and customer satisfaction.
D. It is a voluntary corporate initiative that promotes good corporate citizenship.
Q:
Which of the following bodies has approached the issue of standardizing global ethical conduct by promoting behavior guidelines that multinational corporations can publicly support?
A. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
B. The Government Accountability Office
C. The Bureau of Economic Analysis
D. The Organization for Economic Growth and Standardization
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of enforcing global ethics?
A. Nations of the world will experience no difficulty adhering to global standards for ethical performance.
B. Enforcing global ethics requires that all multinational companies follow the philosophy of utilitarianism.
C. Companies may be held accountable for ethical performance within their home countries.
D. Nations of the world will experience no difficulty governing their internal politics when implementing a global ethical standard.
Q:
Why were the guidelines offered by Richard DeGeorge for organizations doing business in other countries criticized?
A. They overlooked issues related to the quality of goods produced.
B. They did not advocate working with or respecting local customs of other countries.
C. They represented the utilitarianism belief that the ends justify the means in all circumstances.
D. They advocate doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the guidelines offered by Richard DeGeorge for organizations doing business in other countries?
A. They represented an ethical ideal that, at best, provided a conceptual foundation.
B. They were lauded for covering all the severe types of business transgressions.
C. They only addressed multinational corporations working in developed countries.
D. They endorsed the principles of utilitarianism which states that the ends always justify the means.
Q:
A general standard of business practice that can be applied equally to all countries over and above their local customs and social norms is called a _____.
A. contextual code of relativism
B. universal code of utilitarianism
C. global code of conduct
D. conceptual code of ethics
Q:
An organization can move its ethical commitment to a global scale successfully by:
A. creating an ethical standard that respects the local customs of other countries.
B. increasing the scale of their policies and procedures to a higher degree than in other countries.
C. translating all their existing policies into the local language of the countries in which they will operate.
D. working in the absence of standard ethical policies wherever possible.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of less-developed countries and multinational corporations in the context of globalization?
A. Multinational corporations tend not to see less-developed countries as potential consumer markets.
B. The labor power of less-developed countries does not attract the attention of multinational corporations.
C. The long-term economic viability of less-developed countries is threatened by the activities of multinational corporations.
D. Multinational corporations prefer not to invest their time and effort in less-developed countries.
Q:
A fact about the effect of globalization is that multinational corporations:
A. often take advantage of the unrestrictive legal environments of less-developed countries.
B. have fewer ways in which they can reduce their production costs or increase their sales.
C. have limited access to the labor force or natural resources of less-developed countries.
D. often exploit the natural resources of developed countries without facing any consequences.
Q:
Which of the following is a disadvantage of globalization?
A. The prices of consumer goods have increased as a result of higher production costs.
B. Multinational corporations no longer see developing countries as potential consumers.
C. Foreign investors focus on developed countries and not the less-developed countries.
D. Multinational corporations are depleting the natural resources of less-developed countries.
Q:
Which of the following is an advantage of globalization?
A. National markets have successfully taken over regional trade blocs on a global scale.
B. Children are no longer offered employment in "sweatshop" production facilities.
C. Multinational corporations are unable to exploit the people of less-developed countries.
D. Developing nations can leverage their natural resources to attract foreign investment.
Q:
A multinational company working in a less-developed nation will face ethical relativism when:
A. the local customs of the less-developed nation come into conflict with the company's policies.
B. the less-developed nation is characterized by social stability and economic growth.
C. the local customs of the less-developed nation accommodate the company's code of ethics.
D. the less-developed nation possesses a bureaucracy that is related to a logical reality.
Q:
Which of the following philosophical positions is adopted by multinational corporations when working in countries whose laws and regulations are less restrictive than the one in their own country?
A. Ethical relativism
B. Aesthetic relativism
C. Motive consequentialism
D. Ethical consequentialism
Q:
_____ is a gray area in which a person's ethical principles are defined by the traditions of his or her society, personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment.
A. Methodological relativism
B. Ethical consequentialism
C. Ethical relativism
D. Motive consequentialism
Q:
Multinational companies are also known as _____.
A. transnational corporations
B. intranational trade blocs
C. regional trade blocs
D. transcontinental bureaus
Q:
Globalization raises concerns about the:
A. restricted access multinational companies have to all less-developed countries.
B. ethical behavior of economically advanced nations toward developing ones.
C. inability of multinational companies to reduce their production costs.
D. lack of currency flow in foreign exchange markets.
Q:
How has globalization affected the economy?
A. Transnational markets have given way to national markets.
B. Regional trade blocs have been replaced by domestic markets.
C. National markets are becoming less dependent on each other.
D. National markets are being overtaken by regional trade blocs.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of globalization?
A. It makes countries and markets more independent of each other.
B. It leads to the replacement of regional trade blocs with national markets.
C. It impacts the commercial, economic, social, and political environment.
D. It offers multinational companies fewer ways to reduce their expenses.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of utilitarianism?
A. Its doctrine states that the ends do not justify the means under any circumstances.
B. Its use leads to situations in which there is no accountability for individual actions.
C. It is an ethical philosophy that considers pleasure as the ultimate motive for human actions.
D. It is a theory that considers all action taken in one's self-interest ethical.
Q:
_____ refers to ethical choices that consider the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
A. Utilitarianism
B. Centralism
C. Astigmatism
D. Autonomism
Q:
Less-developed nations are countries which:
A. have poor economic, social, and technological infrastructure.
B. are characterized by social stability and high standards of living.
C. are immune to the effects of economic phenomenon like inflation.
D. have strong bureaucracies and are characterized by political stability.
Q:
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises do not address the issue of taxation.
Q:
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were criticized because they failed to address consumer interests.
Q:
The principles and standards of organizational behavior set down by the UN Global Compact cover more issues than the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.
Q:
The guidelines set down by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are legally binding.
Q:
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises represents a less governmental approach to the same issues featured in the UN's nongovernmental Global Compact.
Q:
As per the UN Global Compact, businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges.
Q:
As per the labor standards of the UN Global Compact, businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.
Q:
The UN Global Compact, which encourages organizations to make a voluntary commitment to corporate citizenship, is widely recognized as the world's largest initiative of its kind.
Q:
The UN Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency, and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labor, and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles on which the Global Compact is based.
Q:
The UN Global Compact actively polices the behavior of multinational corporations.
Q:
The UN Global Compact deals exclusively with two key areas of concern: fair pricing and customer satisfaction.
Q:
The UN Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative endorsing 10 key principles that focus on four key areas of concern: the environment, anticorruption, the welfare of workers around the world, and global human rights.
Q:
The UN Global Compact is a set of mandatory rules to which multinational corporations are expected to adhere. Companies that fail to comply with these rules are blacklisted by the U.S. Government.
Q:
The UN Global Compact represents a commitment on the part of its members to promote good corporate citizenship.
Q:
Enforcing a global ethical standard would require all parties involved to agree on acceptable standards of behavior and appropriate consequences for failing to abide by those standards.
Q:
The guidelines set down by Richard DeGeorge for organizations doing business in other countries were criticized because they only dealt with the issues of bribery, false advertising, and the use of sweatshops in the production process. FALSE
Q:
The global code of conduct is a general standard of business practice that can be applied only to undeveloped countries in accordance with their local customs and social norms.
Q:
According to Richard DeGeorge's guidelines for organizations doing business in other countries, multinationals are responsible for redesigning the transfer of hazardous technologies so that such technologies can be safely administered in host countries.
Q:
Richard DeGeorge fails to emphasize the importance of working with the local culture in the guidelines he set down for organizations doing business in other countries.
Q:
In the guidelines he set down for organizations doing business in other countries, Richard DeGeorge stated that it was acceptable for a company to harm the host country only if it served the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Q:
The financial strength of the Western nations has made developing nations more amenable to accepting general standards of business practice.
Q:
The European Economic Community is an example of a regional trade bloc.
Q:
If there are no clear local ethical standards, companies find themselves tempted to take maximum advantage of the less stringent laws and regulations of local markets.
Q:
Moving the ethical commitment of an organization to a global stage requires nothing more than increasing the scale of the policies and procedures.
Q:
The downside of globalization is that corporations are free to take full advantage of less restrictive legal environments in developing countries.
Q:
Globalization benefits corporations from economically advanced nations because access to resources in developing nations enables lower production costs that equate to lower prices and higher income standards for their customers.
Q:
Ethical relativism arises when a multinational company comes up against a policy that is banned both in its own country and in the country with which it's doing business.
Q:
Ethical relativism refers to a philosophy that dictates that individuals must only make such choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Q:
The growth of multinational corporations, as a global phenomenon, has raised no ethical issues.
Q:
Multinational corporations include those corporations that generate products and/or services in multiple countries and implement operational policies (marketing, staffing, and production) that go beyond national boundaries.
Q:
Multinational corporations are also known as intranational corporations.
Q:
A multinational corporation is a company that provides and sells products and services across multiple national borders.
Q:
Globalization refers to the expansion of international trade to a point where, across the globe, regional trade blocs have overtaken national markets.
Q:
The term "globalization" has applications in commercial, economic, social, and political environments.
Q:
The term "globalization" refers to the phenomenon that divided the world into two opposing factions during the Cold War.
Q:
According to the principles of utilitarianism, there is no accountability for individual actions when one focuses on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Q:
Utilitarianism is a theory in ethics that advocates making choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Q:
For organizations, international markets represent new customers as well as sources of cheaper materials and cheap labor.
Q:
A developed nation is a country that enjoys a high standard of living as measured by economic, social, and technological criteria.
Q:
A less-developed nation is a country that lacks the economic, social, and technological infrastructure of a developed nation.
Q:
Thin consent leaves employees with little choice regarding the monitoring of their web activity at the workplace.
Q:
According to Adam Moore, consent given by employees with little choice is referred to as thick consent.
Q:
Advances in technology make it harder for employers to assign work to their employees outside the workplace.
Q:
With advances in technology, the availability of employees in the business environment is no longer defined by their accessibility.
Q:
The concept of "at work" has become blurred because of the advances in computer technology and the new capability of telecommuting.
Q:
Telecommuting does not allow employees any degree of flexibility in terms of the location from which they work.
Q:
The new technological capability that allows employees to work from locations other than their office and log into their company's network remotely is known as telecommuting.
Q:
The argument over privacy at work traditionally centered on the amount of time that employees were on-site.
Q:
The availability of ongoing technological advancements has made it easier to determine precisely where work ends and personal life begins.
Q:
From an employer's perspective, monitoring an employee's computer activity at the workplace is necessary to map their productivity during work hours.
Q:
Employers feel it necessary to monitor employees at the workplace because they have an obligation to their stakeholders to operate as efficiently as possible.
Q:
Sending digitized information across fiber-optic wires raises no ethical questions.
Q:
Customer service call centers and computer tech support are examples of services that cannot be outsourced to another country.
Q:
Information, once digitized, cannot be sent over a fiber-optic cable.
Q:
One of the ways in which multinational corporations lower their expenses is by shipping work to countries with lower labor costs.
Q:
Technological advances over the last two decades have made it possible for some employers to read the personal e-mails that employees send from their workstations.