Q&A Hero

Q: According to Ridley, examples of unintentional racism included all of the following EXCEPT: a. avoiding the issue of cultural differences, by claiming to be color blind and treating all people as if they were alike. b. assuming that a clients problems are due to the clients cultural background. c. interpreting a lack of trust in the counselor due to the fact that the counselor is of a different race than the client. d. facilitating co-dependency relationships with ethnic clients out of a need to be accepted. e. misinterpreting a clients culturally-learned patterns of communicating or behaving.

Q: The term culturally encapsulated counselor refers to a counselor who: a. counsels in a setting where the clients are not diverse. b. defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions and fails to evaluate other viewpoints, which renders the counselor insensitive to cultural variations. c. understands that all counseling is cross-cultural. d. considers evidence that challenges his or her assumptions. e. has internalized some of societys biases.

Q: The primary difference between counselors and other mental health professionals is: a. only counselors provide mental health counseling services. b. only counselors use the term counseling to describe the service that they provide to clients. c. counseling is the primary professional service that counselors provide. d. counselors do not diagnose and treat mental illnesses. e. the primary service that counselors provide to clients is to connect them with resources in their communities that can help the clients achieve greater wellness.

Q: The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP): a. sets standards for preparing counselors, social workers, and school psychologists. b. requires that an individual hold a doctoral degree in order to be CACREP-certified. c. encourages faculty who train counselors to have diverse backgrounds as counselors, counseling psychologists, and clinical social workers. d. requires that training programs offer a 300-clock-hour practicum and a 300-clock hour internship. e. has been generally accepted as the model curriculum for training counselors.

Q: A fundamental tenet of the wellness model is that: a. traditionally, it has been espoused by members of all the helping professions (e.g., counselors, social workers, and psychologists), rather than by medical professionals. b. the primary goal is to alleviate suffering. c. people can transcend their environmental limitations. d. mental health exists along a continuum. e. scientific principles are applied to cure the clients identified mental illness.

Q: Professionalism in counseling includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. being intrinsically motivated to achieve best practices in counseling. b. taking pride in ones profession. c. holding a doctorate in counseling or a related field. d. understanding the history and philosophy of the profession. e. representing the profession to the public in a positive and vigorous manner.

Q: All of the following statements about advertising ones services in an ethical manner are true, EXCEPT: a. the ACA Code of Ethics imposes strict criteria and restrictions on advertising. b. counselors must correct misrepresentations of their qualifications if they learn about such misrepresentations. c. counselors are required to distinguish between paid and volunteer work experience when they advertise their qualifications. d. counselors must present their credentials accurately. e. many counselors hold multiple credentials and it is ethical to list all relevant credentials on their business cards.

Q: Certification is a process: a. that is exclusively for school counselors. b. through which official state agencies certify individuals as qualified to hold certain state jobs. c. that protects the title of counselor in some states. d. is always voluntary, whereas licensure is required. e. that prevents individuals from practicing counseling unless they hold at least a masters degree.

Q: The most significant problem within the counseling profession today, according to the authors of the text, appears to be: a. receiving third party reimbursement. b. increasing salaries for masters level clinicians. c. becoming a united and societally-recognized profession. d. increasing the publication of experimental research studies. e. convincing legislators to make counseling services available to everyone for a reasonable charge.

Q: All of the following are steps toward professionalization EXCEPT: a. getting state laws passed that regulate the practice of the profession. b. changing names to reduce identification with other professions. c. developing a code of ethics. d. requiring members of the profession to possess specialized knowledge and skills. e. offering services that are identical to services offered by other similar professions.

Q: The school counseling movement in the United States resulted as a consequence of which major event? a. the Russians launching Sputnik. b. the assassination of John F. Kennedy. c. the Cuban Missile Crisis. d. The American Psychological Associations declaration that only doctoral-level psychologists would be recognized as professionals. e. the national legislation that ensured education for all handicapped persons.

Q: Within the counseling profession, the primary national voluntary certification agency is: a. American Mental Health Counselors Association b. American Counseling Association c. American Association for Counseling and Development d. National Board for Certified Counselors e. National Registry of Certified Counselors

Q: Counseling aims to help clients: a. become autonomous and no longer need other people in their lives. b. have a place to go that is comforting and supportive. c. learn to counsel themselves. d. have a person who can offer sound advice and solve their problems for them. e. be empowered to problem-solve independently.

Q: Counselors who practice from a developmental perspective: a. focus on the physical development of their clients because physical development has a significant impact on the emotional well-being of clients. b. focus on the intellectual development of their clients because clients must be taught to understand themselves in order to function more effectively. c. see personal development as a difficult goal to attain and requires the help of counselors who understand the human condition. d. view most problems people encounter as natural and normal since all developmental stages of life bring challenges. e. believe that all stages of life traumatize clients and, thus, the counselors role is to treat the trauma their clients have experienced.

Q: Within the counseling profession, the primary goal of counseling is to: a. help clients achieve wellness. b. cure illnesses of clients. c. identify and treat mental illnesses. d. understand the illnesses with which clients present for counseling. e. help clients understand unresolved emotional issues.

Q: A core belief that members of the counseling profession hold concerning helping others with their mental health concerns is: a. it is important to identify the illness presented by clients. b. the goal is to help clients return to the level of functioning enjoyed before the illness occurred. c. remediation is the most appropriate means in dealing with emotional and personal problems. d. prevention and early intervention are the most appropriate means to deal with emotional and personal problems. e. in most cases, giving support is all that is necessary for people to resolve their personal crises.

Q: Counselors with a strong professional identity are able to do all of the following EXCEPT: a. describe the services their profession renders to the public. b. articulate the similarities and differences between their profession and other similar groups. c. show pride in belonging to the counseling profession. d. demonstrate that they hold a masters degree from a CACREP-accredited program. e. explain the philosophy that underlies the activities of counselors.

Q: When a counselor discovers that a client holds values that are dramatically different from the counselors own values, the counselor should: a. try to gently persuade the client to re-examine his or her values. b. respect the clients values, even though the counselor disagrees with them. c. immediately refer the client to another counselor. d. give the client some reading material that will broaden his or her perspective. ask the client how he or she would feel if people discriminated against him or her because of values held.

Q: The ACA Code of Ethics: a. helps to stabilize the profession. b. answers nearly all questions that a counselor might have. c. sets forth ethical responsibilities that never change. d. is the single, universally accepted code of ethics for counselors. e. is updated every two or three years.

Q: External forces that can support counselors in their efforts to practice ethically include all of the following EXCEPT: a. supervision. b. intentionality. c. consultation. d. codes of ethics. e. continuing education workshops and seminars.

Q: Laws: a. always support professional values and behaviors. b. dictate maximum standards of behavior for professionals in a position of trust who provide services to the public. c. are similar to ethics in that they represent ideal standards. d. often conflict with an ethical standard related to a similar issue. e. are agreed upon rules that are set forth by principles allowing people to live together in a society.

Q: All of the following are situations in which it is necessary to consult with colleagues EXCEPT: a. when counselors face issues that require them to exercise judgment. b. when there are no clear right or wrong answers. c. when deciding whether to respond to a subpoena. d. when it is possible that clinical decisions will be challenged later. e. when they are not certain whether a client might be suicidal.

Q: Once counselors have disclosed their legal questions to their immediate supervisors, and have received a response either from the supervisor or from an attorney who is advising them as to the proper course of action, a. it is essential for counselors to seek a second opinion. b. it is essential for counselors to choose and act on their own choice. c. it is essential for counselors to follow legal advice given to them, even if they do not agree with it. d. it is essential for counselors to follow legal advice given to them, but only if they agree with it. e. it is essential for counselors to ask the ACA Ethics Committee for an opinion.

Q: When attempting to make an ethical decision, it is recommended that counselors take all of the following steps EXCEPT: a. tune into their feelings. b. involve the client in the decision-making process. c. consider the moral principles. d. consult with an attorney. e. identify desired outcomes.

Q: Counselors who function according to mandatory ethics: a. believe that employers should require specific behaviors of counselors they hire. b. believe that their duty is to comply with basic must and must not statements in codes of ethics, and nothing more. c. believe counselors should determine what is ethical based on the specific situations in which they find themselves. d. would favor ethical standards that use the word should, instead of the word must. e. would favor judging the actions of counselors based on the circumstances, rather than on strict rules.

Q: At their most fundamental level, codes of ethics serve to: a. protect and promote the welfare of the client. b. protect and promote the welfare of the counselor. c. protect and promote the welfare of the profession. d. protect and promote the welfare of the counselors agency. e. protect and promote the welfare of the clients family unit.

Q: Virtue ethicists believe that: a. to determine whether a counselor is ethical, each decision the counselor makes must be carefully weighed. b. people exist in connection to and in relationship with one another. c. actions speak louder than words. d. there are no universal moral principles. e. counselors should always be truthful.

Q: While principle ethics asks the question What should I do?, virtue ethics asks the question: a. What would an ethical counselor do? b. What should counselors who want the follow the law do? c. Who should I be? d. Who am I? e. What does virtue mean?

Q: From the perspective of principle ethics, a counselor who is counseling a client planning a violent act against another person, and who intervenes to notify the clients family members is: a. sacrificing client autonomy in order to prevent harm and to do good. b. sacrificing fidelity in order to be truthful. c. sacrificing justice in order to be faithful to promises made. d. sacrificing veracity in order to protect the clients anonymity. e. sacrificing beneficence in order to promote fidelity.

Q: The personal values of counselors: a. have no place in the counseling session. b. should be completely altruistic. c. are influenced by their families of origin and their cultures, among other factors. d. are rooted in universal moral principles. e. should prevail over ethics when there is a conflict between the counselors values and the clients behavior.

Q: The best statement about the nature of professional ethics in counseling is that: a. if counselors study ethical codes and keep current with the professional literature, they can be assured of practicing in an ethical manner. b. in order to practice in an ethical manner, counselors must always be in compliance with federal and state laws. c. because there are few absolute right answers to ethical practice questions, consultation with counseling colleagues is very important when making ethical decisions. d. because there are few absolute right answers to ethical practice questions, consultation with lawyers is very important when making ethical decisions. e. the ethical standards have changed very little in the last 50 years, so if counselors learn the rules, they will be able to practice in an ethical manner.

Q: Law and ethics differ from one another in that: a. laws dictate minimum standards of behavior that society will tolerate, whereas ethics represent the ideal standards expected by the profession. b. ethics dictate minimum standards of behavior that society will tolerate, whereas laws represent the ideal standards expected by the profession. c. ethics and laws have the same standards. d. laws require that counselors always follow the professions ethical standards. e. ethics and laws are often in conflict because they are so different from one another.

Q: _____ refers to ethical behavior that persists long after the latest public scandal or the latest management buzzword.

Q: An ethical culture is deemed to be _____ if it persists within the operational policies of the organization long after the latest public scandal or the latest management buzzword.

Q: Some of the employees, including the top managers and the board of directors, of Warburges Inc. have been in the news lately for accepting bribes and using corporate resources for personal expenses. Which of the following characteristics did the firm fail to demonstrate? A. Vicarious liability B. Ethical relativism C. Organizational integrity D. Corporate governance

Q: _____ describes the characteristic of publicly committing to the highest level of professional standards and then sticking to that commitment. A. Organizational integrity B. Vicarious liability C. Corporate governance D. Ethical relativism

Q: Which of the following actions is most likely to lead to the promotion of an organization's commitment to ethical behavior? A. Sharing the organization's success stories exclusively with its employees B. Responding to errors related to transactions after the clients approach the organization C. Limiting the participation in Ethics Day celebrations solely to the employees D. Allowing employees to visit client sites to talk about the organization's code of ethics

Q: The difference between reactive and proactive policies of an organization is that: A. unlike reactive policies, proactive policies ignore the actions the organization will most likely take to be recognized as an ethical organization. B. reactive policies are driven by events and/or a fear of future events, whereas proactive policies are driven by a clear sense of what is construed as ethical for the organization. C. proactive policies help monitor the ethical performance of the organization only externally, whereas reactive policies monitor the organization both internally and externally. D. unlike proactive policies, reactive policies are true ethical policies.

Q: A policy that results when a company develops a clear sense of what it stands for as an ethical organization is known as a _____. A. secure ethical policy B. reactive ethical policy C. defensive ethical policy D. proactive ethical policy

Q: A policy that results when an organization is driven by events and/or a fear of future events is known as a _____. A. distributive ethical policy B. reactive ethical policy C. secure ethical policy D. defensive ethical policy

Q: Bretton Inc. (BI), a multinational corporation, releases detailed financial statements at the end of every quarter of a year. It is open and honest with its clients in all communication and clearly states the terms and conditions of its contracts. In this scenario, which of the following organizational characteristics is best illustrated by BI? A. Conformity B. Transparency C. Organizational integrity D. Vicarious liability

Q: _____ in business means that stakeholders have visibility deep into the processes and information of an organization. A. Transparency B. Conformity C. Vicarious liability D. Organizational integrity

Q: Which of the following statements is true of transparency? A. It provides avenues to increase organizational efficiency. B. It helps organizations save on taxes and other costs. C. It is a rare trait even in ethically driven organizations. D. It does not pose any risk to confidential intellectual property.

Q: Brenner Inc. (BI) is formulating its ethics policy with the goal of increasing employee loyalty and improving customer satisfaction. In order to meet these goals, BI should ensure that its policy: A. includes threats of punishments balanced with rewards. B. excludes low-performing departments from sharing their experiences. C. includes only the internal stakeholders. D. excludes awarding trainees in order to avoid upsetting the senior members of the organization.

Q: Which of the following risks is most likely to occur as a result of organizational transparency? A. Loss of market advantage through corporate espionage B. Loss of trust among employees C. Rise in costs due to maintenance of transparency D. Decline of productivity of employees

Q: In the context of a company's ethics policy, which of the following actions should an organization avoid taking? A. Awarding prizes for ethical behavior B. Declaring an Ethics Day and allowing every department to share its success stories C. Communicating only to internal stakeholders D. Recognizing employees who represent the standards of behavior to which the company is committed

Q: Which of the following factors is likely to make companies revise and rewrite their codes of ethics from time to time? A. A continuous change in the technology used by the company B. An increase in costs due to certain codes of ethics being maintained C. An increase in conflicts within the organization due to the implementation of the codes of ethics D. A decline in the employees' productivity due to strict codes of ethics

Q: Which of the following statements is a piece of advice from the Institute of Business Ethics for creating a code of ethics? A. The company's competitors should be completely ignored when framing the code of ethics. B. The involvement of external parties should be avoided during the creation of drafts. C. The code should be publicly shared on platforms associated with the company. D. The code should be tested on a sample consisting solely of top managerial employees.

Q: According to the documentation of a survey conducted by the Ethics and Compliance Officers Association survey, which of the following responsibilities ranks lowest in the category of the main responsibilities of an ethics officer? A. Training design B. Organizationwide communications C. Oversight of hotline/guideline/internal reporting D. Conducting investigations of wrongdoing

Q: According to the documentation of a survey conducted by the Ethics and Compliance Officers Association, which of the following responsibilities ranks highest among the chief responsibilities of an ethics officer? A. Establishing a loyal customer base B. Conducting surveys with customers to improve customer service C. Overlooking hotline/guideline/internal reporting D. Maintaining the information systems in the organization

Q: Which of the following statements is true of ethics officers? A. They must be hired from outside the organization. B. Their chief responsibility is to compare the code of ethics of different companies. C. Their role is never developed as a separate department in an organization. D. They monitor the ethical performance of the organization both internally and externally.

Q: Derek oversees the investigation of wrongdoings in his organization and provides additional guidance and support to the employees. He also develops training programs for every department to maintain organizational conduct. Which of the following positions does Derek most likely hold in his company? A. Chief knowledge officer B. Assessing officer C. Ethics officer D. Chief analytics officer

Q: The _____ of an organization is the senior executive responsible for monitoring its moral standards both internally and externally. A. ethics officer B. assessing officer C. chief knowledge officer D. chief analytics officer

Q: Edmund has been recently appointed as executive in-charge of the code of conduct for Elmer Enterprises. He administers the code of conduct among the organization's employees and oversees the investigations of wrongdoings in the organization. He also provides additional guidance and support to the employees. Edmund is most likely to be the _____ of the organization. A. chief operations officer B. ethics officer C. guidance officer D. chief investigating officer

Q: Arthur and Nicole are arguing over the creation of a code of ethics for an organization. Arthur believes that it would be good for organizations to follow the advice from the Institute of Business Ethics before creating the code of ethics, while Nicole disagrees with him. Which of the following actions would an organization take if it agrees with Arthur? A. The organization would develop its own model rather than picking a well-tested model. B. The organization would put the code on its website rather than sending it to all employees, suppliers, and others. C. The organization would conduct an extensive survey involving every employee rather than getting an endorsement from the board. D. The organization would determine the topics on which employees require guidance.

Q: In the context of the creation of a code of ethics, the Institute of Business Ethics advises companies: A. to hire young trainees to conduct research and formulate ethical policies. B. to put the code on the organization's website, and not to send it to all employees, suppliers, and other stakeholders. C. to introduce practical examples of the code in all company internal (and external) training programs and induction courses. D. not to try out the code first, as no piloting is required.

Q: Which of the following statements is advice from the Institute of Business Ethics for creating a code of ethics from scratch? A. Get an endorsement from the chairperson and the board. B. Put the code on the organization's website rather than sending it to all stakeholders individually. C. Use a framework that includes the customers, but not the competitors. D. Pilot-test the code solely on lower-level, operational employees.

Q: Which of the following statements is most likely to be true of an organization's code of ethics? A. There are a few perfect models for a code of ethics. B. The audience for a code of ethics includes only the shareholders of an organization. C. The code of ethics of an organization captures every possible event from each department. D. The code of ethics is written for the employees of an organization, and the stakeholders are not required to follow it.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the code of ethics of an organization? A. The code of ethics is highly unlikely to be created from scratch. B. The code of ethics is unlikely to include detailed accounts of punishments for violations of the code. C. The code of ethics does not have a perfect model. D. The audience for a code of ethics includes only the organization's customers.

Q: The audience for the code of ethics of an organization should include the: A. competitors of the organization who copy their code of ethics. B. investors of the organization. C. external agencies of the organization who assist in framing the code of ethics. D. past employees of the organization.

Q: Which of the following elements is most likely be included by an organization in its code of ethics? A. The key performance indicators to be used in appraisals B. The policies for behavior in specific situations C. The criteria for claiming fringe benefits D. The policies related to the number of permissible leaves

Q: A well-written code of ethics: A. states policies for behavior in specific situations. B. distinguishes between punishments for violations of ethics for different managerial levels. C. establishes a detailed guide to acceptable behavior exclusively for external stakeholders. D. documents rewards for selected top management employees on the fulfillment of ethical policies.

Q: Walter Warburg & Co., a new investment banking firm, has dismissed the idea of establishing a code of ethics for its employees. Which of the following consequences is most likely to take place as a result of this decision? A. It can now clearly state policies for behavior in specific situations. B. It can capture distinctly what the organization understands ethical behavior to mean. C. It will not be allowed to operate, as having a written code of ethics is mandatory in every organization. D. It cannot document punishments for the violation of ethical policies.

Q: Which of the following is most likely to be the next stage in making ethical behavior sustainable for an organization after it promotes its commitment to ethical behavior? A. Continuously monitoring the ethical behavior of its employees as the company grows B. Hiring an ethics officer C. Celebrating and rewarding the ethical behavior demonstrated by its employees D. Supporting the code of ethics with extensive training for every member of the organization

Q: Downerz Enterprises (DE) has been in the news for fraud by one its directors. As a result, the trustees of DE have appointed a new director who has established a strict code of ethics. He has announced extensive training for every member of the organization. An ethics officer has also been hired by DE. Which of the following steps is most likely to be taken next by the new director to maintain ethical behavior in the organization? A. Publish the code of conduct and send it to all its stakeholders. B. Promote DE's commitment to ethical behavior. C. Celebrate and reward the ethical behavior demonstrated by its employees. D. Support the code of ethics with extensive training for the senior managers of the organization.

Q: Which of the following steps is the immediate next stage in making ethical behavior sustainable for a company after it hires an ethics officer? A. Monitoring the ethical behavior of its employees continuously as the company grows B. Producing and distributing a company code of conduct among its employees C. Celebrating and rewarding the ethical behavior demonstrated by its employees D. Supporting the code of ethics with extensive training for every member of the organization

Q: Altra Partners (AP) believes in maintaining sustainable ethics. It has recently established a code of ethics and organized comprehensive training sessions for all its members. Which of the following steps is most likely to be undertaken next by AP? A. Hiring an ethics officer B. Promoting ethical behavior among its stakeholders C. Celebrating and rewarding the ethical behavior demonstrated by its employees D. Monitoring the ethical behavior of its employees

Q: HP Chase Inc., an investment banking firm, has decided to make ethical behavior sustainable in its organization. It has set up the process of monitoring ethical behavior by establishing a code of ethics. Which of the following stages is HP Chase Inc. most likely to undertake next? A. Reward ethical behavior demonstrated by the board of directors B. Hire an ethics officer C. Reward ethical behavior demonstrated by employees D. Support the code of ethics with extensive training for every member of the organization

Q: Which of the following is the first stage in making ethical behavior sustainable for a company? A. Hiring an ethical officer B. Establishing a code of ethics C. Rewarding ethical behavior demonstrated by employees D. Supporting the code of ethics with extensive training for every member of the organization

Q: Which of the following statements is true of sustainable ethics? A. An organization requires commitment only from the top management in order to administer sustainable ethics. B. The audience for the code of ethics includes selected stakeholders. C. An organization's commitment to ethical behavior must be documented in a code of ethics for everyone to begin from the same starting point. D. The audience for the code of ethics excludes investors, customers, and suppliers of the organization.

Q: A company's commitment to ethical behavior affects: A. only the operational departments that deal with customers. B. only the strategic departments that deal with the major clients. C. every managerial level and every department of the organization equally and increases its efficiency. D. the employees in an adverse manner, as they are always worried about the consequences of their actions.

Q: _____ is ethical behavior that persists long after the latest public scandal or the latest management buzzword. A. Universal ethics B. Sustainable ethics C. Virtue ethics D. Applied ethics

Q: Organizational integrity is a characteristic of publicly committing to the highest professional standards and sticking to that commitment.

Q: When an individual is looking to manage the reputation and policies of an organization, the commitment to doing the right thing becomes more about following the written ethics policy than about any sense of organizational integrity.

Q: A carefully "wordsmithed" document and carefully positioned press releases suggest that an organization is strictly following the policy of transparency.

Q: True ethical policies are proactive, and occur when a company develops a clear sense of what it stands for as an ethical organization.

Q: Proactive ethical policies of an organization are the policies that result when it is driven by events and/or a fear of future events.

Q: Reactive ethical policies of a company are the policies that result when it develops a clear sense of what it stands for as an ethical organization.

Q: A transparent organization tends to avoid open and honest communication with all its stakeholders.

Q: Smaller companies need to include their code of ethics as part of any strategic planning exercise to make sure it is as up to date as possible.