Q&A Hero

Q: Society benefits most when firms focus purely on their own financial success. This statement best reflects the ideas of ______. A. Charles Handy B. Adam Smith C. David Packard D. Milton Friedman

Q: Corporate social responsibility adds value because it allows companies to reflect the needs and concerns of their various stakeholder groups. This statement reflects the ______ argument for CSR. A. ethical B. moral C. rational D. economic

Q: Peter Drucker stated, Profit for a company is like oxygen for a person. If you don't have enough of it, youre out of the game. But if you think your life is about breathing, youre really missing something. This statement reflects the ______ argument for corporate social responsibility. A. ethical B. moral C. rational D. economic

Q: By adopting a rational argument for corporate social responsibility, firms seek to ______. A. do the right thing from an ethical perspective B. to interpret evolving societal values and stakeholder expectations C. make larger societal contributions than simply creating profit D. go above and beyond the basic ethical and moral expectations of a society

Q: Financial scandals around the turn of this century at Enron, WorldCom, Adelphia, HealthSouth, and others led to which of the following? A. greater reliance on nonstandard accounting practices B. less reliance on nonstandard accounting practices C. new laws and governmental rulings that limit businesss discretionary actions D. revocation of laws and rulings that limit businesss discretionary actions

Q: Consequentialist (or utilitarian) reasoning justifies action in terms of the outcomes generated (e.g., the greatest good for the greatest number of people). Such reasoning is part of which argument for corporate social responsibility? A. ethical B. moral C. rational D. economic

Q: The Malden Mills textile plant is an important case study in CSR because ______. A. it showed that some things are more important than profit B. it demonstrated the futility of the textile industry in New England C. it illustrated that no firm, whatever the motivation, can or should indefinitely spend money it does not have D. it showed the downsides of outsourcing

Q: A firm sponsors a 5k race, contributing the race fees to a local charity. According to Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility, the firm is meetings its ______. A. economic responsibility B. legal responsibility C. ethical responsibility D. discretionary responsibility

Q: Applying Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility, when a firm closes due to financial mismanagement and bankruptcy, it has not met its ______. A. economic responsibility B. legal responsibility C. ethical responsibility D. discretionary responsibility

Q: CSR refers to both ______. A. an input and an output B. ethics and outcomes C. a process and an outcome D. a theory and an application

Q: According to Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility, a firms ______ is to take proactive, strategic behaviors that benefit both the firm and society. A. economic responsibility B. legal responsibility C. ethical responsibility D. discretionary responsibility

Q: In terms of social activism, what book could be credited with being a catalyst for the environmental movement? A. The Perfect Storm B. Prodigal Summer C. The Water Knife D. The Silent Spring

Q: According to Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility, a firms ______ is to do no harm to its stakeholders within its operating environment. A. economic responsibility B. legal responsibility C. ethical responsibility D. discretionary responsibility

Q: The rational argument for CSR rests on ______. A. sanction avoidance B. social norms C. moral integrity D. societal rules

Q: According to Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility, a firms ______ is to act within the framework of laws and regulations drawn up by the government and judiciary. A. economic responsibility B. legal responsibility C. ethical responsibility D. discretionary responsibility

Q: James Rogers (the CEO of Duke Energy) once stated: If you are not at the table when these negotiations are going on, youre going to be on the menu. This illustrates what argument for CSR? A. moral B. economic C. rational D. ethical

Q: According to Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility, a firms ______ is to produce an acceptable return for investors. A. economic responsibility B. legal responsibility C. ethical responsibility D. discretionary responsibility

Q: If Facebook is seen to be dominating the social media market, what type of corporate social responsibility would it be violating? A. ethical B. economic C. legal D. discretionary

Q: Which of the following best describes nonprofit organizations? A. They emerge to do social good when the political will or the profit motive is insufficient to address societys needs. B. They emerge primarily to meet the religious or spiritual needs of a society C. They emerge to supplement businesses that do not make profits. D. They emerge to meet the needs of governments that do not have adequate financial resources to address societys needs.

Q: In contrast to Milton Friedmans argument, David Packard argued that ______. A. businesses exist not only to make money but also to contribute to society B. the sole purpose of businesses is to make money C. businesses need not consider all stakeholders D. shareholders are responsible for the larger community within which a firm operates

Q: Energy companies and industrial manufacturers set up the United States Climate Action Partnership (USCAP), which supports carbon limits and trading. This is an illustration of which argument for corporate social responsibility? A. ethical B. moral C. rational D. economic

Q: In a democratic society, power is taken away from those who abuse it is a workable definition of ______. A. Carrolls CSR rule B. the Iron Law of Social Responsibility C. the Alien Tort Claims Act D. an accommodative view of CSR

Q: Which of the following is an example of an economic argument for corporate social responsibility? A. A company invests in clean energy for its vehicles because it saves money on transportation. B. A company installs skylights in its stores to lower lighting costs. C. A company provides gym memberships to its employees to lower health-care costs. D. All of these are examples of economic arguments for CSR.

Q: Strategic CSR expounds the ______ argument in favor of corporate social responsibility. A. financial B. economic C. political D. social

Q: The rational argument for corporate social responsibility is summarized by the Iron Law of Social Responsibility, which states that ______. A. ultimately it is government, not business, that is responsible for a satisfying society B. responsibility for a just society is everyones responsibility C. in a free society, discretionary abuse of societal responsibilities leads, eventually, to mandated reprisals D. concern for CSR must be the first priority of the courts

Q: A central part of the moral argument for corporate social responsibility comes from the thinking that ______. A. businesses have to pay taxes, so they should have to be responsible in other ways as well B. society cannot afford all its needs unless business is forced to go beyond just paying taxes C. business leaders and shareholders make money, so they should be morally responsible to society, especially to the poor D. a large part of business success comes as much from actions that are congruent with societal values and norms as from factors internal to the company

Q: In the 1790s, consumer boycotts occurred in reactions to which of the following? A. slave-harvested sugar B. cheap cotton from the United States C. the high price of fuel (lamp) oil D. the use of the Royal Navy in England to transport slaves

Q: An application of Milton Friedmans argument is ______. A. providing workers time off to volunteer in their communities B. establishing a recycling program C. maximizing shareholder returns D. clearly defining ethical concerns along a products supply chain

Q: Which of the following is NOT part of Archie Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility? A. stakeholder responsibility B. legal responsibility C. discretionary responsibility D. ethical responsibility

Q: With the rise of agency theory, there has been a renewed focus on what group in companies? A. managers B. employees C. clients D. shareholders

Q: Which of these is NOT a for-profit business? A. Facebook B. Nike C. Red Cross D. Uber

Q: All those who in some way are related to a firms activities are known as ______. A. shareholders B. public C. stakeholders D. clients

Q: Which of the following exist to define the rules and structures of society within which all organizations must operate? A. for-profits B. governments C. nonprofits D. religion

Q: Students can ensure that they do not commit plagiarism by: a. using exact quotes from their sources rather than paraphrasing. b. using a website such as turnitin.com to check their work before submitting it to the professor. c. putting everything into their own words, so they do not have to cite sources. d. rearranging the order of the words in a sentence written by a source that is being used. e. using only sources that anyone can find on the Internet.

Q: When a student and a professor co-author an article for publication in a professional journal: a. the student should be listed as the second author, after the professor. b. the student and professor should decide on the order of authorship credit before they begin working on the project. c. the professor should do most of the work because the professor has more experience with publishing. d. the professor should be listed as the first author, with the student second. e. the one who contributed the most to producing the article should the first-listed author.

Q: Researchers are ethically obligated to: a. compensate the participants in their research, either monetarily or by an acknowledgment. b. attempt to publish their results. c. offer feedback to the participants in the study. d. enlist the help of a statistician to interpret the results. e. destroy all records that might identify participants as soon as the study is completed.

Q: Students do NOT have to cite a particular source of information, when the information: a. is considered common knowledge. b. is paraphrased rather than directly quoted. c. is retrieved from a source on the Internet. d. they are quoting is from a text their professor has authored. e. they are quoting is from the text used in the course for which they are writing the assigned paper.

Q: Plagiarism: a. is always just cause for expelling a student from a counselor training program. b. is summarizing a passage from another authors work without using quotation marks and giving the source and page number where the passage was found. c. is difficult for professors to detect. d. is claiming the words and ideas of someone else as ones own. e. cannot be committed when the source of an idea is the Internet.

Q: Most written materials are legally protected from the time they are created until _____ years after the authors death. a. 5 b. 50 c. 200 d. 300 e. 500

Q: In regard to giving credit to contributors to research projects in published reports, a. a footnote is sufficient. b. every person who contributed must be listed as a co-author. c. the major professor of a dissertation study must be listed as first author. d. appropriate credit must be given, but there are no firm rules. e. individuals who were paid to assist do not have to be given any credit.

Q: University committees that review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected are called: a. bursars. b. adjunct committees c. institutional review boards. d. promotion and tenure committees. e. research councils.

Q: The practice of evaluating professors for tenure, promotion, and merit pay increases is based largely on their records of: a. grants brought into the university. b. teaching effectiveness. c. presenting at national conferences. d. getting along well with other professors. e. scholarly publications.

Q: The requirement that universities establish committees to review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected is: a. a state law in all states. b. required by the U.S. Constitution. c. voluntarily adhered to throughout the United States. d. a federal law that carries with it the penalty of loss of federal funds if violated. e. a federal law that makes it a crime to do otherwise.

Q: Research participants: a. must be paid if their identities will be disclosed by the researcher. b. must sign a document in front of a notary if they agree to waive their privacy. c. generally, are not guaranteed privacy. d. have a right to expect to have their confidentiality protected. e. may never agree to have their name disclosed by a researcher.

Q: Concealing from individuals that they are being studied and deceiving individuals with false information during a study: a. are forbidden by codes of ethics. b. are sensitive areas and researchers must take care to ensure that participants are not harmed when such activities take place. c. require that participants be paid. d. could be used as a basis to revoke a counselors license. e. are activities that would never be undertaken by professional researchers because studies can always be completed without resorting to such negative tactics.

Q: Before students agree to serve as research assistants, counselor educators should discuss and provide: a. assurance that those who decline to participate will not be penalized. b. a clarification of expectations regarding who will do which parts of the work. c. an agreement regarding the type of acknowledgment students will receive when the research is published. d. a time-line to complete the various tasks. e. all of the above.

Q: When children are participants in a research study: a. consent is needed from their parents only. b. there is no need to obtain informed consent from the children because they are unable to give legal consent. c. even though parental consent is legally sufficient, the assent of the children should be obtained as well. d. obtaining the consent of children would be unwise because it would alert children that they are being studied and they would then behave differently. e. informed consent is not required because children are too young to understand.

Q: It is ethically questionable for a university professor to: a. conduct a research project with a student. b. supervise the research activities of a student. c. require a student to participate in a research project. d. co-present with a student at a professional conference. e. write a letter of recommendation for a job for a student with whom he or she has conducted a research study.

Q: A difference between consultation and counseling is that: a. consultation is a mandated activity, whereas counseling is usually sought voluntarily. b. consultants provide indirect services to clients, whereas counseling is a direct service. c. consultation involves a relationship among equals and does not involve a power differential. d. consultation focuses on work relationships, whereas counseling focuses on personal and interpersonal relationships. e. confidentiality is not an issue in consultation, while it is a primary concern in counseling.

Q: When a counselor who is working under supervision shares confidential information about clients with her or his supervisor: a. the counselor is legally responsible if the supervisor inappropriately discloses the confidential information to a third party. b. privileged communication is destroyed. c. this is acceptable behavior because the supervisor needs the information in order to supervise effectively. d. the information should be shared verbally, but not put in writing. e. the counselor is unethically breaching client confidentiality.

Q: Administrative supervision occurs when direct-line administrators give direction to counselors who are their: a. employees, and has the goal of ensuring that counselors are performing their job duties appropriately. b. determining whether the counselors should receive a pay raise. c. increasing the counselors counseling skills. d. remediating the counselors clinical deficiencies. e. endorsing the counselors applications for licensure.

Q: With respect to cultural differences in supervision: a. it is the supervisors responsibility to initiate discussions of cultural differences with their supervisees. b. supervision is more likely to be successful if the supervisor and supervisee are culturally similar along multiple dimensions. c. the worldviews of supervisors are not likely to influence the therapeutic choices made by their supervisees. d. research has demonstrated that the variable of race in the supervisory dyad has little impact on the supervisory process. e. supervisors should not broach the topic of cultural differences if they do not feel comfortable and competent to do so.

Q: Consultation and supervision are alike in that BOTH: a. consultants and supervisors serve as gatekeepers to the profession. b. consultants and supervisors are accountable for the work of the counselors who have sought their services. c. consultants and supervisors are required to be licensed to provide their services in most states. d. the consultative and the supervisory relationships are tripartite. e. consultants and supervisors provide direct services to clients.

Q: A counselor who is under the clinical supervision of another counselor SHOULD: a. introduce the supervisor to all clients. b. inform clients that he or she is in supervision and disclose the name of the supervisor to them. c. require that clients sign a document indicating they know the counselor is under supervision and that they do not object to the supervisor knowing their personal information. d. inform clients that he or she is a beginning counselor. e. avoid telling clients he or she is in supervision so that clients will not be concerned.

Q: A supervisor is competent if he or she: a. holds the supervisor certificate offered by the Center for Credentialing and Education (CCE), a corporate affiliate of the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC). b. is a competent counselor. c. has completed a graduate level course in supervision. d. is approved to be a supervisor by a state licensing board. e. can supervise other counselors in a professional and appropriate manner.

Q: Ethical standards for consultants in the mental health field are: a. covered extensively in all codes of ethics. b. given minimal attention in codes of ethics. c. not needed because consultants rarely face ethical dilemmas. d. published by an association of mental health consultants. e. being developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) and will soon be published.

Q: If a consultant is not a consultees administrative supervisor, the consultant: a. is still responsible for any outcomes related to the consultee taking the consultants advice. b. legally would be considered to have control and authority over a consultee, even though the consultant is not the consultees boss. c. can avoid liability for any actions of the consultee by purchasing professional liability insurance. d. can avoid liability for any actions of the consultee by having the consultee sign an agreement that releases the consultant from liability. e. generally, would not be held legally responsible for actions taken by the consultee based on the consultants advice.

Q: If a supervisee is having emotional problems that are interfering with his or her ability to function effectively as a counselor, the clinical supervisor SHOULD: a. avoid addressing the personal issues in supervision sessions because the focus of clinical supervision should be on the professional services rendered by the supervisee. b. counsel the supervisee to the degree necessary to resolve the issues so that the counselor can function effectively. c. immediately refer the supervisee for personal counseling and suspend supervision until the personal issues have been resolved. d. address the personal issues in relationship to their impact on the supervisees effectiveness as a counselor but avoid becoming the supervisees personal counselor. e. address the personal issues in one session only, and then avoid personal issues in the future.

Q: Whether or not a supervisor is likely to be held responsible, along with the supervisee, when a supervisees client commits suicide depends on whether: a. the supervisor has offered consultation to the supervisee regarding his or her counseling practice on a regular basis. b. the supervisor has direct control and authority over the supervisees day-to-day activities. c. the wording of the supervision contract. d. the supervisor knew that the supervisee was counseling an at-risk client. e. the supervisor has professional liability insurance.

Q: An agreement for clinical supervision between a supervisor and supervisee when the supervisee has an administrative supervisor at a work site SHOULD: a. ensure that the supervisee understands that the clinical supervisor is the one whose directives must be followed. b. emphasize the co-equal status of the clinical and administrative supervisors. c. state that the clinical supervisor defers to the authority of the administrative supervisor. d. state that the counselor should contact the clinical supervisor if there is an emergency situation at work. e. be worded in such a manner that the supervisee understands that the clinical supervisor is legally responsible for the counselors activities during work hours.

Q: Supervision agreements between a clinical supervisor and supervisee: a. must be in writing to be legal. b. should not be in writing, to avoid the appearance of a relationship that is too formal. c. should be in writing so both parties understand the terms of the relationship clearly. d. are required by federal law to be in writing. e. can be modified once they begin only if they are in writing.

Q: When administrative and clinical supervisors give corrective feedback to supervisees, that feedback: a. must be followed by the supervisee. b. should be broad and general, avoiding specifics. c. must be given very gently to avoid distressing the supervisee. d. should be given only at specified intervals, such as once a month or once a quarter. e. should be ongoing, coupled with periodic evaluation and opportunities to correct deficiencies.

Q: Clinical supervision is the process whereby the work of counselors is reviewed by other mental health professionals, usually with the goal of: a. ensuring that counselors services are delivered in a manner that satisfies the counselors employers. b. increasing the counselors effectiveness. c. increasing the counselors knowledge of the counseling literature. d. ensuring that counselors perform their job functions appropriately. e. helping counselors practice in an ethical manner.

Q: The gatekeeping responsibilities of counselor educators may involve all of the following EXCEPT: a. developing a professional development plan for a student whose counseling skills are deficient. b. dismissing a student from the training program after observing due process. c. providing periodic feedback and evaluation of professional development. d. providing a formal hearing if a student is dismissed for academic reasons. e. documenting decisions to dismiss students.

Q: The professional literature suggests that students often believe they receive inadequate preparation in the content area of: a. ethics. b. technology. c. social justice and advocacy. d. group counseling. e. counseling theories.

Q: Students who have not been able to demonstrate the skills needed to be effective counselors a. must be given opportunities to remediate their deficiencies before a dismissal decision is made. b. are required by CACREP to repeat the practicum course. c. are required to switch to a different major. d. should be endorsed by faculty for graduation but not for employment as counselors. e. should be required to take a years leave of absence from the training program.

Q: As a result of recent developments in technology, counselor education faculty are advised to: a. teach students how to use digital video-recording equipment to record their practice counseling sessions. b. teach some courses over the Internet. c. emphasize confidentiality of audio- and videotaped counseling sessions of student interns. d. require students to have university e-mail accounts. e. develop and publish policies regarding student conduct on social networking sites.

Q: Counselor educators have an ethical obligation to: a. teach ethics as a separate and discrete course in the curriculum. b. infuse multicultural material into all courses in the curriculum. c. restrict their teaching of theories to traditional, widely accepted models that have proven effective in counseling clients. d. grade counseling students on their level (but not the content of) their self-disclosure. e. assign letter grades to students in all field experience courses.

Q: While you are a counseling graduate student: a. you have a different code of ethics from the one of practicing counselors. b. you must follow the same code of ethics as practicing counselors. c. you will not be held accountable for making ethical mistakes. d. the ethical standards you are held to are less rigorous than those imposed on practicing counselors. e. you do not have a code of ethics that applies to you.

Q: Studies of women who have been involved in sexual relationships with their professors indicate: a. that at first the women believed the relationship was consensual, but in retrospect they viewed it as more coercive. b. the women suffered no negative consequences from those relationships. c. the women most often initiated the relationships. d. the women suffered serious psychological damage from the relationships. e. the women later had sexual relationships with their own students.

Q: Sexual relationships between counselor educators and their students: a. are not expressly forbidden in the ACA Code of Ethics. b. are expressly forbidden in the ACA Code of Ethics. c. are not forbidden because students are not in a vulnerable position in their relationships with professors. d. should be avoided but can be justified in some circumstances. e. are expressly forbidden by most universities.

Q: Flexibility in relationship boundaries between counselor educators and students may be more acceptable than between counselors and clients, because in counselor educator/student relationships the student: a. cannot be harmed. b. is near the same age. c. is an adult. d. eventually becomes a colleague. e. does not need protection from abuse.

Q: In matters of student evaluations or dismissals from academic programs, courts: a. carefully review the basis upon which professors made their decisions and determine whether or not it was a reasonable decision, given the circumstances. b. defer to the judgment of professors, unless the professors failed to use an acceptable number system in making their decisions. c. defer to the judgment of professors unless the professors used only subjective decision-making. d. defer to the judgment of professors, unless established procedures were violated or the evaluations were clearly unfair. e. usually reverse the decisions of professors because students do not sue unless they have been treated unfairly.

Q: When counselor educators evaluate the performance of a students counseling skills, the counselor educators: a. may apply subjective standards as long as they do not abuse their discretion. b. may apply subjective standards, but the process of evaluation must be pre-approved by CACREP. c. must grade the student using number-based objective evaluations. d. must have a team evaluate the students performance, rather than evaluating the performance on their own. e. must evaluate the student individually, taking into consideration his or her individual situation, avoiding applying absolute standards.

Q: One of the most ethically sensitive components of counselor training that has generated considerable debate is: a. job placement after graduation. b. self-growth experiences. c. class presentations. d. subjective grading in counseling skills classes. e. relationships with peers.

Q: When making graduate program admissions decisions, counselor educators: a. must use objective information such as grade point averages and test scores. b. may balance their program by admitting certain numbers of individuals based on their gender, race, and religion. c. must have a minimum cut-off score if a standardized test, such as the GRE, is used. d. may deviate from their published procedures if fairness demands that they do that. e. may use their subjective judgment regarding a number of factors.

Q: Which of the following is NOT information that must be provided to prospective students before they enter a program? a. evaluation criteria and procedures. b. program subject matter. c. faculty advisor assignment. d. dismissal policies and procedures. e. length of time for program completion.

Q: How do relationships in counselor education, supervision, and training differ from clinical relationships? a. they are easier because they are indirect. b. they are tripartite. c. they are complex. d. they involve a university. e. they have more equal power dynamics.

Q: All of the following are fraudulent health care practices EXCEPT: a. continuing to counsel a client at risk of harming themselves, free of charge, after his or her health care benefits have run out. b. providing family counseling services (which are not reimbursable) and reporting that individual counseling services are being provided (which are reimbursable). c. waiving the co-payment when a co-payment is required. d. billing for a missed session and indicating the client attended the session because missed sessions are not reimbursable. e. reporting that an approved professional is providing direct services to a client when the services actually are being provided by a counselor who is not approved.

Q: When a counselor must render a DSM-5 diagnosis before a client may be reimbursed for mental health care services, the counselor: a. should avoid rendering a diagnosis that might stigmatize the client. b. should always choose a diagnosis that is reimbursable by the health care organization. c. must render a diagnosis that is consistent with the diagnoses that have been rendered previously by other health care providers. d. must render the proper diagnosis, whether or not the client will be reimbursed. e. may choose one of the diagnoses that is reimbursable by the health care organization, if necessary.