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Business Ethics
Q:
Access via the__________ enables pornography consumers to avoid offending others or being embarrassed by others observing their purchases.
Q:
Which of the following is the highest virtue, for Aristotle?
A. wisdom
B. courage
C. justice
D. generosity
Q:
When the interests of management and owners are not aligned, there will likely be a(n)
A.agency problem.
B.free agency dilemma.
C.shareholder rebellion.
D.shareholder resolution.
Q:
Because prohibitions against hate speech are included in the__________ between a private ISP and its subscribers, and do no involve the federal government, they do not violate the subscriber's First Amendment rights.
Q:
The method by which shareholders elect boards of directors is known as
A.distributive voting.
B.cumulative voting.
C.the proxy process.
D.direct balloting.
Q:
Sound judgment involves all except which of the following?
A. a well-developed moral sense
B. experience
C. moral luck
D. careful deliberation
Q:
__________ uses terms or phrases–such as sex, Satan, and gambling–to trigger the blocking of Web sites.
Q:
Employees are the people hired by the company to
A.oversee management.
B.work with the board to keep management in line.
C.do the actual work of operating the company.
D.set the course for the company to follow.
Q:
Which of the following rights involves the punishment due a law-breaker or evildoer?
A. distributive justice
B. retributive justice
C. commutative justice
D. procedural justice
Q:
By filing a__________, companies gain immediate subpoena power to identify information on anonymous online postings.
Q:
Which of the following are strictly legal rights?
A. negative rights
B. positive rights
C. civil rights
D. special rights
Q:
The people hired by the board to run the company and operate it on a daily basis is
A.the employee council.
B.management.
C.administration.
D.headquarters.
Q:
Some Internet users would like to ban Web__________ because they think that its use increases the risks of defamation, fraud, libel, and exploitation of children.
Q:
According to Kant, the third form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?
A. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.
B. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.
C. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law
D. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.
Q:
The group that is elected by shareholders to govern and oversee management is the
A.investment council.
B.board of directors.
C.board of trustees.
D.governing council.
Q:
A written defamatory statement is called__________.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT captured by the notion of autonomy?
A. Freedom
B. The external imposition of the law.
C. The self-imposition of the law.
D. The universal acceptability of the moral law.
Q:
Shareholders are
A.owners of the corporation.
B.creditors of the corporation.
C.anyone who is affected by the corporation.
D.also employees of the corporation.
Q:
Implementing the__________ in libraries is difficult because their services are open to people of all ages, including adults who have First Amendment rights to access a broader range of Internet materials than are allowed under the Act.
Q:
According to Kant, the second form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?
A. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.
B. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.
C. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law
D. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.
Q:
The state-issued document that grants the corporation's right to exist and stipulating the basic terms of its existence is a(n)
A.certificate of legitimacy.
B.occupancy permit.
C.charter.
D.article of incorporation.
Q:
Persistent or malicious harassment aimed at a specific person is known as__________.
Q:
The method by which a firm is being governed, directed, administered, or controlled is
A.corporate governance.
B.management.
C.management by objectives.
D.management by decree.
Q:
According to Kant, the first form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?
A. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.
B. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.
C. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law
D. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.
Q:
The__________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects Americans' rights to freedom of religion and freedom of expression.
Q:
According to Kant, all people should be treated in which of the following ways?
A. As an end in themselves.
B. As a means, if the end is desired.
C. As a means to an end.
D. As an end as long as the means are considered.
Q:
Which of the following is not a method of obtaining the micro level of legitimacy?
A.A company adapts its operations to conform to prevailing standards.
B.A company may seek to avoid detection that it is operating contrary to social norms.
C.A company may attempt to changes the public's values and norms.
D.A company may identify itself with other organization, people, or values.
Q:
The goal of the__________ was to protect children from pornography, and if the act had been judged constitutional, it would have opened all aspects of Internet content to legal scrutiny.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a condition for an action to be considered a moral action?
A. It must take into consideration the particular circumstances.
B. It must be amenable to being made consistently universal.
C. It must respect rational beings as ends in themselves.
D. It must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings
Q:
The macro level of legitimacy refers to the achievement and maintenance of legitimacy by
A.government.
B.private/public partnerships.
C.business as a whole.
D.individual businesses.
Q:
Opponents of the__________ feared that it transferred power over education to private software companies who developed the Internet filters and defined which sites to block.
Q:
Which of the following is a formalistic ethical approach?
A. The moral law specifies precisely what the right actions must contain.
B. The moral law contains both formal elements and content for moral actions.
C. The moral law does not state what content an action must have to be a right action.
D. The moral law contains only the content of the action that is right.
Q:
The micro level of legitimacy refers to achieving and maintaining legitimacy by conforming to societal expectations for
A.the business system as a whole.
B.public policy partnerships.
C.non-government organizations.
D.individual businesses.
Q:
Its broad accessibility, open discussions, and anonymity make the__________ a powerful communications medium.
Q:
For someone in the Kantian tradition, to be moral is the same as being which of the following?
A. emotional
B. free
C. obedient
D. rational
Q:
The dynamic process by which business seeks to perpetuate its acceptance is called
A.advertising.
B.marketing.
C.legitimation.
D.embedding.
Q:
The key question in deciding what Internet material is obscene is: "Whose__________ standards are used?"
Q:
Which of the following common business practices is roughly analogous to the utility calculus?
A. system analysis
B. marketing research
C. public relations
D. cost-benefit analysis
Q:
Congruence between the organization's activities and society's expectations is called
A.alignment.
B.legitimacy.
C.social norms.
D.acceptability.
Q:
In June 2004, the Supreme Court ruled in Ashcroftv.AmericanCivilLibertiesUnionthat the __________ was unconstitutional.
Q:
When faced with the temptation to break a contract, we should determine the morality of the action, by evaluating the general consequences of breaking contracts in the past. Which sort of utilitarianism is represented here?
A. rule-utilitarianism
B. deontological-utilitarianism
C. theological-utilitarianism
D. act-utilitarianism
Q:
In the grand scheme of things, the interests of the investing public are more important than those of the management team.
Q:
Making an oral or a written statement of alleged fact that is false and that harms another person is__________.
Q:
When faced with the temptation to break a contract, we are always concerned with a particular contract in a particular set of circumstances. To determine the morality of the action, we should calculate the effects of breaking this particular contract. Which sort of utilitarianism is represented here?
A. rule-utilitarianism
B. deontological-utilitarianism
C. theological-utilitarianism
D. act-utilitarianism
Q:
Managers have successfully lobbied Congress to make shareholder lawsuits very difficult to file.
Q:
The best Internet filters use a combination of URL, __________, and dynamic content filtering.
Q:
Most shareholder resolutions concern some aspect of executive compensation.
Q:
Which of the following was a hedonistic utilitarian that argued that we should consider intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, and fecundity when performing an analysis?
A. Jeremy Bentham
B. John Stuart Mill
C. Immanuel Kant
D. John Rawls
Q:
One of the key requirements of the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN- SPAM) Act is that an email must be identified as a(n) __________ and include a valid physical postal address for the sender.
Q:
Because of its theoretical role of authority over the CEO, it has always been the board's responsibility to get tough with the senior manager when needed.
Q:
The__________ on each packet of a message can identify where the email originated from and who sent it.
Q:
Which of the following was the utilitarian who argued that utilitarianism isn't subject to most of the cultural criticism it received.
A. Jeremy Bentham
B. John Stuart Mill
C. Immanuel Kant
D. John Rawls
Q:
Practically speaking the corporate CEO often does the work the nominating committee should do.
Q:
Which of the following was a common objection to utilitarianism during John Stuart Mill's era?
A. Utilitarianism proposes to use the Koran, rather than the Bible, as the basis for good.
B. Utilitarianism argues that utility commands what God would command.
C. Utilitarianism argues that the commands of God are wholly irrelevant.
D. Utilitarianism proposes utility as the basis for good rather than God or the Bible.
Q:
A U.S. citizen who posts material on the Web that is illegal in a foreign country can be prosecuted if he subjects himself to the__________ of that country.
Q:
Audit committees arguably have the most responsibility of all board committees.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a step to be taken in a utilitarian analysis?
A. Identify all those who are directly and indirectly affected by the action.
B. Specify only the good consequences of the action for those directly affected.
C. Carry out a similar analysis, if necessary, for those indirectly affected, as well as for society as a whole.
D. Consider, imaginatively, whether there are various alternatives other than simply doing or not doing the action, and carry out a similar analysis for each of the other alternative actions.
Q:
An oral defamatory statement is called __________.
a. libel
b. hate speech
c. slander
d. exaggeration
Q:
During the past forty years, corporate boards have become more diverse.
Q:
The ethical approach maintains that what has intrinsic value pleasure and pain.
A. hedonistic utilitarianism
B. ideal utilitarianism
C. eudaimonistic utilitarianism
D. all of these
Q:
__________ involves the examination of Internet records in an attempt to reveal the identity of an anonymous poster.
a. Remailing
b. b. Doxing
c. Slandering
d. Libeling
Q:
Some estimates of the costs to comply with provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley Act are as high as five times as much as before passage of the bill.
Q:
__________ allows people to state their opinions without revealing their identity.
a. Defamation
b. Anonymous expression
c. Libel
d. A John Doe lawsuit
Q:
The ethical approach maintains that what has intrinsic value is not pleasure, but happiness.
A. hedonistic utilitarianism
B. ideal utilitarianism
C. eudaimonistic utilitarianism
D. all of these
Q:
There is some early evidence that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has made little difference in the attention financial executives pay to shareholder reports.
Q:
Proponents of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) argued that:
a. schools can define what sites to block.
b. Internet filters are highly flexible and customizable.
c. the motives of private software companies who develop the Internet filters are clear.
d. CIPA transfers power to education over private software companies who develop the Internet filters.
Q:
The ethical approach that maintains that what has to be calculated is not pleasure or happiness but all intrinsically valuable human goods, which include friendship, knowledge, and a host of other goods valuable in themselves
A. hedonistic utilitarianism
B. ideal utilitarianism
C. eudaimonistic utilitarianism
D. all of these
Q:
Penalties under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act can include fines and prison terms.
Q:
A survey by the Nielsen found that__________ of the workforce accessed pornography from their workplace computer.
a. less than 15 percent
b. 29 percent
c. 50 percent
d. nearly 75 percent
Q:
John Stuart Mill's approach to ethics would be classified as which sort of general ethical approach?
A. deontological
B. utilitarian
C. theological
D. ontological
Q:
The issue at the heart of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is protection for whistle-blowers.
Q:
__________ has the largest online population in the world and also perhaps the most rigorous Internet censorship.
a. United States
b. India
c. Japan
d. China
Q:
A Kantian ethical approach applies to which sort of general ethical approach?
A. deontological
B. special
C. teleological
D. theological
Q:
Research has shown that golden parachutes have had no effect on senior managers' resistance to takeover attempts.
Q:
Consequentialism belongs to which sort of ethical approach?
A. deontological
B. special
C. teleological
D. theological
Q:
The Say on Pay movement evolved from concerns over low executive compensation.
Q:
A(n) __________ is software that can be installed with a Web browser to block access to certain Web sites that contain inappropriate or offensive material.
a. Internet filter
b. router
c. bridge
d. Web modem
Q:
What is the name given to philosophers who construct their ethical approaches with mixed approaches?
A. ethical pluralists.
B. utilitarians
C. ethical monists.
D. deontologists
Q:
In the United States, speech that is merely annoying, critical, demeaning, or offensive enjoys protection under the ÂÂÂ__________ Amendment.
a. First
b. Second
c. Fourth
d. Fifth
Q:
The minimum wage has grown faster than CEO salaries over the past decade.