Q&A Hero

Q: Managers may have difficulty in the future in getting employees to behave ethically because teenagers readily accept unethical behavior.

Q: Which of the following can motivate workers by achieving a more satisfactory fit between workers and their jobs? A) Job redesign B) Team management C) MBO D) Training E) Job enrichment programs

Q: If Google asks 25 members of its executive team to spend a full day during their annual team-building retreat building a house in Las Vegas with Habitat for Humanity, the executives would be engaging in employee ________. A) volunteering efforts B) entrepreneuring efforts C) whistle-blowing efforts D) administering efforts

Q: What is flextime an example of? A) Job sharing B) Job rotation C) Modified work scheduling D) Work sharing E) Modified workplace planning

Q: Target's donation of 5% of its annual income to community support is an example of ________. A) social engineering B) social screening C) corporate responsiveness D) corporate philanthropy

Q: According to which theory are employees given a voice in how they do their jobs and how the company is managed? A) Participative management and empowerment B) Theory X C) Classical theory of motivation D) Modified work schedules E) Scientific management

Q: How does expectancy theory explain employee motivation?

Q: A ________ is an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. A) sustainability contractor B) social entrepreneur C) philanthropist D) whistle-blower

Q: The ________ Act offers some legal protection to whistle-blowers. It has a provision wherein any manager who retaliates against an employee for reporting violations faces a stiff penalty of a 10-year jail sentence. A) Sarbanes-Oxley B) Glass-Steagall C) Taft-Hartley D) Landrum-Griffin

Q: Contrast Theory X and Theory Y.

Q: Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization are known as ________. A) employee-volunteers B) whistle-blowers C) entrepreneurs D) philanthropist

Q: According to the two-factor theory, how should managers enhance motivation?

Q: In a short essay, discuss some of the ways in which managers can encourage ethical behavior and create a comprehensive ethics program.

Q: How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs model explain employee motivation?

Q: It is important that firms be concerned with both the ends and the means used to achieve them.

Q: How are equity theory and the psychological contract connected?

Q: Equity theory is based on the premise that workers prefer a workplace where all employees are paid equally.

Q: Pressure to perform and meet goals has little impact on an employee's decision to behave ethically.

Q: When a firm has a code of ethics in place, the role of managers in enforcing ethical behavior is minimized.

Q: Individuals may satisfy social needs by making and maintaining friendships at work.

Q: The choice of what activities to reward and punish sends a strong signal to the employees regarding their ethical decisions.

Q: For an individual to feel equitably treated, his ratio of contribution to return must be the same as the other individual's ratio with whom he or she is comparing.

Q: Marveline Company brought in help from outside to evaluate decisions and management practices in relation to the organization's code of ethics. These evaluations are called ________ audits. A) social responsibility B) social protective C) independent social D) independent ethics

Q: Motivation factors are directly related to the work that employees perform; hygiene factors refer to the environment in which they work.

Q: Hygiene factors affect motivation only if they are absent or fail to meet expectations.

Q: The primary debate about ethics training programs is whether ________. A) ethics can be taught B) ethics training is sufficient C) the programs cause a regression in a person's moral development D) the programs decrease awareness of ethical issues in business

Q: When people feel they are being inequitably treated, they are likely to ask for raises, increase their efforts, and work longer hours.

Q: A ________ is a formal statement of an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow. A) mission statement B) values statement C) code of ethics D) vision statement

Q: According to expectancy theory, people are motivated to work toward rewards they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining.

Q: Your university has tried to promote the establishment of shared values so that all members will understand its beliefs. The university has established ________ management. A) values-based B) stakeholder-based C) leadership-based D) market-based

Q: The two-factor theory examines the relationship between effort and performance.

Q: How can managers identify the ethically questionable applicants even before they become part of the workforce? A) by performing background checks B) by requiring letters of recommendation C) by favoring candidates who come with a reference from existing employees D) by including integrity testing in the selection process

Q: According to the classical theory of motivation, attention from the supervisor is more of a motivator than money.

Q: Which of the following options is most likely to have the greatest impact in encouraging employees to behave ethically? A) Select only ethical employees. B) Provide a written code of ethics and decision rules. C) Model ethical behavior beginning with the organization's top leaders. D) Implement a comprehensive ethical program.

Q: Which motivational theory focuses on social comparisons as a motivator? A) Equity theory B) Expectancy theory C) Power theory D) Hygiene factors E) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Q: What is the UN Global Compact? What are the 10 principles outlined in it?

Q: Which of the following indicates that an employee will work towards their goals if they believe they have a reasonable opportunity to achieve those goals? A) Equity theory B) Expectancy theory C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs D) Hygiene factors E) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Q: Discuss the importance of an organization's culture as a factor that determines an employee's ethical behavior.

Q: According to McClelland, which of the following represents the desire to control one's environment? A) The need for power B) The need for satisfaction C) The need for achievement D) The need for motivation E) The need for affiliation

Q: According to McClelland, what do employees experience when they tend to want reassurance and approval from others and are genuinely concerned about others' feelings? A) The need for power B) The need for satisfaction C) The need for achievement D) The need for motivation E) The need for affiliation

Q: Write a short essay on the structural variables that can influence employees' ethical behavior.

Q: According to McClelland, what is the need for achievement based on? A) The desire to control one's environment B) The desire to increase job satisfaction C) Recognition for a job well done D) The desire to accomplish a goal or task as effectively as possible E) The need for promotions

Q: Outline the two individual characteristics that play a role in determining whether a person behaves ethically.

Q: According to Frederick Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor? A) Recognition B) Hours C) Working conditions D) Additional time off E) Added responsibility

Q: Identify and describe the three levels and six stages of moral development.

Q: The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development developed a global trade agreement.

Q: According to McGregor, what motivational theory beliefs will result in managers most likely to have satisfied and motivated employees? A) Hierarchy of human needs B) Theory X C) Theory Y D) Two factor theory E) Expectancy theory

Q: The Global Contract is a document created by the United Nations outlining principles for doing business globally in the areas of human rights, labor, the environment, and anticorruption.

Q: Which of the following supports the belief that people are naturally lazy and must be punished or rewarded to be made productive? A) Hierarchy of human needs B) Theory X C) Theory Y D) Two factor theory E) Expectancy theory

Q: The greater the probability that some action will cause harm, the greater the intensity of the issue.

Q: When employees are evaluated only on outcomes, they may be pressured to do whatever is necessary to look good on the outcomes, and not be concerned with how they got those results.

Q: If, instead of offering incentives for sales goals, a manager were to get ideas on increasing sales revenue from his sales team to implement, which of the following would MOST likely result? A) The sales team would be more motivated by feeling more invested in the process. B) The sales team would prefer to be given clearly defined goals to meet. C) The sales team would not have enough information to go on in order to get ideas. D) The sales team would come up with too many different ideas. E) The sales team would be more motivated because of the chance to earn more money.

Q: An organization's structural design, its goals, performance appraisal systems, and reward allocation procedures influence the ethical choices of employees.

Q: Which of the following, if true, would BEST show that a manager's strategy for motivating his team is consistent with "Theory Y" about employee motivation? A) The employees would need to see incentives as worth having for their own sake. B) The employees would need to see their work as contributing to a success that they share in. C) The manager wants his team to feel rewards will increase as the quality of work is increased. D) The manager thinks that his team will not do their work well without added incentives. E) The manager thinks that incentives are needed in order to boost morale.

Q: People with an internal locus of control believe that what happens to them is due to luck or chance.

Q: An employee's level of effort began to decline when they learned a new employee with far less experience was hired at the same salary. The employee's lack of motivation can best be described by which theory of motivation? A) Equity B) Expectancy C) Two-factor D) Scientific management E) Planning

Q: The term "values" refers to basic convictions about what is right and wrong behavior.

Q: A manager wants to motivate the maintenance staff to be more productive. She starts by providing training and assures employees that high productivity will be rewarded. Employees are asked to identify the rewards that would mean the most to them. The manager likely subscribes to which theory of motivation? A) Equity B) Expectancy C) Two-factor D) Hierarchy of needs E) Productivity

Q: At the principled level of moral development, an individual values the rights of others and upholds absolute values and rights regardless of the majority's opinion.

Q: An employee is encouraged to apply for a promotion, but does not because he has children and wants to be home in the evening. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following explains why the employee doesn't apply for the job? A) The equity theory issue B) The rewards-personal goals issue C) The performance-rewards issue D) The rewards-ethics issue E) The ethics-performance issue

Q: At the conventional level of moral development, ethical decisions rely on maintaining expected standards and living up to the expectations of others.

Q: The most productive employee in the department doesn't apply for a job opening they are well suited for, in spite of an excellent record and the pay and prestige associated with the new job. The employee believes that the job will go to someone who has more seniority. Based on expectancy theory, which would explain why the employee doesn't apply for the job? A) The effort-performance issue B) The equity theory issue C) The performance-reward issue D) Personal goals E) Family demands

Q: In the preconventional stage of moral development, individuals make a clear effort to define moral principles apart from the authority of the groups to which they belong or of society in general.

Q: Which of the following helps explain why some people do not work as hard as they can when their salaries are based purely on seniority? A) Two-factor theory B) Maslow's hierarchy of human needs C) Scientific management D) Expectancy theory E) Theory X and Theory Y

Q: The centerpiece of the ________ efforts is the Anti-Bribery Convention that was the first global instrument to combat corruption in cross-border business deals. A) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's B) Institute of Global Ethics' C) Ethics and Compliance Officer Association's D) United Nations'

Q: Scientific management is best described as a theory of motivation which states A) job satisfaction depends on two factors, hygiene and motivation. B) people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they have a reasonable chance of obtaining. C) people evaluate their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others. D) managers should analyze jobs to find the most efficient methods and use money as a primary motivator. E) people will work more productively as long as they receive some kind of attention from management.

Q: The idea that businesses should eliminate discrimination with respect to employment and occupation is a Global Compact principle in the area of ________. A) anticorruption B) human rights C) environment D) labor standards

Q: Which of the following theories focuses on people evaluating their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others? A) Equity theory B) Hierarchy of needs C) Expectancy theory D) Goal-setting theory E) X and Y theory

Q: Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining are the Global Compact principles in the area of ________. A) anti-corruption B) human rights C) labor standards D) union representation

Q: If a manager believes that his employees are self-motivated and growth-oriented, what type of manager is he? A) Theory Y B) Theory X C) Classical D) Hierarchical E) Expectant

Q: ________ is a document created by the United Nations outlining principles for doing business globally in the areas of human rights, labor, the environment, and anticorruption. A) The Global Reporting Initiative B) The Global Compact C) The Global Convention D) The Global Ethics

Q: Which of the following lists Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs in order, starting with the most basic? A) Physiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization B) Social, security, physiological, esteem, self-actualization C) Physiological, self-actualization, security, esteem, social D) Physiological, esteem, security, social, self-actualization E) Esteem, self-actualization, social, physiological, security

Q: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it illegal for U.S. firms to ________. A) make any cash payment for deferential treatment in a foreign transaction B) make any payment over 5 percent of total cost toward administrative overhead in foreign transactions C) knowingly corrupt a foreign official D) knowingly pay a foreign clerical or administrative employee in exchange for service

Q: According to Maslow's model, a set of needs will be a motivator until which of the following occurs? A) The needs are satisfied. B) New needs are identified. C) The person becomes self-motivated. D) A supervisor changes the work. E) The needs are replaced by hygiene factors.

Q: A cartoon showing black smoke from a smokestack and the caption "We're okay as long as the wind keeps blowing" illustrates which factor of issue intensity? A) consensus of wrong B) greatness of harm C) probability of harm D) proximity to victims

Q: What is MOST useful about Theory X and Theory Y? A) They shed light on managers' attitudes toward employees. B) They provide a useful blueprint for taking action. C) They help managers better understand employees. D) They accurately depict the attitude of employees at work. E) They support management decisions and plans.

Q: A student who never considers breaking into an instructor's office to steal an accounting exam didn't think twice about asking a friend who took the same course from the same instructor last semester what questions were on the exam. What does this example illustrate? A) This example illustrates the concept of issue intensity. B) The student involved has an internal locus of control. C) The student involved has a strong ego strength. D) This example illustrates the concept of value-based management.

Q: What is the Hawthorne effect? A) The belief that employees are motivated by money alone B) The conclusion that workers are more productive if management pays attention to them C) The determination that the level of lighting in a workplace has no effect on productivity D) The theory that workers are more productive if their jobs are analyzed closely E) The unspoken agreement between the employee and the employer

Q: Which one of the following is true concerning the impact of organizational culture on ethical behavior? A) An organization with low conflict tolerance encourages ethical behavior. B) An organization with strong culture can encourage either ethical or unethical behavior. C) An organizational culture that is high in conflict tolerance encourages unethical behavior. D) An organizational culture that is high in control encourages unethical behavior.

Q: What causes people to behave in a certain way on the job? A) Person-job fit B) Inducements C) Pay D) Psychological contracts E) Motivation