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Q:
Negotiation involves bringing those affected by change into the decision-making process.
Q:
In interviews with two leadership applicants, a manager tried to determine each person's knowledge of the industry, level of energy, and level of self-esteem. With which of the following concepts of leadership is the manager MOST concerned here?
A) Charismatic leadership
B) Behavioral leadership
C) Situational leadership
D) Trait-based leadership
E) Transformational leadership
Q:
People may resist change based on habit.
Q:
Which of the following BEST describes employee-focused leader behavior?
A) Concentration on both the work quality and work quantity of employees
B) Concentration on both the well-being and work quality of employees
C) Concentration on both the satisfaction and work quantity of employees
D) Concentration on both the satisfaction and the well-being of employees
E) Concentration on both the work quantity and the well-being of employees
Q:
One reason people resist change in an organization is that they are afraid their skill set will be obsolete.
Q:
Which of the following BEST describes task-focused leader behavior?
A) Concentration on how tasks should be performed
B) Concentration on which tasks should be performed
C) Concentration on why tasks should be performed
D) Concentration on who should perform which tasks
E) Concentration on when tasks should be performed
Q:
Which of the following is a favorable condition that will facilitate a cultural change?
A) The organization has a strong culture.
B) The organization has a long existence.
C) A dramatic crisis occurs.
D) A stable leadership exists.
Q:
________ involves distorting facts to make the change appear more attractive.
A) Framing
B) Education and communication
C) Participation
D) Manipulation and co-optation
Q:
What was a major problem with the trait approach to leadership?
A) The studies were too innovative and thus were not taken seriously at the time.
B) The studies were too inconsistent and thus not very practical.
C) The results were not very inspiring and thus ignored.
D) The results were found to be too pessimistic and thus were dismissed as useless.
E) The studies were too focused on certain leaders and thus were dismissed as irrelevant.
Q:
Leadership researchers in the late 1940s believed that leaders should engage in which of the following behaviors?
A) Mostly employee-focused leader behavior
B) Mostly task-focused leader behavior
C) Both employee-focused leader behavior and task-focused leader behavior in equal amounts
D) A mixture of employee-focused leader behavior and task-focused behavior depending on the task
E) A mixture of employee-focused leader behavior and task-focused behavior depending on the employees
Q:
________ involves exchanging something of value for an agreement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.
A) Negotiation
B) Manipulation and co-optation
C) Coercion
D) Facilitation and support
Q:
What area was the earliest research on leadership MOST concerned with?
A) Leadership behaviors
B) Leadership traits
C) Leadership situations
D) Leadership integrity
E) Leadership roles
Q:
Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, or a short paid leave of absence.
A) negotiation
B) facilitation and support
C) manipulation and co-optation
D) coercion
Q:
Identify the five types of leadership power and explain each.
Q:
Back2Work is considering replacing the receptionist who answers the phone with an automated answering system. Back2Work should ________ to reduce resistance to this change.
A) negotiate with the current receptionist
B) tell the current receptionist she is being reassigned
C) involve the current receptionist in the decision process
D) explain the benefits of this change to the current receptionist.
Q:
What is the difference between leadership and management within an organization?
Q:
All managers are leaders, but not all leaders are managers.
Q:
________ involves bringing individuals directly affected by the proposed change into the decision-making process.
A) Participation
B) Facilitation and support
C) Delegation
D) Manipulation and co-optation
Q:
Management is defined as the processes and behaviors used to motivate, inspire, and influence the behaviors of others.
Q:
In addition to face-to-face meetings, employers are encouraged to use ________ to communicate information about changes to their workforce.
A) paid public announcements
B) social media
C) bulletin boards
D) emails
Q:
Fred's Donuts is installing new equipment in its bakery. Many employees are fearful they will not be able to operate it. Which one of the following courses of actions is best for Fred to use to overcome this employee resistance?
A) threaten the employees who resist the change
B) present distorted facts to the employees
C) terminate employees who resist the change
D) educate employees and communicate with them
Q:
When someone is able to act as both a leader and a manager, what type of power do they possess that others often do not?
A) Legitimate power
B) Reward power
C) Referent power
D) Expert power
E) Coercive power
Q:
What type of power is more abstract, often based on loyalty or charisma?
A) Legitimate power
B) Reward power
C) Referent power
D) Expert power
E) Coercive power
Q:
Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation?
A) negotiation
B) education and communication
C) participation
D) facilitation and support
Q:
Back2Work succeeded because it offered personalized assistance to its clientspeople who had lost jobsbeginning with having a live person answer every phone call. When management proposed an automated answering service with a directory tree ("Press 1 for a company directory", for example), Cathy was concerned the company would lose customers. Cathy's resistance stemmed from her
A) belief that uncertainty would increase
B) fear that she would be forced out of her habit
C) concern over personal loss
D) belief that the change was incompatible with the goals and interests of the organization.
Q:
Salary increases, bonuses, promotions, praise and job assignments are all examples of what type of power?
A) Legitimate power
B) Reward power
C) Referent power
D) Expert power
E) Coercive power
Q:
What type of power is granted through the established hierarchy within the organization?
A) Legitimate power
B) Reward power
C) Referent power
D) Expert power
E) Coercive power
Q:
Shelly was the most senior employee in the department and knew just about everything about everyone else's job. If all employees in the department were cross-trained, Shelly would no longer have an advantage that brought with it special privileges. Shelly's resistance to change came from her ________.
A) belief that uncertainty would increase
B) fear that she would be forced out of her habit
C) concern over personal loss
D) belief that the changes would harm the organization
Q:
Whereas managers focus on plans, results, and goals, what do leaders focus on?
A) Productivity
B) Profitability
C) Inspiration
D) Sales
E) Organization
Q:
Which of the following describes the concept of leadership?
A) The processes and behaviors used by someone to determine the optimal decision among several options
B) The processes and behaviors used by someone to motivate, inspire, and influence the behaviors of others
C) The processes and behaviors used by someone to establish the organizational structure of a firm
D) The processes and behaviors used by someone to manage the functioning of an organization
E) The processes and behaviors used by someone to achieve tangible outcomes within an organization
Q:
When Joshua proposed cross-training his employees so absences and vacations would not pose such a problem in productivity, his employees objected. Their resistance came from their ________.
A) belief that ambiguity would increase
B) fear that they would be forced out of their habits
C) concern over personal loss of income
D) belief that Joshua's changes would harm the organization
Q:
An individual is likely to resist change because of the feeling ________.
A) of achievement
B) of uncertainty
C) of personal gain
D) that the change is in the organization's best interest
Q:
Which of the following do organizations need in order to be effective?
A) More leadership than management
B) More management than leadership
C) Both leadership and management
D) Either leadership or management
E) Neither leadership nor management
Q:
Define Organizational Development (OD). List and explain the five most popular OD techniques.
Q:
Discuss ways in which managers can link the concept of punishment and rewards as a form of behavior modification.
Q:
Explain organizational change and briefly discuss the four types of change.
Q:
Discuss the potential benefits to the employer from a flextime program.
Q:
Discuss modified work schedules and how they increase job satisfaction.
Q:
Sensitivity training refers to activities that help team members learn how each member thinks and works.
Q:
Discuss management by objectives (MBO).
Q:
Changing structure includes any change in structural variables such as reporting relationships, coordination mechanisms, employee empowerment, or job redesign.
Q:
Managers exclusively play the role of change agents.
Q:
Under what conditions might the use of work teams be inappropriate?
Q:
Organizational change can be any alteration of strategy, people, structure, or technology.
Q:
How can teams lead to higher levels of employee motivation and satisfaction in smaller firms?
Q:
What organizational development technique involves changing the attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that work groups have about each other?
A) team building
B) intergroup development
C) survey feedback
D) sensitivity training
Q:
In what three ways is job redesign typically implemented?
Q:
An increase in the diversity of his department has led to conflict and animosity. To reduce this and allow his team to become more productive, Lemuel has asked the Human Resources department to provide ________ for his people.
A) survey feedback
B) sensitivity training
C) team building
D) intergroup development
Q:
According to social learning theory, people learn, in part, because others expect them to.
Q:
The use of teams can increase motivation and job satisfaction.
Q:
________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction.
A) Team building
B) Intergroup development
C) Survey feedback
D) Sensitivity training
Q:
If Kraft Foods hired a consultant to decrease group friction and enhance cooperative work relationships, this would be an example of managing ________ changes.
A) technological
B) people
C) financial
D) structural
Q:
According to many experts, motivational impact is the biggest advantage of MBO.
Q:
Positive reinforcement is used when a company or manager provides a reward when employees' exhibit desired behaviors.
Q:
________ is the term used to describe change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships.
A) Commercial development
B) Organizational development
C) Career development
D) Comprehensive development
Q:
MBO involves managers and subordinates in setting goals and evaluating progress.
Q:
When supermarkets and other retailers use scanners that provide instant inventory information, they are adopting ________ changes.
A) technological
B) people
C) efficiency
D) structural
Q:
With job sharing, companies often experience increased turnover.
Q:
The installation of the new equipment at Fred Fryer's Donuts, Inc., is an example of ________.
A) people change
B) management change
C) technological change
D) structural change
Q:
Job rotation is a form of job enrichment.
Q:
Technological changes usually involve the introduction of ________.
A) new equipment, tools, or operating methods
B) new equipment, tools or people
C) new equipment, operating methods, or structure
D) new equipment, people, or structure
Q:
Participation and empowerment work more effectively in large firms than in small firms.
Q:
Changes in work processes, methods, and equipment are a part of ________ changes.
A) technological
B) structural component
C) financial
D) structural design
Q:
With job rotation, conventional office space is redesigned to accommodate jobs that are less dependent on assigned spaces.
Q:
After several expansions and acquisitions that resulted in duplicate positions of several administrative functions, U.S. Big Corp. decided to reorganize itself around customers rather than around functions. This would amount to a change in ________.
A) structural design
B) selection process
C) degree of centralization
D) structural components
Q:
Which type of change might include a shift from a functional to a product structure?
A) a structural design change
B) a structural component change
C) a technological change
D) a people change
Q:
The essence behind management by objectives (MBO) is that performance goals are used to direct and motivate behavior.
Q:
According to social learning theory, what determines the behavior of an individual at the work place?
A) Cognitions and social environment
B) Management by objectives
C) Analysis
D) Comparisons
E) Reinforcement
Q:
After Body-Met acquired Uni-Dyne, the company reorganized around geographic divisions instead of function. This action represents changes in ________
A) strategy
B) structural components
C) structural design
D) people
Q:
Which behavior modification choice links a negative action with a negative consequence?
A) Performance measurement
B) Punishment
C) Regression
D) Social learning
E) Management by objectives
Q:
A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing ________ changes.
A) technological
B) people
C) strategy
D) structural
Q:
Which of the following is based on the idea that different people need and want different things from their jobs?
A) Training
B) Teamwork
C) Participative management
D) Expectancy
E) Empowerment
Q:
Which of the following is being practiced when employees can determine how to accomplish their jobs and results in increased commitment to organizational goals?
A) Social learning
B) Participative management
C) Management by objectives
D) Job enrichment
E) Positive reinforcement
Q:
Who are whistle-blowers? What can managers do to protect them?
Q:
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, whistle-blowers in the United States who report suspected corporate violations of laws now have protection from reprisals and retaliation.
Q:
Which of the following is the most frequently used method of setting performance goals to motivate behavior?
A) Social learning
B) Participative management
C) Management by objectives
D) Job enrichment
E) Positive reinforcement
Q:
Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues to others inside or outside the organization are called social activists.
Q:
Which of the following allows people to choose their working hours by adjusting a standard work schedule on a daily or weekly basis?
A) Job enrichment
B) Flextime programs
C) Job enlargement
D) Job redesign
E) Work sharing
Q:
To encourage employees to report ethical concerns, managers must make sure the reporting employee knows the outcome of any investigation, including the punishment meted out to the perpetrator.
Q:
Which is an example of a modified work schedule?
A) Job sharing
B) Job redesign
C) Job rotation
D) Job enrichment
E) Job elimination