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Q:
Outside consultants tend to recommend more cautious changes because they may fear lawsuits if the recommendations turn out badly.
Q:
What types of decisions are unstructured and require considerable time, energy, and resources to make?
A) Conditional
B) Nonprogrammed
C) Ethical
D) Strategic
E) Programmed
Q:
What is the behavior that results when a decision maker makes a decision and continues to support that decision, even when it appears to be wrong?
A) Escalation of commitment
B) Legitimate power
C) Risk propensity
D) Path-glory
E) Intuition
Q:
Labor strikes are an example of which of the following internal change factors?
A) workforce composition
B) new equipment
C) employee attitudes
D) organizational strategy
Q:
Which one of the following represents a change in technology?
A) Hand-held calculators replaced pencil and paper in the workplace.
B) Brenda exchanged her broken iPhone 4 for an iPhone 5.
C) Wooden desks were replaced by steel ones with composite tops.
D) Brownstone Corp. carpeted the tile floors in its office areas.
Q:
Which of the following represents an informal alliance of individuals who seek to achieve a common goal?
A) Lobbying
B) Escalation of commitment
C) Political force
D) Coalition
E) Leadership
Q:
Increasing the numbers of employed women and minorities forces managers to pay attention to what change factor?
A) organizational strategy
B) changes in the composition of the workforce
C) new equipment
D) changing technology
Q:
What is a prime ingredient in fostering different levels of risk propensity within an organization?
A) Organizational culture
B) Profitability level
C) Gender differences
D) Cross-cultural interactions
E) Company size
Q:
Which of the following dispositions is typical for leaders with a high degree of risk propensity?
A) Reliance on intuition
B) Reliance on rational decisions
C) Aversion against use of intuition
D) Aversion against rational decisions
E) Aversion against use of both intuition and rational decisions
Q:
During his first year of employment, Arnold saw mostly white male faces in his plant. Now he sees women and men of all ages and ethnicities. Communication has become challenging. Arnold has noticed a change in the ________.
A) lifestyle choices
B) workforce composition
C) employment laws
D) employee attitudes
Q:
In selecting an alternative when making a decision, what should decision makers keep in mind?
A) Finding multiple acceptable alternatives is neither possible nor efficient.
B) Finding multiple acceptable alternatives should not take very long.
C) Selecting one alternative and rejecting all others will be the decision maker's main objective.
D) Selecting one alternative and rejecting all others might not be necessary.
E) Selecting one alternative and rejecting all others should be a straightforward process.
Q:
Bullseye, a large discount retailer, discovered it could not compete with the world's largest retailer and has repositioned itself as a more upscale discount department store. This move represents a change in ________.
A) consumer preferences
B) organizational strategy
C) technology
D) the economy
Q:
An inward belief about something, often without conscious consideration, is frequently referred to as what?
A) Intuition
B) Risk taking
C) Commitment
D) Discernment
E) Rationality
Q:
Falling interest rates are an example of what external force?
A) change in composition of workforce
B) change in employee attitudes
C) technological change
D) economic change
Q:
Sales are down; unemployment is up. Evergreen Park Homes can no longer support its current level of production. Evergreen is facing a change in ________.
A) government regulations
B) technology
C) consumer preferences
D) the economy
Q:
Which of the following reflects the extent to which a leader is willing to gamble when making a decision?
A) Escalation of commitment
B) Overconfidence
C) Caution
D) Intuition
E) Risk propensity
Q:
Which one of the following represents a change in technology?
A) Most business communication involves email.
B) Electricity is produced by generating plants that burn coal.
C) Bold, bright colors in clothing and wall paint have largely replaced neutrals.
D) The participation rate of the U.S. labor force is at its lowest point in the last 40 years.
Q:
What is the definition of a coalition?
A) An informal group formed to achieve a common goal
B) An institution incorporated in order to achieve a common goal
C) A pro-business political party
D) The network of management within a firm
E) The network of employees within a firm
Q:
Which one of the following is an example of changing consumer preferences?
A) Cell phone cameras have improved with each version of the phone.
B) Employers with at least 50 employees must offer health care plans.
C) A recession has caused an increase in unemployment.
D) The colors in home fashions change every year.
Q:
What is the first step in rational decision making?
A) Understanding who will make the decision
B) Recognizing that a decision is necessary
C) Identifying alternatives to the problem
D) Choosing an alternative
E) Implementing the alternative
Q:
When the employees express their concern about their bonus checks, which of the following types of forces of change is in play?
A) external force of change
B) labor market force of change
C) internal force of change
D) social force of change
Q:
Which of the following is the name for choosing one alternative from among several options?
A) Decision making
B) Assessment
C) Evaluation
D) Discernment
E) Arbitration
Q:
First he was all about innovation. Next it was efficiency. Now Snyder's strategy is customer responsiveness. These changes in strategy are indicative of ________.
A) external force of change
B) internal force of change
C) marketplace force of change
D) economic force of change
Q:
Explain the concept and importance of ethical leadership.
Q:
The technology change in the manufacturing process of New Ideas, Inc.'s products to make the process more efficient is the result of a competitor lowering its price. Therefore, it was a(n) ________.
A) external force of change
B) internal force of change
C) marketplace force of change
D) economic force of change
Q:
Why has virtual leadership become an important issue for organizations?
Q:
Virtual leaders don't need to concern themselves with creating and maintaining relationships with their employees.
Q:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an example of which of the following forces of change?
A) internal change
B) technological change
C) external change
D) organizational strategy change
Q:
Virtual leadership refers to the role of leaders in a team environment.
Q:
Organizations need change because ________.
A) the future is unpredictable
B) the environment is stable
C) external and internal factors create the forces for change
D) employees get bored with the status quo
Q:
Strategic leadership is a leader's ability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment.
Q:
Outside consultants are more likely to initiate ________ organizational changes than insiders are.
A) drastic
B) mild
C) acceptable
D) trivial
Q:
Strategic leaders work toward creating a more hierarchical structure.
Q:
In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.
A) change masters
B) change agents
C) change champions
D) change generators
Q:
Business leaders are promoted to senior position because they are ethical people.
Q:
Alison has an idea for improving the efficiency of her work area. When she approached her supervisor, she was asked to shepherd the idea through the approval, implementation, and evaluations processes. Alison has become a ________.
A) supervisor
B) change agent
C) group leader
D) job coach
Q:
How can virtual leaders ensure effective communication with remote workers?
A) Develop a strong one-way process for communication.
B) Limit active listening.
C) Use multiple channels to communicate.
D) Minimize the use of structured work-related events.
E) Allow each remote employee to establish ground rules for getting work done.
Q:
Organizational change can best be defined as ________.
A) rethinking the organization's target markets
B) innovation that affects employees and customers
C) a "cleaning house" of the top executives
D) any alteration of people, structure, or technology.
Q:
Which of the following is considered to be one of the biggest challenges facing virtual leaders and their workers today?
A) Clear goals and measurements for projects
B) Feelings of isolation
C) Highly complex work environments
D) Inconsistent "big pictures" for employees
E) Organizational commitment
Q:
Explain why large organizations are less likely to create disruptive innovations.
Q:
In addition to understanding the organization's history and culture, what must a leader understand in order to be effective at strategic leadership?
A) The external environment
B) The needs of stakeholders
C) The advantages to virtual leadership
D) The hiring process
E) How men and women respond to various leadership styles
Q:
Large organizations have distinct cultures that limit their ability to move into new markets.
Q:
In exercising strategic leadership, what is a leader MOST likely to do?
A) Focus on company efficiency
B) Focus on hiring the right people
C) Align the company with its environment
D) Avoid environmental impact on the firm
E) Engage the firm with community organizations
Q:
Disruptive innovations are more likely to come from large companies with extensive resources.
Q:
Which of the current business characteristics has brought the rise of virtual leadership?
A) More communication within the organization
B) Little communication among employees
C) More face-to-face communication within the organization
D) Less face-to-face communication within the organization
E) Little communication between employees and management
Q:
The term skunk works refers to________.
A) a project gone bad
B) an entrepreneurial operation funded by a large organization
C) a production facility that no longer meets the needs of the organization
D) an off-balance-sheet, secret research facility engaged in questionable activities
Q:
Recent corporate scandals that have shaken the public's faith in business leadership have brought increased attention to what area of leadership?
A) Virtual leadership
B) Ethical leadership
C) Strategic leadership
D) Employee-focused leadership
E) Charismatic leadership
Q:
Which one of the following would be considered a sustaining innovation?
A) Batteries for electric cars have a range of 500 miles on one charge.
B) The steam engine makes travel by rail possible.
C) Robots are trained as combat soldiers.
D) Chips embedded into the brain provide access to entire libraries.
Q:
Which part of the management of an organization would be MOST involved with strategic leadership?
A) The top level of management
B) The supervisory level of management
C) The advisory level of management
D) The auxiliary level of management
E) All levels of management
Q:
Which one of the following would be considered a disruptive innovation?
A) A new fuel source is developed for automobiles that emits no carbon.
B) A company learns how to harness the tides to make electricity.
C) Humans develop the capability of communicating telepathically.
D) Medical science develops a cure for all cancers.
Q:
How will leadership styles change in a collective culture when compared to an individualistic culture?
Q:
Disruptive innovation describes ________
A) innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry's rules of the game
B) the introduction of significant improvements in existing products or services
C) disruptions in the economy that require new laws or regulations
D) breakthroughs in research that lead to new medical procedures
Q:
From a coaching perspective, what roles might an organizational leader assume?
Q:
List a few cultural characteristics that an innovative organization possesses.
Q:
Male leaders tend to be no more task-focused than female leaders.
Q:
Design thinking can do for innovation what TQM did for quality.
Q:
Most leadership theories and studies have focused on the roles of both men and women in leadership roles.
Q:
Creativity refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.
Q:
A manager working in the United States will typically see a high level of collectivism among workers.
Q:
Design thinking can provide a process for ________.
A) brainstorming
B) coming up with things that don't exist
C) experimenting with customers
D) connecting idea champions in the design department with marketing experts
Q:
The ethical behaviors of top management are less of a concern today compared to the past.
Q:
A coaching role may include taking on responsibilities as a mentor.
Q:
Most idea champions ________.
A) have extremely high self-confidence
B) are lethargic
C) avoid risks
D) are relenting
Q:
Which of the following identifies international differences and diversity issues within an organization?
A) Culture
B) Individualism
C) Collectivism
D) Diversity
E) Autocracy
Q:
________ actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemented.
A) Idea champions
B) Idea developers
C) Idea generators
D) Idea screeners
Q:
What is the term for those who work with less experienced employees to learn how to advance within the organization?
A) Overseer
B) Coach
C) Individualist
D) Collectivist
E) Mentor
Q:
Earnest's team works well when given "big picture" goals and allowed to develop ideas without detailed explanations or guidance. This would indicate Earnest's team is ________.
A) tolerant of conflict
B) an open-system focus team
C) tolerant of risk
D) accepting of ambiguity
Q:
Which of the following structural variables is supportive of organizational innovation?
A) minimal time pressure
B) less creative people
C) high interunit communication
D) abundant resources
Q:
Which of the following best describes the new, modern role of a leader?
A) Overseer
B) Individualist
C) Collectivist
D) Coach
E) Autocratic
Q:
Edwin would like to increase the level of creativity and innovation in his department. One step he could take would be to ________.
A) decrease external control
B) decrease diversity of opinions
C) reduce resources
D) resolve conflict
Q:
Which is the MOST accurate statement regarding one of the main differences between the Japanese and American cultures?
A) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as conservative, whereas American culture is often characterized as liberal.
B) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as rigidly structured, whereas American culture is often characterized as loosely structured.
C) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as authoritarian, whereas American culture is often characterized as democratic.
D) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as collectivist, whereas American culture is often characterized as individualist.
E) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as socialist, whereas American culture is often characterized as capitalist.
Q:
An innovative culture is likely to have ________.
A) high external controls
B) low tolerance of risks
C) closed-system focus
D) tolerance of conflict
Q:
Which of the following types of leaders has the primary role of helping a less experienced person learn how to function and to advance within an organization?
A) Enabler
B) Mentor
C) Manager
D) Taskmaster
E) Motivator
Q:
Which of the following is a structural variable that supports innovation?
A) work and non-work support
B) tolerance of conflict
C) focus on ends
D) high job security
Q:
Which states the correct definition of individualism?
A) A greater focus on individual characteristics than on cultural characteristics
B) A greater focus on the individual than on the group
C) A greater focus on the individual within a group than on the individual without a group
D) A greater focus on individuals who have been present for the longest time
E) A greater focus on individuals who are in leadership roles
Q:
When a member of her team offers an "off-the-wall" solution to a team problem, Martina has to contend with what cultural variable?
A) tolerance of conflict
B) tolerance of risk
C) tolerance of the impractical
D) focus on ends
Q:
Which states the correct definition of collectivism?
A) A greater focus on group characteristics than on individual characteristics
B) A greater focus on the group than on the individual
C) A greater focus on the individual within a group than on the individual without a group
D) A greater focus on individuals who are most successful
E) A greater focus on groups that have been operative for the longest time
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a cultural variable that fosters innovation?
A) abundant resources
B) low external controls
C) low specialization
D) high job security
Q:
________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or work method.
A) Innovation
B) Inspiration
C) Creativity
D) Ingenuity
Q:
According to current theories of gender roles in leadership, which of the following BEST describes the differences in decision making?
A) Males tend to be more democratic than females in making decisions.
B) Males tend to be more critical than females in making decisions.
C) Males tend to be more autocratic than females in making decisions.
D) Males tend to be more rational than females in making decisions.
E) Males tend to be more charismatic than females in making decisions.