Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following organizations is the chief regulator of the Internet worldwide? a. ICANN (International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers b. U.S. Department of Commerce c. United Nations d. World Trade Organization

Q: The world's major media conglomerates are: a. All from North America, Europe, and Japan b. Nearly all from the United States c. Increasingly concentrated in Asia d. Based in every continent

Q: In 1980, the UNESCO and developing countries, out of concern that rich countries dominate information flow, proposed what is called the ______________. a. Information Act b. New World Information and Communication Order c. Telecommunications Act d. Fairness Doctrine

Q: Because they did not have the private investment needed to support major commercial media, developing nations often turned to ____________ to meet informational needs. a. simple newspapers and local newsletters b. private citizens c. their government d. the United Nations

Q: In his study of television viewing in the home, David Morley finds that: a. Men and women watch television in the same way b. Men watch television and, at the same time, are involved in other activities c. Women are very attentive to television when they watch d. Women watch television and, at the same time, are involved in other activities

Q: Some people criticized the belief that information should flow freely across national boundaries because: a. The availability of such information might threaten national security b. Only "first-world" nations had plentiful resources to collect and distribute news and information c. Too much information could create chaos d. The free flow of information is almost always impossible

Q: Radway finds that for women who work in the home, the act of reading is: a. A means of political empowerment b. A means of sharing activities with their families c. A means of providing a "free space" d. Pure entertainment

Q: A 1948 United Nations Act stipulated that, in order to be valid, freedom of information depended upon the availability of: a. Commercial-free media outlets b. Programs to teach literacy c. Well-maintained public libraries d. A diversity of sources of news and opinion

Q: Hunt's study of audience responses to news coverage of the 1992 Los Angeles riot concluded that: a. Audience responses differed by gender b. Audience responses differed by race c. Audience responses differed by class d. There were no significant differences between groups

Q: "Discursive" resources: a. Create passive recipients b. Are cultural tools that help us to decode media texts c. Are the same for everyone d. Are secondary ideologies

Q: Which of the following does not fit with David Morley's theory of audience member? a. Audiences can read the preferred reading b. Audiences can develop a "negotiated" reading c. Audiences are passive viewers d. Audience can read the oppositional reading

Q: The "encoding-decoding" model in media research includes the following except: a. A message constructed by media producers, and its interpretation by the audience b. Audiences using broader cultural codes to interpret the meaning of media texts c. A specific encoded meaning may not result in a specific decoded interpretation d. Programming and using computer codes

Q: When audience members interpret the meaning of media, they are: a. Constrained by their social location in a specific historical circumstance b. Searching for the single, correct meaning c. Free of constraints when interpreting media d. Creating constraints

Q: Entertainment media do not have any political significance. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is not a discrediting technique sometimes used by media against social movements? a. Overestimating the number of demonstrators at a protest b. Downplaying content in favor of spectacle c. Portraying demonstrators as deviant and unrepresentative of the population d. Giving comparable coverage to much smaller counterdemonstrators

Q: In the "propaganda model," ordinary citizens set media's agenda. a. True b. False

Q: Media "framing" refers to: a. The context into which media place facts b. How photographs are cut to emphasize certain elements c. Claims made without any factual basis d. Issues covered in news

Q: In priming, media attend to certain aspects of an issue, thereby increasing the sensitivity of audiences to the significance of such information. a. True b. False

Q: Indymedia efforts refer to: a. Promotional websites of independent film companies b. Independent Media Centers that provide alternative news and commentary c. Music file-sharing sites d. A cult movie association

Q: Agenda-setting theory assumes minimal effects of media. a. True b. False

Q: According to cultivation theory, people who watch a great deal of television tend to: a. Become more active in civic and political affairs b. Believe they are better informed about current events, whether or not they actually are c. Internalize many of the distortions of social life presented in the media d. Consume other media more

Q: Agenda-setting refers to the ability of: a. Politicians to influence the media's agenda b. The media to influence the public's agenda c. The public to influence the media's agenda d. The media to influence politicians' agenda

Q: Which of the following is not associated with the minimal effects model? a. Those with strong political beliefs are the most likely to be affected by media coverage. b. Media messages tend to reinforce existing belief. c. Media effects usually occur through a "two-step" flow of influence. d. In understanding voter behavior, social characteristics are more important than media.

Q: Mass society theory argued that the decline of personal bonds in modern society was accompanied by the rise in: a. Cultural fragmentation b. The homogenizing impact of mass media c. Religious beliefs d. The significance of family

Q: Political candidates have the most control over their own image in: a. Evening news broadcasts b. Newspaper stories c. Campaign commercials d. Televised debates

Q: The belief that repeated, long-term exposure to violent programs may desensitize some people to the effects of violence is an example of: a. Political socialization theory b. The hypodermic model c. Mass society theory d. Cultivation theory

Q: What are some ways that a company can integrate boundary spanning into its structure?a. build boundary spanning into job descriptionsb. support job switching and job shadowingc. redesign the physical environmentd. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is not associated with the rise of television? a. More political emphasis on appearance and style b. More careful scripting of appearances of politicians c. More structured photo opportunities d. More door-to-door campaigning

Q: Which of the following is not one of the significant influences on news content, according to Herman and Chomsky's "propaganda model"? a. The profit orientation of media companies b. Journalists' heavy reliance on official sources c. The liberal bias of individual journalists d. Advertising

Q: Your author recommends implementing "error correction processes." Some examples of this include using ____ a. tracking processes b. quizzes c. opinion leaders d. all of the above e. a and b

Q: The growing importance of television in American political campaigns has led to: a. An increased emphasis on "grassroots" organizations b. A loss of substance in favor of appearance c. More emphasis on carefully crafting party platforms d. More in-depth analysis of issues

Q: The media theory that argued for the direct and immediate influence of media was: a. Political socialization theory b. The hypodermic model c. Minimal effects theory d. Cultivation theory

Q: How successful was Procter and Gamble with its disposable diapers in the Japanese market? a. P & G lost market share when it didn't act on recommendations about how to better serve the market b. P & G is the model success story: it has maintained its position as market leader by adapting the diaper to better fit Japanese babies c. P & G entered the market late, but became the market leader because of its better understanding of the culture

Q: Which president used early broadcast media in delivering "fireside chats" via the radio? a. Herbert Hoover b. Franklin Roosevelt c. Harry Truman d. Dwight D. Eisenhower

Q: The growth in the influence of media in political life has been reinforced by: a. A decline in political party organizations b. The growth of cable channels c. The decline of competing newspapers d. The growth of urban population centers

Q: How can companies encourage activities that promote shared experiences and common goals? a. Hold company-wide seminars b. Encourage coauthoring of articles c. Develop links between role counterparts in the other organization or divisions d. All of the above e. a and c

Q: The media's influence on political life affects: a. Mostly regular citizens b. Mostly political elites and insiders c. Both political elites and regular citizens d. Neither political elites nor regular citizens

Q: ___ bring together people from different departments to manage a project.a. brainstorming sessionsb. matrix teamsc. cross-functional teamsd. parallel functional teams

Q: The media industry: a. Has powerful political lobbies routinely promoting their interests b. Stays out of politics because it might be perceived as a conflict of interest c. Is prevented from lobbying by FCC regulations d. Is legally allowed to lobby, but almost never does because of conflict of interest concerns

Q: The "Sample Appraisal Interview" presented in the chapter between the banking employee, Chris, and the manager, provides an example of a "best practices" approach to conducting a formal appraisal interview.

Q: Which of the following media effects theory assumes the strongest media impact on individuals? a. Agenda-setting b. Two-step flow of communication c. Cultivation d. Hypodermic media effects

Q: Documenting the formal performance appraisal review is not recommended because it will create a more defensive climate between the interviewer and interviewee.

Q: Compared to middle-class fathers on TV sitcoms, working-class fathers are more likely to be portrayed as: a. Incompetent b. Intelligent c. Ambitious d. Violent

Q: The following are some major tenets of a mass media theory; The media are often successful in telling their audience what to think about. The media decide which issues are important and which are not. What is this theory? a. Priming b. Framing c. Agenda-setting d. Two-step flow of communication

Q: If a manager does an effective job of providing feedback on a day-to-day basis, there is little need to perform a regular performance appraisal.

Q: Strengths of the critical incidents appraisal technique are that it: 1) focuses on employee behavior, 2) provides specific evidence and 3) avoids appraisals of employee personality.

Q: Family-based situation comedies on television are overwhelmingly based in: a. Poor families b. Working-class families c. Middle-class families d. Upper-class families

Q: It is appropriate for a manager to focus on an employee's personality characteristics during a performance appraisal.

Q: The idea that American media and culture are so powerful that they subjugate other cultures is called ____. a. cultural imperialism b. hegemony c. ideology d. mainstreaming

Q: Most employees are satisfied with the information about how they are being judged.

Q: American society as portrayed in the media: a. Is poorer than it is in the real world b. Is wealthier than it is in the real world c. Is a fairly accurate reflection of economic status in the real world d. Features more members of the working class than in the real world

Q: The first gay characters appeared in television in the 2000s. a. True b .False

Q: A bank manager says to one of her employees, "You do a nice job explaining savings products to our customers." How would you evaluate this feedback? a. It's effective: it's positive feedback and likely to be motivating to the employee b. The manager could explain what "nice job" means by discussing specific behaviors the employee engages in c. The manager could discuss the importance of explaining savings products and how it's linked to the company values (e.g., customer service) d. All of the above e. b and c

Q: A majority of employees (61%) believe that their organization tolerates poor performers and over 40% of employees say their good work goes unrecognized.

Q: Which of the following seems to be the subject of the fewest number of studies? a. Race and media b. Gender and media c. Class and media d. All have been equally addressed in research studies

Q: Which statements are true? a. Few employees receive useful feedback about their performance b. A company should place more emphasis on designing an effective formal performance appraisal process than on communicating informal feedback c. A manager should focus only on the positive accomplishments of the employee d. a and b e. a and c

Q: In early Hollywood films of the 1920s and 1930s, the most common roles for blacks were entertainer and servants. a. True b. False

Q: Your author's research reveals that employees are more satisfied with information about their job requirements than they are with information about how they are being judged.

Q: Which of the following is not a finding in Messner's study of gender in sports coverage? a. There is very little overtly sexist commentary. b. Gender was frequently "marked" in women's (but not men's) basketball. c. Overall, women are praised by announcers more often than men. d. An excellent shot was more likely to be labeled as "lucky" when it was made by a woman.

Q: If a reviewer tends to give average ratings on performance items regardless of actual performance, the appraiser is exhibiting what rating bias? a. leniency b. central tendency c. recency d. none of the above

Q: Compared to 25 years ago, media portrayals of women today: a. Have remained almost unchanged b. Feature a wider variety of roles and images c. Feature an even narrower range of roles and images d. Usually include more blatantly sexist images

Q: What can be done to minimize potential legal challenges in the appraisal process? a. Train appraisers to focus on behavioral, observable, and objective evidence b. Encourage employee participation in the process c. Do not allow employees to respond to the review d. All of the above e. a and b

Q: "China Dolls" are a stereotypical image of _______. a. Asian men b. Asian women c. Hispanic men d. Hispanic women

Q: What is the best appraisal technique? a. rank order b. critical incidents c. rating scales d. a and b e. none of the above; it depends on the objective of the appraisal

Q: Early rap music began as a critique of the underlying ideology of mainstream American society. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is not true about "alternative media"? a. It requires fewer financial resources to operate. b. It is easier to control the production of content. c. It can voice unique opinions. d. It promotes dominant ideologies.

Q: ____ usually takes the form of procedures and recipes. a. data b. information c. knowledge d. action

Q: A supervisor creates a mechanism for employees so that they receive feedback about their performance from the job itself. This is called ______feedback. a. job-specific b. job-inherent c. task-specific d. task-inherent

Q: In women's magazines, editorial content often serves as convert advertising. a. True b. False

Q: "Data which provides relevant clues or news" best defines a. data b. information c. knowledge d. action

Q: Gray argues that portrayals of blacks on television are a bifurcated set of images due to the intervention of: a. Corporate sponsors b. Regional differences c. Class status d. Politicians

Q: The basic questions to address when developing a successful feedback system include all of the following excepta. Do employees know their job responsibilities?b. Do employees know the standards of evaluation?c. Do employees effectively communicate with other organizational members?d. Do employees receive useful informal feedback?e. Do employees receive useful feedback from performance appraisals?

Q: Mass advertising emerged in the 1960s to promote the civil rights movement. a. True b. False

Q: Your author believes that effective managers stick to a few specific channels rather than use a portfolio of channels to send and receive communications.

Q: In his study of local news coverage, Entman argues that "modern racism" is: a. Founded on exaggerated claims of discrimination that are not based in reality b. Different than "traditional racism" because it applies to all racial minorities c. More subtle than "traditional racism" d. More widespread than all other racism

Q: Your author recommends focusing more on quantitative (rather than qualitative) data when managing the data-information relationship.

Q: In an ideological criticism of media, it is assumed that media have nothing to do with the real world. a. True b. False

Q: "Mammy," "Jezebel," and "Sapphire" are common media stereotypes of __________. a. Black females b. Latinas c. Asian females d. White females

Q: Once a user determines the value of a communication channel, the value will stay pretty much the same over time.

Q: Researchers believe that 80-85% of a company's knowledge is hard-to-access tacit knowledge.