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Q:
A __________ is a confined fluid upon which muscle contractions act.
Q:
Labeling. contains bonding sites that are indirectly activated by calcium ions.
Q:
Labeling. is where calcium ions have their effect.
Q:
Labeling. includes both sides of the Z band.
Q:
Labeling. is a region where there are only myosin molecules.
Q:
Labeling. is where actin filaments exist without myosin filaments overlapping.
Q:
Labeling. indicates an I band.
Q:
Labeling. indicates the H zone.
Q:
Labeling. is where troponin is located.
Q:
Labeling. indicates a myosin filament.
Q:
Labeling. is where tropomyosin is located.
Q:
Labeling. indicates an actin filament.
Q:
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.
a. pectoralis major
b. trapezius
c. quadriceps femoris
d. triceps
e. gastrocnemius
This is a major muscle in the chest.
Q:
As males and females age they produce lower volumes of sex hormones. For women, taking testosterone to increase libido in becoming more common. Why is the same not common for males?
Q:
Why is Graves' disease dangerous?
Q:
At one time, the pituitary was known as the "master gland". Explain why this name is both fitting and misplaced.
Q:
What would happen if a peptide hormone receptor was expressed in the nucleus like a steroid hormone receptor?
Q:
Light suppresses secretion of __________ by the pineal gland in the brain.
Q:
__________ and _________ are released by neurons of the adrenal medulla and cause a fight-flight response as does stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system.
Q:
The __________ secretes aldosterone, which targets the kidney, and __________, the stress hormone.
Q:
Four __________ glands make a hormone that acts on bone and kidney cells and raises blood calcium level.
Q:
Female gonads are regulated by __________ hormone and luteinizing hormone.
Q:
__________ acts on the uterus and milk ducts.
Q:
The __________, a forebrain region, is structurally and functionally linked with the pituitary gland as a major center for __________ control.
Q:
Binding of a protein hormone may lead to formation of a __________, which relays a signal into the cell.
Q:
When blood glucose is low, alpha cells secrete __________, which calls for glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver.
Q:
All vertebrates have an __________ system of secretory glands and cells.
Q:
Labeling. pituitary gland
Q:
Labeling. parathyroid glands
Q:
Labeling. testes
Q:
Labeling. thymus
Q:
Labeling. thyroid gland
Q:
Labeling. ovaries
Q:
Labeling. hypothalamus
Q:
Labeling. pineal gland
Q:
Labeling. pancreas
Q:
Labeling. adrenal glands
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. adrenal cortex
b. ovary
c. pineal
d. parathyroid
e. thymus
Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by this gland.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. adrenal cortex
b. ovary
c. pineal
d. parathyroid
e. thymus
Progesterone is produced by this gland.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. adrenal cortex
b. ovary
c. pineal
d. parathyroid
e. thymus
This gland secretes a hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. adrenal cortex
b. ovary
c. pineal
d. parathyroid
e. thymus
This gland plays a central role in the immune response.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. adrenal cortex
b. ovary
c. pineal
d. parathyroid
e. thymus
This gland controls circadian rhythms.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below.
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. somatotropin
d. oxytocin
e. antidiuretic hormone
Uterine contractions are induced by this hormone.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below.
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. somatotropin
d. oxytocin
e. antidiuretic hormone
The kidneys are the target for this hormone.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below.
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. somatotropin
d. oxytocin
e. antidiuretic hormone
This hormone induces protein synthesis and cell division in young animals.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below.
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. somatotropin
d. oxytocin
e. antidiuretic hormone
The mammary glands are the target for this hormone.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below.
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. somatotropin
d. oxytocin
e. antidiuretic hormone
This hormone controls water retention and loss.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. pituitary
b. adrenal
c. pancreas
d. thyroid
e. thymus
Insulin is produced in this gland.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. pituitary
b. adrenal
c. pancreas
d. thyroid
e. thymus
This gland produces a hormone that directly controls development and helps control metabolic rate.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. pituitary
b. adrenal
c. pancreas
d. thyroid
e. thymus
Antidiuretic hormone is released from this gland.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. pituitary
b. adrenal
c. pancreas
d. thyroid
e. thymus
Oxytocin is released from this gland.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below.
a. pituitary
b. adrenal
c. pancreas
d. thyroid
e. thymus
This gland is the target for corticotropin (ACTH).
Q:
thyroid gland
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
thymus gland
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
posterior lobe of pituitary
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
pineal gland
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
parathyroid gland
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
pancreatic islets
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
kidneys
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
pituitary
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
hypothalamus
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
gonad
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
glandular epithelium in gastrointestinal tract
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
exocrine glands
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
anterior lobe of pituitary
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
adrenal medulla
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
adrenal cortex
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Q:
Ecdysone inhibitors are used as
a. insecticides.
b. fungicides.
c. herbicides.
d. fungicides and herbicides.
e. none of these.
Q:
Molting in crustaceans is controlled by
a. ecdysone.
b. the X organ.
c. MIH.
d. the Y organ.
e. all of these.
Q:
Obese individuals may suffer increased levels of cancer due to accelerated decline in the function of the:
a. pancreas..
b. thyroid..
c. gonads.
d. parathyroids.
e. thymus.
Q:
The thymus plays a role in:
a. glucose metabolism.
b. immune function.
c. skeletal growth.
d. muscular growth.
e. sleep-wake cycles.
Q:
In cases of the "winter blues" treatment with a bright artificial light can reduce the effects by
a. increasing thyroid gland activity.
b. decreasing pineal gland activity.
c. increasing gonadal output.
d. pancreas reduction.
e. kidney adrenal gland activation.
Q:
Melatonin levels are associated with
a. target cells in the hypothalamus.
b. body temperature.
c. sleep cycles.
d. seasonal affective disorder.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following is not a secondary sexual trait?
a. rounded hips in females.
b. deep voice in males.
c. facial hair in males.
d. rounded breasts in female.
e. testes in males.
Q:
Which of the following is not largely secreted by the gonads?
a. estrogen.
b. testosterone.
c. progesterone.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
The stress response depends on the secretion of
a. cortisol.
b. epinephrine.
c. norepinephrine.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
The hormone whose levels remain high when the body is suffering from inflammation and stress is
a. cortisol.
b. somatotropin.
c. thymosin.
d. prolactin.
e. parathyroid hormone.
Q:
A decrease in cortisol triggers a negative feedback loop and causes release of
a. adrenocorticotropin.
b. cortisol.
c. corticotropin releasing hormone.
d. insulin.
e. thyroxine.
Q:
If you skip a meal, which of the following conditions will prevail?
a. Insulin levels will rise.
b. Glucagon levels will rise.
c. Glycogen will be converted to glucose.
d. Insulin levels will rise, and glycogen will be converted to glucose.
e. Glucagon levels will rise, and glycogen will be converted to glucose.
Q:
Which of the following is true of type 1 diabetes?
a. Insulin levels are near normal.
b. Target cells do not respond normally to insulin.
c. It is the more common form of diabetes.
d. It is thought to be an autoimmune disease.
e. It usually occurs in middle-aged people.