Q&A Hero

Q: Use the figure above illustrating honeybee dances to answer the following questions. A dance that recruits other bees into foraging more than 100 meters distant from the hive is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. All of these except A.

Q: Use the figure above illustrating honeybee dances to answer the following questions. A dance that recruits other bees into foraging 90 degrees to the right of the sun is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: Use the figure above illustrating honeybee dances to answer the following questions. A dance that recruits other bees into foraging directly toward the sun is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: Bees use which information for locating food and the hive? a. local topographic features b. odors c. magnetism d. the angle of the sun e. distance between plants

Q: Social behavior depends on a. genetic similarity. b. bonding early in youth. c. communication. d. diversity. e. polymorphism.

Q: Which of the following communication signals is mismatched? a. tactile; honeybees b. acoustical; frogs c. visual; baboons d. chemical; termites and honeybees e. chemical; fireflies

Q: The above figure is of a wolf behavior which tells others a. to prepare for a fight. b. that the wolf is subordinate and won't be a threat. c. that it wants to mate. d. that it wants to play. e. none of these.

Q: Which of the following is not a tool used by animals to migrate? a. Star position. b. The Earth's magnetic field. c. Olfactory landmarks. d. Sun position. e. All of these are used.

Q: Which of the following implies movement with regard for direction? a. taxis. b. kinesis. c. migration. d. taxis and migration. e. taxis, migration, and kinesis.

Q: Parasitized caterpillars eat more alkaloid-rich food in order to: a. poison themselves. b. poison the parasite. c. give themselves better nutrition to fight off the parasite. d. kill themselves so the parasite will die with them. e. all caterpillars perfer alkaloid-rich food.

Q: Epigenetic effects are the result of: a. a change in the RNA sequence. b. DNA methylation. c. RNA methylation. d. a change in the DNA sequence. e. all of these option.

Q: Newly hatched goslings (baby geese) follow any large moving objects to which they are exposed shortly after hatching. This behavior is an example of a. homing. b. imprinting. c. piloting. d. migration. e. classical conditioning.

Q: The above figure of goslings (baby geese) following their mother demonstrates a. imprinting behavior. b. displaying instinctive behavior. c. feeding a social parasite. d. a learned behavior. e. all of these.

Q: The above figure of a young cuckoo pushing a resident age out of the nest demonstrates a. imprinting behavior. b. displaying instinctive behavior. c. feeding a social parasite. d. a learned behavior. e. all of these.

Q: Imprinting is a a. response to a stimulus. b. learned behavior that occurs during a critical time period. c. fixed action pattern. d. decline in the level of a response to a nonthreatening stimulus. e. type of learning that involves solving novel problems.

Q: Bird song a. has to be heard before a bird can sing it. b. is learned during early life. c. is specific for each bird species. d. has a genetic component. e. includes all of these.

Q: Which of the following statements about bird song is false? a. It is an instinctive behavior. b. The bird nervous system is prewired to recognize the species song. c. A sparrow that is not tutored early in his life can learn the correct song as an adult. d. Rendition of the species song is influenced by acoustic input during a sensitive period. e. All of these are true.

Q: Learned behavior is recognizable by the ____ the animal makes in its responses. a. fixed action patterns b. modifications c. stereotyping d. repetitions e. false starts

Q: Which of the following is(are) fixed action pattern(s)? a. A baby garter snake captures and eats a slug. b. A chick's gaping mouth induces a feeding response in a parent bird. c. A European cuckoo hatchling pushes the host bird's egg out of the nest. d. A male fruit fly waves his wings at a female fruit fly during courtship. e. All of these are fixed action patterns.

Q: Instinctive behavior is a. an innate response. b. a fixed action pattern. c. not altered by experience. d. triggered by a specific stimulus e. all of these.

Q: The cells surrounding milk-producing cells in the female mammary gland contract shortly after the female hears the cry of an infant. This is an example of a. a response that is not a behavior. b. instinctive behavior. c. imprinting behavior. d. learned behavior. e. a time-dependent form of learning.

Q: Characteristics Rover Sitter Foraging behavior Switches feeding area frequently Tends to feed in one area Genotype FF or Ff ff PKG (enzyme) level Higher Lower Speed of learning olfactory cues Faster Slower Long-term memory for olfactory cues Shorter Longer According to the above table, the foraging characteristic that would benefit an animal most in a stable ecology would be? a. A baby garter snake captures and eats a slug. b. A sitter because it would have more trouble adapting to a changing environment. c. A forager because it has the ability to adapt quickly. d. Both the sitter and the forager are equally adept in a stable ecosystem. e. All of these would benefit an animal the most.

Q: The hormone oxytocin affects ____ in many mammals. a. labor and delivery b. lactation c. pair bonding d. maternal behavior e. all of these

Q: Pheromones a. are signaling molecules. b. are released by one individual and influence other individuals of the same species. c. diffuse through the air. d. help to regulate honeybee behavior. e. are all of these.

Q: Africanized bees ____ than European honeybees. a. make less honey b. respond more quickly to perceived threats c. are more aggressive stingers d. are more likely to abandon their colony after being disturbed e. do all of these

Q: A woman has discovered she is pregnant. What should she avoid to reduce the risk of injuring the fetus or having a miscarriage?

Q: What would happen if human chorionic gonadotropin levels did not rise adequately during pregnancy?

Q: Is a mutation more likely to be lethal if it impacts early or late stages in development?

Q: A human embryo does not experience apoptosis. What unusual features would be found on the newborn?

Q: __________ regulates the maturation of the mammary glands, and then oxytocin causes __________.

Q: Nutrients and antibodies move across the placenta from mother to embryo or fetus, as do __________, which can cause birth defects.

Q: During implantation, the __________ buries itself in the uterine wall.

Q: Diffusion of morphogens--products of master genes--creates gradients that cause the differential expression of other genes such as __________, which govern the formation of specific body parts.

Q: __________, products of master genes, act as long-range signals that diffuse out from a source and form a concentration gradient.

Q: Gastrulation is controlled by signal-sending cells that cause movement of neighboring cells and this is called __________.

Q: Most often, three tissue layers form: outer __________, inner __________, and __________ in between the first two layers.

Q: __________ results in an early embryo that has two or three primary tissue layers.

Q: Cleavage produces a __________ stage cell.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below. a. zygote b. blastula c. cleavage d. gastrula e. somites This is a longitudinal series of paired segments.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below. a. zygote b. blastula c. cleavage d. gastrula e. somites Its cellular descendents give rise to all tissue and organs.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below. a. zygote b. blastula c. cleavage d. gastrula e. somites This is the division of the zygote.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below. a. zygote b. blastula c. cleavage d. gastrula e. somites This is the fertilized egg.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below. a. zygote b. blastula c. cleavage d. gastrula e. somites This stage appears as a multicell, fluid-filled ball.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below. a. somites b. blastomeres c. ectoderm d. mesoderm e. endoderm This starts the gut's inner lining.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below. a. somites b. blastomeres c. ectoderm d. mesoderm e. endoderm These reorganize themselves into the gastrula.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below. a. somites b. blastomeres c. ectoderm d. mesoderm e. endoderm These are the source of most bones and the skeletal muscle of the head and trunk.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below. a. somites b. blastomeres c. ectoderm d. mesoderm e. endoderm It forms between the other two primary tissue layers.

Q: Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below. a. somites b. blastomeres c. ectoderm d. mesoderm e. endoderm This is the first primary tissue layer to form.

Q: gray crescent Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: gastrulation Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: gastrula Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: fertilization Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: embryonic induction Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: differentiation Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: controlled cell death Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: cleavage Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: animal pole Choose the one best answer for each numbered item. a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and where gastrulation will begin b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers c. the fusion of male and female nuclei d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part e. selective gene expression results in different cell types f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before organogenesis begins i. the formation of organs j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a predefined pattern of the whole organism results l. occurs in the formation of the human hand

Q: Milk production in women is stimulated by a. estrogen. b. prolactin. c. oxytocin. d. prostaglandin. e. progesterone.

Q: The female hormones that participate in milk production for and delivery to the newborn are a. prolactin and oxytocin. b. prolactin and estrogen. c. prolactin and progesterone. d. oxytocin and estrogen. e. oxytocin and progesterone.

Q: The hormone ____ is involved in a positive feedback cycle that results in strong uterine contractions during labor. a. estrogen b. oxytocin c. cortisol d. progesterone e. prolactin

Q: Smoking tobacco regularly during pregnancy results in all EXCEPT a. increased risk of miscarriage. b. newborns of lower birth weight. c. reduced vitamin C levels for the mother-to-be and for her fetus. d. fetal facial and cranial deformities. e. higher incidence of fetal heart defects.

Q: Which of the following statements is false regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy? a. The developing embryo or fetus quickly absorbs alcohol across the placenta. b. Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include reduced brain size and facial deformities. c. Cases of FAS are seriously underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. d. The effects of FAS are temporary. e. Even occasional drinking may have negative effects.

Q: Adequate intake of ____ by a mother-to-be before and during early pregnancy may reduce the risk of spina bifida and other serious neural tube defects. a. carbohydrates b. folic acid c. calcium d. vitamin C e. sodium

Q: By the eighth week in humans a. the embryo looks distinctly human. b. the neural tube is complete. c. upper and lower limbs have formed, and individual fingers and toes have separated from each other. d. male or female reproductive structures are forming. e. all of these are true.

Q: Which of the following does NOT occur in the first trimester during human development? a. formation of a heart b. disappearance of the tail c. formation of internal organs d. detection of movement of the fetus e. segmentation and development of somites

Q: Which of the following diffuses in greater amounts from the fetal blood to the mother's blood? a. oxygen b. urea c. hormones d. antibodies e. nutrients

Q: The placenta a. forms from endometrial and extraembryonic tissues. b. will cover about one-fourth of the inner uterine surface at full term. c. does not normally intermingle fetal blood with maternal blood. d. secretes progesterone and estrogens that maintain the uterine lining during the second and third trimesters. e. does all of these.

Q: The extra-embryonic membrane that forms the majority of the placenta is the a. amnion. b. allantois. c. chorion. d. yolk sac. e. umbilical cord.

Q: Which of the following systems is the first to begin development in the human embryo? a. nervous system b. excretory system c. reproductive system d. skeletal system e. endocrine system

Q: Use the figure above showing developmental day 14 to answer the following questions. The yolk sac is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: Use the figure above showing developmental day 14 to answer the following questions. The cavity of the sac that will directly enclose the embryo is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: Which of the following human extraembryonic membranes is the first site of blood cell formation and the source of germ cells? a. amnion b. yolk sac c. chorion d. allantois e. none of these

Q: Which of the following human extraembryonic membranes forms the urinary bladder? a. amnion b. yolk sac c. chorion d. allantois e. none of these

Q: Which of the following statements is false? a. Ovulation occurs when the follicle ruptures and releases an egg. b. The zygote divides by mitosis during cleavage. c. Fertilization occurs in the upper regions of the oviduct. d. The blastocyst implants in the endometrial lining of the uterus. e. Implantation occurs about 36 hours after fertilization.

Q: Which of the following gives rise to the embryo during human development? a. trophoblast b. amnion c. inner cell mass d. chorion e. placenta

Q: A fetus born earlier than ___ weeks is considered premature. a. 22 b. 26 c. 30 d. 33 e. 37

Q: Which of the following is the final stage of the prenatal period? a. zygote. b. blastocyst. c. embryo. d. fetus. e. infant.

Q: Homeotic genes a. cause lethal mutations. b. regulate development of specific body parts. c. are found only in fruit flies, where they are responsible for odd placement of appendages. d. produce "fate maps." e. form as blocks of genes in cells randomly distributed throughout the body.

Q: Which of the following is FALSE regarding morphogens? a. They are long-range signals in pattern formation. b. They are encoded by master genes. c. They affect gene expression. d. Their concentration increases with distance from source. e. All of these are true.

Q: The change in the developmental fates of different cell lineages in response to signals from adjacent tissues is a. contact inhibition. b. ooplasmic localization. c. embryonic induction. d. pattern formation. e. all of these.