Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Biology & Life Science
Q:
It took more than 100,000 years for the human population to grow to one billion individuals and took about ____ years to add five billion more.
a. 200
b. 20,000
c. 100,000
d. 200,000
e. 500,000
Q:
All EXCEPT which one of the following are the reasons for the rapid population explosion of humans?
a. increases in carrying capacity
b. expansion into new habitats
c. removal of limiting factors
d. reproduction occurring earlier in the life cycle
e. none of these
Q:
The Reznick and Endler guppy study showed that killifish and pike-cichlids raised in natural conditions will
a. affect the age at first reproduction of the guppies that live with them.
b. prey on guppies.
c. affect the growth rate of guppies.
d. affect the evolution of the guppies' life history traits.
e. do all of these.
Q:
The work of Reznick and Endler with guppies shows all of the following EXCEPT that
a. life history traits can be inherited.
b. life history traits evolve.
c. life history traits can be altered over a short period of time.
d. predation does not influence the modification of life history traits.
e. life history traits are coded for in DNA.
Q:
Organisms that demonstrate type I survivorship are characterized by
a. high r, small offspring.
b. low r, small offspring.
c. low r, large offspring.
d. high r, large offspring.
e. low r, large population size.
Q:
A study of a cohort of 1,000 animals showed a 90 percent death rate per individual in the first year, 10 percent the second year, and 5 percent the third year. This population's survivorship is
a. type I.
b. type II.
c. type III.
d. type I the first year and type II in years two and three.
e. type I the first year, type II the second year, and type III the third year.
Q:
Type II survivorship curves
a. are characteristic of humans and elephants.
b. indicate a fairly constant rate of death at all ages.
c. indicate a high mortality rate in the very young.
d. are characteristic of species in which most individuals live a relatively long life and die of old age.
e. are typical of species with high biotic potentials.
Q:
A cohort is
a. a group of individuals of the same species born during the same time interval.
b. any member of the same species.
c. a group of individuals with the same parents.
d. a group of individuals of the same sex.
e. any group of closely related individuals.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth.
The population is in exponential growth at
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth.
The effect of population growth limiting factors begin to become evident at about
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth.
The initial carrying capacity of an environment is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
Density-independent factors that limit population growth include
a. parasites.
b. temperature.
c. disease.
d. competition.
e. predation.
Q:
The animal in the above photograph was adversely affected by ____ and is making a comeback thanks to ____.a. global cooling; heat producing chemical added to their dietb. sexually transmitted viruses; a new vaccinec. limited number of natural cavities; artificial nesting boxesd. high incidence of males being born; transplantation of females from other arease. all of these
Q:
The effect of resource availability on population size determinesa. the carrying capacity of the environment.b. exponential growth.c. the doubling time of a population.d. the population's biotic potential.e. all of these.
Q:
Populations
a. are only limited by one factor at a time.
b. increase arithmetically.
c. may increase indefinitely.
d. are limited by the carrying capacity.
e. overcome limiting factors by increasing their biotic potential.
Q:
Biotic potential is controlled by all of the following factors EXCEPT
a. the age of individuals within the population.
b. the resources available for each individual.
c. fecundity rate.
d. environmental disturbances.
e. all of these control biotic potential.
Q:
There will be approximately ____ mice in four months in a population of 1,000 mice where 500 mice are born and 400 mice die monthly.
a. 1,060
b. 1,160
c. 1,260
d. 1,360
e. 1,460
Q:
The per capita growth rate (r) is ____ per mouse per month in a population of 1,000 mice where 500 mice are born and 400 mice die monthly.
a. 0.1
b. 0.2
c. 0.3
d. 0.4
e. 0.5
Q:
When the birth rate plus immigration equals the death rate plus emigration the result is
a. logistic growth.
b. exponential growth.
c. population saturation.
d. zero population growth.
e. geometric growth.
Q:
Zero population growth is achieved
a. when a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
b. when emigration and immigration are balanced, and the number of births equals the number of deaths.
c. anytime that births exceed deaths.
d. anytime that deaths exceed births.
e. when emigration and immigration are prevented.
Q:
Random dispersion of individuals in a population occurs when habitat conditions are ____, resource availability is ____, and individuals or pairs of individuals ____ one another.
a. random; scarce; either attract or avoid
b. clumped; fairly steady; neither attract nor avoid
c. nearly uniform; random; neither attract nor avoid
d. nearly uniform; fairly steady; neither attract nor avoid
e. clumped; scarce; either attract or avoid
Q:
A population of wolf spiders exemplifies a ____ population distribution.
a. clumped
b. random
c. uniform
d. constant
e. homogeneous
Q:
The distribution of animals and plants in competition for scarce resources is likely to be
a. clumped.
b. random.
c. near-uniform.
d. constant.
e. homogeneous.
Q:
The distribution of social animals is likely to be
a. clumped.
b. random.
c. uniform.
d. constant.
e. homogeneous.
Q:
The distribution of individuals in a school of fish is likely to be
a. clumped.
b. random.
c. uniform.
d. constant.
e. homogeneous.
Q:
What distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world?
a. random
b. uniform
c. clumped
d. stratified or layered
e. homogeneous
Q:
The distribution of strawberry plants in a strawberry field is
a. clumped.
b. random.
c. uniform.
d. constant.
e. homogeneous.
Q:
Individuals in the population grouped according to levels of maturity define the population's
a. carrying capacity.
b. age structure.
c. density.
d. size.
e. birth rate.
Q:
The number of individuals in a specified portion of habitat is the population's
a. distribution.
b. carrying capacity.
c. density.
d. size.
e. birth rate.
Q:
Acts to protect Canadian geese were put into effect in the
a. 1700s.
b. 1800s.
c. early 1900s.
d. late 1900s.
e. 2000s.
Q:
Which of the following is not a problem caused by Canada geese?
a. Their feces can cloud lakes.
b. Their feces contain harmful bacteria.
c. They can destroy lawns.
d. They can be dangerous to air traffic.
e. All of these.
Q:
Explain pheromones and theorize why they are not significantly employed by humans?
Q:
What is the benefit of using the Earth's magnetic field to migrate compared to the sun or stars?
Q:
Why are human behaviors so difficult so study?
Q:
Why are Africanized honeybees more dangerous than European honeybees?
Q:
Ants, termites, and some other insects as well as naked mole-rats are __________ and thus include sterile workers who care for the reproducing members of the group.
Q:
Chemical signals such as __________ have roles in social communication.
Q:
__________ allow animals of the same species to share information.
Q:
A behavior that has a genetic basis is subject to evolution by __________.
Q:
With __________, an animal stops responding to an ongoing stimulus.
Q:
With __________, an animal modifies a voluntary behavior in response to the behavior's consequences.
Q:
With __________, an animal learns to associate an involuntary response to one stimulus with another stimulus.
Q:
__________ is one form of learning that happens only during a sensitive period early in life.
Q:
__________ behavior is altered by experience.
Q:
__________ behavior can occur without having been learned by experience.
Q:
Genes that affect the __________ system often affect behavior.
Q:
Behavior refers to coordinated responses that an animal makes to a __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a. altruism
b. cooperation
c. selfish herd behavior
d. subordination
When a woman raises her brother's children, this is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a. altruism
b. cooperation
c. selfish herd behavior
d. subordination
When a colony of bluegill sunfishes compete for the safe sites at the center of the group, this is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a. altruism
b. cooperation
c. selfish herd behavior
d. subordination
When two or more female lions attack a wildebeest together, this is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a. altruism
b. cooperation
c. selfish herd behavior
d. subordination
When a clump of sawfly caterpillars rear up, writhe, and regurgitate toxic fluid after being disturbed, this is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a. altruism
b. cooperation
c. selfish herd behavior
d. subordination
When the offspring of one brood of Florida scrub-jays help their parents in taking care of their siblings in the next brood, this is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a. tactile
b. auditory
c. visual
d. chemical
The alarm signal one snail sends to another is most likely to be this.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a. tactile
b. auditory
c. visual
d. chemical
The primary signal sent out by receptive female primates is likely to be this.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a. tactile
b. auditory
c. visual
d. chemical
The elaborate posturing displays of male birds-of-paradise utilize this sense in the female.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a. tactile
b. auditory
c. visual
d. chemical
The sex pheromone emitted by a female gypsy moth relies upon this sense in the male.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a. tactile
b. auditory
c. visual
d. chemical
This sensory modality is used by honeybees during the waggle dance.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a. imprinting
b. sexual selection
c. learned behavior
d. defense behavior
e. altruism
A prairie dog makes a particular bark when it sights an eagle. This is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a. imprinting
b. sexual selection
c. learned behavior
d. defense behavior
e. altruism
The adult male who jumps overboard to save a drowning niece is exhibiting __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a. imprinting
b. sexual selection
c. learned behavior
d. defense behavior
e. altruism
If the young of precocial (young that are relatively mature and mobile when hatched) birds (e.g., chickens or ducks) are continually shown a large moving object during the first few days of their lives, they will follow that object. This is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a. imprinting
b. sexual selection
c. learned behavior
d. defense behavior
e. altruism
A garter snake learns to avoid dangerous or unpalatable prey. This is an example of __________.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a. imprinting
b. sexual selection
c. learned behavior
d. defense behavior
e. altruism
The extreme variation in plumage observed among the males of various species of ducks is thought to be due to __________.
Q:
operant conditioning
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
Lorenz
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
learning
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
lek
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
imprinting
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
instinctive behavior
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
altruism
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Q:
Altruistic behavior is
a. selfish.
b. sexually directed behavior.
c. self-sacrificing behavior.
d. aggressive behavior.
e. nonreactive, such as freezing at the sign of danger.
Q:
Altruism in animals
a. lowers their chances of perpetuating their own genes.
b. has no genetic basis.
c. is a conscious effort to preserve the species.
d. is just lucky behavior.
e. includes none of these.
Q:
In highly integrated insect societies,
a. natural selection favors individual behaviors that lead to greater diversity among members of the society.
b. there is scarcely any division of labor.
c. cooperative behavior predominates.
d. patterns of behavior are flexible, and learned behavior predominates.
e. all of these are true.
Q:
If an individual for whatever reason cannot pass on its genes to offspring, the best alternative is to show altruism to
a. relatives.
b. strangers.
c. neighbors.
d. other species.
e. competitors.
Q:
Researchers attempt to explain the persistence of altruism by the theory of
a. self-sacrificing behavior.
b. dominance hierarchy.
c. social behavior.
d. inclusive fitness.
e. sexual selection.
Q:
All EXCEPT which of the following are disadvantages to sociality?
a. predator avoidance
b. cannibalism
c. competition for food
d. contagious diseases
e. parasite infestation
Q:
In the selfish herd, there is an advantage to
a. being on the outside.
b. being near the front.
c. being in the middle.
d. being isolated.
e. none of these; position is of no advantage.
Q:
The presence of the strongest competitors in the center of a group of animals may qualify the group for status as a(n)
a. altruistic society.
b. selfish herd.
c. kin group.
d. dominance hierarchy.
e. sexual selection society.
Q:
Most birds are ____; most mammals are ____.
a. socially monogamous; not socially monogamous
b. socially monogamous; socially monogamous
c. not socially monogamous; not socially monogamous
d. not socially monogamous; socially monogamous
e. not socially monogamous; promiscuous
Q:
Caring for young by both parents is most common in
a. birds.
b. amphibians.
c. mammals.
d. reptiles.
e. amphibians and reptiles.
Q:
Females of various species shop around for males that
a. have the best burrows.
b. offer superior nuptial gifts.
c. make showy displays.
d. include any or all of these.
e. include none of these.