Q&A Hero

Q: Which of these convert organic matter to inorganic matter by breaking down dead organisms? A) producers B) detritivores C) decomposers D) primary consumers

Q: Small fishes that eat zooplankton are ________. A) primary consumers B) producers C) tertiary consumers D) secondary consumers

Q: In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion, the human is a ________. A) tertiary consumer B) secondary consumer C) primary consumer D) producer

Q: In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion, the antelope is ________. A) both an herbivore and a secondary consumer B) both a producer and a primary consumer C) both an herbivore and a primary consumer D) a secondary consumer only

Q: Organisms that consume producers are ________. A) detritivores B) decomposers C) primary consumers D) producers

Q: As a result of a severe disturbance, a community will ________. A) not be repopulated B) be replaced by organisms in random order C) not change D) undergo succession

Q: Populations of two coexisting species are both tertiary consumers in a community. What relationship may exist between these two organisms? A) predation B) mutualism C) competition D) succession

Q: An example of a mutualism, or +/+ relationship, is ________. A) the relationship between corals and unicellular algae B) cryptic coloration in frogs C) herbivory D) the relationship between Virginia's warblers and orange-crowned warblers, which use some of the same resources

Q: Several years ago, I was crossing the border from Canada to the United States and I had a bag of Washington State apples with me. The customs officer at the border would not let me take the apples with me into the United States (and I really hated the idea of getting rid of a bag of perfectly good apples). Why did the customs officer refuse to allow me to cross the border with my apples? A) Washington State apples are considered an endangered fruit. B) Apples grown in the United States for export may be contaminated with DDT. C) There may have been a species that was not native to the United States hitching a ride on my apples. D) Economics: If I couldn't bring the apples in with me, I would have to buy my apples from a store in the United States.

Q: The single greatest threat to biodiversity comes from ________. A) habitat destruction and fragmentation B) invasive species C) overexploitation D) pollution

Q: The present rate of species loss ________. A) suggests that about 25% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century B) is about the same as it has been during the last 100,000 years C) is as much as 100 times higher than at any time in the last 100,000 years D) is slower than in recent years because of conservation efforts

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. In May 2014, the European Union (EU) published a report of population structure and aging data that described growing trends of low birth rates and longer life expectancies in the EU. In their report, the EU described that, due to these trends, some EU member states are beginning to demonstrate a population structure with many much-older individuals. If this trend continues, what do you predict that the populations will look like decades from 2014? A) There will be more older individuals than working-age individuals. B) There will be more children than older individuals. C) There will be more older individuals than children. D) There will be more working-age individuals than older ones.

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Michigan's Isle Royale is an island located in Lake Superior that is 45 miles long and 9 miles wide. Ecologists estimate that the moose population on the island has been there since around 1900. The wolf population on the island, on the other hand, has been there only since the winter of 1949. Weather conditions had to be calm and cold enough for the lake to freeze and the first wolves to make the passage over to the island. When the wolves arrived, they were greeted with a large moose population that had no predators. The moose population was at a dangerously high level, but was kept in check by the arrival of the wolves. This "harmonious" pattern continued for at least 20 years. In 1982, the wolf population suddenly crashed. The problem was a new canine virus. This virus surfaced around the world in 1978 and spread rapidly in about 6 months. Infected animals can survive, but they have to be treated immediately. Ecologists hypothesized that the virus arrived on the island carried on the shoe of a human traveler. The wolf population decreased from 50 to 14 individuals in a year. While the wolf population dropped, the moose population increased. However, the winter of 1996 was extremely harsh and the moose population experienced a major crash. More than 500 animals died during the winter months, reducing the population to less than 800 animals. During a 1-year study, a graduate student attempted to count the wolves and moose on the island. He estimated that there were 950 moose and 120 wolves. How many organisms, populations, and species were included in this study? A) organisms = 2; populations = 1; species = 2 B) organisms = 1,070; populations = 1; species = 2 C) organisms = 2; populations = 2; species = 1,070 D) organisms = 1,070; populations = 2; species = 2

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Michigan's Isle Royale is an island located in Lake Superior that is 45 miles long and 9 miles wide. Ecologists estimate that the moose population on the island has been there since around 1900. The wolf population on the island, on the other hand, has been there only since the winter of 1949. Weather conditions had to be calm and cold enough for the lake to freeze and the first wolves to make the passage over to the island. When the wolves arrived, they were greeted with a large moose population that had no predators. The moose population was at a dangerously high level, but was kept in check by the arrival of the wolves. This "harmonious" pattern continued for at least 20 years. In 1982, the wolf population suddenly crashed. The problem was a new canine virus. This virus surfaced around the world in 1978 and spread rapidly in about 6 months. Infected animals can survive, but they have to be treated immediately. Ecologists hypothesized that the virus arrived on the island carried on the shoe of a human traveler. The wolf population decreased from 50 to 14 individuals in a year. While the wolf population dropped, the moose population increased. However, the winter of 1996 was extremely harsh and the moose population experienced a major crash. More than 500 animals died during the winter months, reducing the population to less than 800 animals. The harsh winter that led to the death of many moose in 1996 is an example of ________. A) a density-dependent factor B) biological control C) a density-independent factor D) a trigger for logistic growth

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Michigan's Isle Royale is an island located in Lake Superior that is 45 miles long and 9 miles wide. Ecologists estimate that the moose population on the island has been there since around 1900. The wolf population on the island, on the other hand, has been there only since the winter of 1949. Weather conditions had to be calm and cold enough for the lake to freeze and the first wolves to make the passage over to the island. When the wolves arrived, they were greeted with a large moose population that had no predators. The moose population was at a dangerously high level, but was kept in check by the arrival of the wolves. This "harmonious" pattern continued for at least 20 years. In 1982, the wolf population suddenly crashed. The problem was a new canine virus. This virus surfaced around the world in 1978 and spread rapidly in about 6 months. Infected animals can survive, but they have to be treated immediately. Ecologists hypothesized that the virus arrived on the island carried on the shoe of a human traveler. The wolf population decreased from 50 to 14 individuals in a year. While the wolf population dropped, the moose population increased. However, the winter of 1996 was extremely harsh and the moose population experienced a major crash. More than 500 animals died during the winter months, reducing the population to less than 800 animals. The virus introduced to the island in 1982 that reduced the wolf population is an example of ________. A) a density-independent factor B) a density-dependent factor C) biological control D) intraspecific competition

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Michigan's Isle Royale is an island located in Lake Superior that is 45 miles long and 9 miles wide. Ecologists estimate that the moose population on the island has been there since around 1900. The wolf population on the island, on the other hand, has been there only since the winter of 1949. Weather conditions had to be calm and cold enough for the lake to freeze and the first wolves to make the passage over to the island. When the wolves arrived, they were greeted with a large moose population that had no predators. The moose population was at a dangerously high level, but was kept in check by the arrival of the wolves. This "harmonious" pattern continued for at least 20 years. In 1982, the wolf population suddenly crashed. The problem was a new canine virus. This virus surfaced around the world in 1978 and spread rapidly in about 6 months. Infected animals can survive, but they have to be treated immediately. Ecologists hypothesized that the virus arrived on the island carried on the shoe of a human traveler. The wolf population decreased from 50 to 14 individuals in a year. While the wolf population dropped, the moose population increased. However, the winter of 1996 was extremely harsh and the moose population experienced a major crash. More than 500 animals died during the winter months, reducing the population to less than 800 animals. What most likely happened when the wolves first arrived on the island? A) The wolf population increased exponentially. B) The wolf population was at its carrying capacity. C) The moose population crashed because of the introduction of a predator. D) The moose population increased exponentially.

Q: Which of the following choices matches this figure? A) Dolphins produce only single offspring at a time and provide parental care for many months. B) During "mating frenzies," male and female squid aggregate and release hundreds of eggs and sperm into the water column. The fertilized eggs are often quickly preyed on by fish. C) The century plant grows for many years and reproduces and releases hundreds of seeds just once before it withers and dies. Because of the dry desert environment in which it lives, many of the seeds do not survive or are eaten. D) In some species of lizards and rodents, survivorship is constant over the life span.

Q: This graph represents three different populations. Use it to answer the following questions. If all populations occupy different areas that are approximately the same size, which population will have the lowest density after 3 years? A) Population A B) Population B C) Population C D) After 3 years, all three populations will have the same density.

Q: This graph represents three different populations. Use it to answer the following questions. Which population is growing at the fastest rate? A) Population A B) Population B C) Population C D) They are all growing at the same rate.

Q: When did male fur seals reach carrying capacity? A) 1915 B) 1930 C) 1940 D) 1950

Q: The figure below shows population cycles of snowshoe hare and lynx. Recent field studies suggest that the most likely explanation for these cycles is ________. A) periodic winter storms B) excessive predation of snowshoe hares C) nearly unlimited food for hares during the summers D) boom-and-bust cycles in lemming populations

Q: During the Pleistocene era, many large mammal species went extinct. Their permanent disappearance occurred in a short period of time when humans were expanding across North America. In this situation, how do many scientists view humans? A) as a threatened species B) as a density-independent factor C) as an invasive species D) as a biological control agent

Q: The ecological footprint of the United States ________. A) is about the same as the global average B) is lower than the global average C) shows that Americans consume a disproportionate amount of food and fuel D) shows that its population size is increasing slowly

Q: A study of the human ecological footprint conducted by the World Wildlife Fund in 2008 shows that ________. A) we have already exceeded the planet's biocapacity per person B) we are far below the planet's biocapacity per person C) Earth can sustain a population about double the current population D) the human population will soon crash

Q: What will be the approximate shape of the age-structure diagram of a rapidly increasing population? A) a rectangle B) a pyramid C) an inverted pyramid D) an hourglass

Q: In most developing countries, ________. A) birth rates equal death rates, so the population is fairly stable B) birth rates are lower than death rates, so the population is declining C) birth rates are lower than death rates, so the population is growing rapidly D) birth rates are much higher than death rates, so the population is growing rapidly

Q: In most developed countries, overall population growth rates ________. A) are high, so the population size is growing rapidly B) are high, so the population size is fairly stable C) are near zero, so the population size is fairly stable D) are low, so the population size is declining

Q: Throughout most of human history, human population size ________. A) was at carrying capacity B) grew very slowly C) showed boom-and-bust cycles D) skyrocketed

Q: Integrated pest management ________. A) favors overwhelming a pest with chemical pesticides B) advocates total eradication of pest species C) aims to keep pest populations on an exponential growth curve D) advocates mixed-species plantings and rotating crops

Q: Most crop pests ________. A) have an opportunistic life history B) have an equilibrial life history C) exhibit type I survivorship D) consist of long-lived individuals

Q: Kudzu, an Asian vine introduced to the United States in the 1930s as a means to control erosion, is referred to as "the plant that ate the South" because it grows so fast and overtakes most plant species in its path. A recent and unusual way that some people are using to control kudzu growth is to allow goats to graze their land and eat the kudzu, roots and all. This is considered by some to be the most environment-friendly way to eliminate this invasive vine. How can we best describe the goats in this situation? A) a threatened species B) an invasive species C) a biological control agent D) an integrated pest management agent

Q: The use of the Indian mongoose to control rat populations ________. A) shows the effectiveness of biological control B) shows why integrated pest management usually fails C) became a disaster when the mongoose turned out to be as invasive as its target D) is an example of how coevolution makes biological control difficult

Q: The intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population is called ________. A) biological control B) coevolution C) sustainable resource management D) integrated pest management

Q: Examples of invasive species include ________. A) kudzu and red-cockaded woodpeckers B) cod and Chilean sea bass C) snowshoe hares and kudzu D) cheatgrass and Burmese pythons

Q: Non-native species can have important effects on biological communities by ________. A) preying upon native species only B) competing with native species for resources only C) reducing biodiversity only D) All of these are effects that non-native species can have on biological communities.

Q: You arrive back in the United States after having visited a foreign country located on another continent. The customs agent stops the person in front of you and confiscates the fruit basket this person is bringing home. Being the knowledgeable person you are, you calmly explain to your enraged fellow traveler that the reason for the detainment is that the fruit basket may be ________. A) carrying endangered fruit B) carrying a non-native species that could damage North American ecosystems C) contaminated with CFCs that will damage the ozone layer above North America D) contaminated with sufficient DDT to cause serious harm to anyone who eats the fruit

Q: The red-cockaded woodpecker, an endangered species, is dependent upon ________ for maintenance of its source habitat. A) thick vegetation at least 15 feet in height B) fire C) floods D) corn snakes

Q: The Endangered Species Act aims to help protect species that ________. A) are in danger of extinction B) dominate suitable habitats C) compete with invasive species D) are economically valuable

Q: An unexpected freeze that kills a population of chipmunks is an example of ________. A) a density-independent factor B) a biological control C) a density-dependent factor D) a population momentum

Q: Over time, the populations of most species ________. A) fluctuate B) increase rapidly, crash, and never recover C) continuously increase D) exhibit boom-and-bust cycles

Q: Which of these factors operates on populations in a density-dependent manner? A) blizzard B) volcanic eruption C) food supply D) flood

Q: Competition among individuals of the same species is ________ competition. A) density-independent B) intraspecific C) Type II D) Type III

Q: According to the logistic growth model, what happens to a population when the size of the population reaches carrying capacity? A) The growth rate increases. B) The growth rate decreases. C) The growth rate cannot be determined. D) The growth rate is zero.

Q: ________ is the maximum population size that a particular habitat can support. A) Population cycle B) Carrying capacity C) Life history pattern D) Survivorship curve

Q: In a population that is following a logistic growth pattern, what shape does the population's growth curve most closely resemble?A) SB) JC) D)

Q: If a population's growth rate decreases as the population size approaches carrying capacity, the population's growth follows a(n) ________ model. A) exponential B) boom-and-bust C) logistic D) density-independent

Q: In an ideal, unlimited environment, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble?A) SB) JC) D)

Q: In an ideal, unlimited environment, a population's growth follows a(n) ________ model. A) exponential B) density-dependent C) logistic D) boom-and-bust

Q: If there are 500 oak trees in a forest covering 50 square kilometers, then the population density is ________. A) 5 trees per square kilometer B) 10 trees per square kilometer C) 50 trees per square kilometer D) 100 trees per square kilometer

Q: Species that exhibit an equilibrial life history typically ________. A) have long lives B) exhibit a Type III survivorship curve C) exhibit a Type II survivorship curve D) have a large number of offspring

Q: Opportunistic species typically ________. A) are very long-living B) have a large number of offspring C) reach sexual maturity slowly D) exhibit a Type I survivorship curve

Q: Which of these best describes Type III survivorship? A) There is high survivorship for the very young. B) Most individuals survive to older age intervals. C) Survivorship is constant over the lifespan. D) Survivorship is high for the few individuals that survive to a certain age.

Q: Which of these best describes Type II survivorship? A) There is high survivorship for the very young. B) Most individuals survive to older age intervals. C) Survivorship is constant over the lifespan. D) Survivorship is high for the few individuals that survive to a certain age.

Q: Type I survivorship curves are typical of species that exhibit ________. A) an intermediate number of offspring and an intermediate level of parental care B) few offspring and good parental care C) many offspring and good parental care D) many offspring and poor parental care

Q: Which of these is a characteristic of Type I survivorship? A) There is low survivorship for the very young. B) Most individuals survive to older age intervals. C) Survivorship is constant over the lifespan. D) Survivorship is high for the few individuals that survive to a certain age.

Q: What is a population? A) a group of organisms that occupy the same general area at different times B) a group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area at the same time C) the growth rate of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area at the same time D) the growth rate of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area at different times

Q: Chinese privet is a plant that is native to China. Over 150 years ago, Chinese privet was introduced to the United States as a fast-growing shrub that serves as an excellent privacy hedge. With no natural predators, Chinese privet quickly established itself and spread in natural areas throughout the southeast and eastern seaboard of the United States. Its dominance in these areas has jeopardized the survival of native plant species. Chinese privet provides evidence that ________. A) introducing non-native organisms can cause environmental damage B) American gardeners can easily control the spread of Chinese privet C) integrated pest management strategies will not decrease Chinese privet populations D) non-native plant species have Type I survivorship curves

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. In May 2014, the European Union (EU) published a report of population structure and aging data that described growing trends of low birth rates and longer life expectancies in the EU. In their report, the EU described that, due to these trends, some EU member states are beginning to demonstrate a population structure with many much-older individuals. Why might this changing population structure be a concern for EU leaders? A) Eventually greater resources will be needed to support a much larger and older generation, and this burden will fall on an increasingly smaller workforce. B) Eventually the EU population will exhibit a Type III survivorship curve. C) Eventually intraspecific competition for resources amongst the older members of the population will lead to a decrease in food and water availability. D) Eventually individuals of reproductive age will face a boom-and-bust population cycle.

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. CO2 is not the only greenhouse gas that impacts global climate change. Other greenhouse gases (GHGs) may be equally or more effective than CO2 at trapping heat on Earth. Climate scientists determine how much a GHG may impact global warming based on two factors: the efficiency with which a GHG absorbs energy (i.e. traps heat on Earth) and the length of time (in years) that the gas remains in the atmosphere. A unit of measurement called the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used to describe how much energy a GHG absorbs over a specific period of time (100 years is a standard time frame). All GWP values of GHGs are compared to the GWP of CO2, which is given a value of 1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are greenhouse gases that, for a specific amount of mass, trap significantly more heat than CO2. How can you classify CFCs? A) gases with lower GWP values than CO2 B) gas with equal GWP values to CO2 C) gases with greater GWP values than CO2 D) gases that do not have GWP values

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. CO2 is not the only greenhouse gas that impacts global climate change. Other greenhouse gases (GHGs) may be equally or more effective than CO2 at trapping heat on Earth. Climate scientists determine how much a GHG may impact global warming based on two factors: the efficiency with which a GHG absorbs energy (i.e. traps heat on Earth) and the length of time (in years) that the gas remains in the atmosphere. A unit of measurement called the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used to describe how much energy a GHG absorbs over a specific period of time (100 years is a standard time frame). All GWP values of GHGs are compared to the GWP of CO2, which is given a value of 1. has a GWP over 20 times higher than CO2. However, CH4 emitted today lasts for only about a decade in the atmosphere, while the GWP of CO2 can last for thousands of years. What is a possible reason that CH4 can have such a high GWP as compared to CO2? A) The 100-year time frame is too short of a time frame to compare CH4 and CO2. B) CH4 absorbs more energy than CO2. C) CH4 is less efficient at trapping heat on Earth. D) CH4 is not a proven greenhouse gas.

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. CO2 is not the only greenhouse gas that impacts global climate change. Other greenhouse gases (GHGs) may be equally or more effective than CO2 at trapping heat on Earth. Climate scientists determine how much a GHG may impact global warming based on two factors: the efficiency with which a GHG absorbs energy (i.e. traps heat on Earth) and the length of time (in years) that the gas remains in the atmosphere. A unit of measurement called the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used to describe how much energy a GHG absorbs over a specific period of time (100 years is a standard time frame). All GWP values of GHGs are compared to the GWP of CO2, which is given a value of 1. In this scenario, how would you best describe CO2? A) It is a baseline comparison for the GWP values of all other GHGs. B) It is a GHG whose GWP value is dependent upon the GWP values of all other GHGs. C) It is the GHG that is the most efficient at trapping heat on Earth. D) It is the GHG that is the least efficient at trapping heat on Earth.

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater streams and, during their first year of life, the young salmon migrate distances up to 1,000 km in order to reach the ocean. Here they spend up to 5 years where they feed and grow, acquiring more than 95% of their biomass. During the summer of their maturing year, they begin the long journey back to their home streams to spawn. Although it is still uncertain how salmon navigate back to their spawning grounds, current hypotheses suggest that they have a highly developed sense of smell that allows them to remember odors they encountered on their migration to the ocean. They then use these odors to help them navigate back to the streams where they were born. At the spawning grounds, females use their tails to form a hollow cavity in the stream gravel where they lay up to 8,000 eggs. The males fertilize the eggs, and both adults typically die soon thereafter. At different times in their lives, salmon can be found in all of the following EXCEPT________. A) a freshwater biome B) a chaparral C) the pelagic realm D) an estuary

Q: Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater streams and, during their first year of life, the young salmon migrate distances up to 1,000 km in order to reach the ocean. Here they spend up to 5 years where they feed and grow, acquiring more than 95% of their biomass. During the summer of their maturing year, they begin the long journey back to their home streams to spawn. Although it is still uncertain how salmon navigate back to their spawning grounds, current hypotheses suggest that they have a highly developed sense of smell that allows them to remember odors they encountered on their migration to the ocean. They then use these odors to help them navigate back to the streams where they were born. At the spawning grounds, females use their tails to form a hollow cavity in the stream gravel where they lay up to 8,000 eggs. The males fertilize the eggs, and both adults typically die soon thereafter. The physiological response that allows salmon to survive in fresh water, then in salt water, and then fresh water again is an example of ________. A) a behavioral response B) evolution C) acclimation D) an anatomical response

Q: Examine the figure below. Globally, the largest amount of water moves from ________. A) the oceans to the atmosphere by evaporation B) land to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration C) the atmosphere to land by precipitation D) land to the oceans by surface and groundwater runoff

Q: Examine the figure below. Phytoplankton live in the ________. A) photic zone and aphotic zone B) aphotic zone C) benthic realm D) photic zone

Q: Examine the figure below. Which part of Earth receives the greatest intensity of solar radiation? A) Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn B) equator C) North and South Poles D) All parts of Earth receive the same intensity of solar radiation.

Q: Scientists have documented that spring seasons starting earlier due to climate change have resulted in some caterpillar species beginning their maturation stage earlier than normal. There are bird species that need the caterpillars to feed their chicks. However, since the caterpillars are maturing before the chicks hatch (and therefore cannot be used for chick food), the birds are experiencing a drop in their lifetime reproductive success. Interestingly, scientists have also documented that the individual birds that are best able to change when they lay their eggs to align with earlier spring seasons have the greatest lifetime reproductive success. These phenomena are examples of ________. A) an evolutionary response to climate change B) an increase in global greenhouse gas emissions due to climate change C) a change in species distribution due to climate change D) the effects of terrestrial biome distribution due to climate change

Q: Which of the following is NOT a cause of increasing CO2 levels? A) burning of fossil fuels B) home energy use C) production of manufactured goods D) creating compost piles from vegetable waste

Q: Which of the following actions would increase your carbon footprint? A) reusing or recycling items B) eating more vegetables and less meat C) eating more beef and less chicken D) walking instead of driving

Q: Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted to humans from a parasite that infects mosquitoes that feed on humans. World health officials have concerns that climate change may impact the transmission of malaria into tropical highland areas in Africa. If these concerns turn out to be valid, they would be evidence for which of the following? A) Global climate change affects the distribution of species. B) Global climate change will negatively impact the transmission of malaria only in Africa. C) Global climate change affects freshwater and marine biomes. D) Global climate change will enable scientists to more easily control the spread of malaria.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a result of global warming? A) changes in the breeding seasons of some species B) increased forest clearing for agricultural purposes C) melting permafrost D) shifts in the ranges of some species

Q: In the oceans, global warming has ________. A) decreased the amount of oxygen available B) benefited corals C) made the water more basic D) made the water more acidic

Q: An effect of deforestation has been to ________. A) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere B) increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere C) increase the rate at which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic material D) decrease the rate of carbon dioxide production through cellular respiration

Q: Temperature increases due to global warming have been greatest ________. A) close to the poles B) in the sea C) in the tropics D) in deserts

Q: The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is due primarily to ________. A) CO2 and other greenhouse gases allowing more solar radiation to penetrate Earth's surface B) CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of UV radiation from Earth C) the loss of ozone that trapped cooling UV radiation in the atmosphere D) CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth

Q: What fraction of Earth's surface has been altered by human use? A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 95%

Q: With regard to the environment as a whole, when is the worst time to apply pesticide to your lawn? A) when it is raining, or is about to rain B) when it is cold, or is about to get cold C) at the same time you apply fertilizer D) at night

Q: Water moves from land to the atmosphere through ________. A) precipitation only B) transpiration only C) transpiration and evaporation D) evaporation and precipitation

Q: Most of the temperate grassland in North America has been converted to ________. A) cities B) farmland C) national parks D) small neighborhoods

Q: Permafrost, or permanently frozen subsoil, characterizes ________. A) temperate broadleaf forest B) chaparral C) tundra D) coniferous forest