Q&A Hero

Astronomy & Astrophysic

Q: Of all the planets, only ________ has surface features easily seen from Earth with ground-based telescopes.
Q: Why is the impact theory now preferred as an explanation for the Moon's origin?
Q: Relate our magnetic field to the aurorae.
Q: What is the primary source of erosion on the Moon? Why does change there take so long?
Q: Explain how crater counts allow us to estimate the ages of surfaces throughout the solar system.
Q: What features are conspicuously absent from the far side of the Moon? Why?
Q: Why is the Moon heavily cratered but Earth is not?
Q: Why are Moon rocks older than Earth rocks, if the impact theory has the Moon being made by another body striking the newly formed Earth?
Q: Which plates are causing the formation of the Andes mountains in western South America? Describe their motions.
Q: Where is the most obvious example of a mountain chain built by continental collision in plate tectonics? Which plates are involved in this head-on collision?
Q: Which two continents are the most obvious pieces in the continental jigsaw puzzle of plate tectonics? Why?
Q: According to the reanalysis of the Apollo seismic data in 2011, what is the structure of the lunar interior?
Q: Name the three principal divisions of the structure of the Earth's interior and the chemical composition of each.
Q: How do earthquakes allow us to model the structure of Earth's core?
Q: Why are plate tectonics not as important a factor on the Moon as they are on Earth?
Q: Contrast S and P waves in terms of speed and transmission through the interior.
Q: Contrast spring and neap tides.
Q: Why does the Moon play a larger role in tides than the Sun?
Q: Of the six layers of Earth, which is unique among the planets? Why?
Q: Name two observable consequences of the Earth's tidal pull on the Moon.
Q: Name two consequences of the Earth's magnetic field detected from space.
Q: What is the primary source of erosion on the Moon today?
Q: List the two major regions of the near side of the Moon, as seen with the naked eye.
Q: What surface region of the Moon is oldest? How do we know this?
Q: Note at least three surface features that are driven by plate tectonics.
Q: Where is the newest material in the Earth's crust found?
Q: Which side of the Moon has the thicker crust? Why?
Q: What were the two primary courses of heating that let the Earth differentiate?
Q: What does it mean when we say the Earth's interior is differentiated?
Q: Why does the Earth's atmosphere contain much more nitrogen than hydrogen?
Q: Name the layers of the Earth's atmosphere, going up from the surface.
Q: Why does the Moon lack an atmosphere?
Q: What are the short- and long-term effects of the Moon's tides on our rotation?
Q: What is meant by tidal locking?
Q: When and why do neap tides occur? How much tidal variation is noted?
Q: When do spring tides occur? How much tidal variation is noted?
Q: List the six main regions of the Earth, in order, starting from the center.
Q: The Moon's composition is similar to Earth's ________.
Q: In general, the ________ lunar craters sit atop the mare.
Q: The ________ hypothesis is now the most popular to explain the Moon's origin.
Q: The coformation hypothesis for the origin of the Moon is difficult to reconcile with the dissimilar ________ and ________ of the Earth and Moon.
Q: In order for the dynamo effect to generate a magnetic field, Earth's outer core must be rapidly spinning, molten, and made of ________.
Q: The ________ are two layers of charged particles trapped by our magnetic fields.
Q: When strong solar wind storms are diverted poleward by our magnetic fields, we often observe ________ in the ionosphere.
Q: The mare are really seas of long since hardened ________, a dark volcanic rock that also makes up the ocean basins of Earth.
Q: The age dating of the solar system is done by radioactive dating of ________.
Q: The dominant dark features on the near side of the Moon are the ________.
Q: Dominating the lunar ________, craters are the result of asteroid and comet impacts.
Q: The ________ in the oceans arise where two advancing plates meet and one is pushed beneath the other, a process called subduction.
Q: The oldest rocks found on the Earth's surface date back about ________ billion years.
Q: ________ is responsible for heating the Earth's interior today.
Q: A hot, molten body of different materials will become ________.
Q: ________ waves cannot travel through the Earth's liquid outer core.
Q: For differentiation to have occurred, the Earth's interior must have been ________.
Q: The ________ seismic waves can pass through both solid and liquid portions of the Earth's interior, and be detected on the other side of the globe.
Q: Because the interior of the Earth is ________, the crust is much less dense than the core.
Q: The most important greenhouse effect gas in our atmosphere is ________.
Q: To map the Earth's interior, we rely on ________ waves created by earthquakes.
Q: Our molten core is believed to consist primarily of the element ________.
Q: Weather always occurs in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the ________.
Q: The water that has been detected on the Moon lies at its ________.
Q: The Moon lacks an atmosphere because its surface gravity is only ________ the Earth's.
Q: ________ radiation is trapped close to our surface by the greenhouse effect.
Q: The ________ in our atmosphere is the result of photosynthesis by plants.
Q: The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by ________.
Q: The most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere is ________.
Q: The ozone layer blocks much of the Sun's ________ radiation.
Q: The greenhouse effect always results in a ________ surface temperature.
Q: The difference in the Moon's gravitational force on the near and far sides of the Earth produces a ________.
Q: The ________ has the largest gravitational pull on Earth.
Q: Plate ________ is the process by which convection within the mantle reforms the crust above it.
Q: The tidal pull of the Sun largely cancels that of the Moon at the ________ phases.
Q: The Sun reinforces the Moon's tidal pull during ________ tides.
Q: The Moon's spin-orbit resonance shows it is ________ with the Earth.
Q: The neap tide can occur at the ________ or ________ phases of the Moon.
Q: The spring tide can occur at either ________ or ________ phases of the Moon.
Q: The ________ tides have a large change from high to low, near new and full moons.
Q: The ________ tides occur when there is little tidal variation, near first and third quarter moons.
Q: The bulk density of the Moon is ________ than that of the Earth it orbits.
Q: Which of these theories seems to best explain the Moon's origin? A) Impact Theory B) Capture Theory C) Coformation Theory D) Fission Theory E) Fusion Theory
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