Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Anthropology
Q:
What is the study of paleoanthropology?
Q:
The tools of Homo heidelbergensis are
a. more similar to those of modern humans than to those of Homo erectus.
b. more similar to those of Homo erectus than to those of modern humans.
c. in between those of Homo erectus and modern humans.
d. never made of chipped stone tools.
Q:
What distinguishes anthropology from other academic disciplines?
Q:
Anthropologists believe that there is no such thing as a cultural universal.
Q:
Derived features of Homo heidelbergensis includea. thin cranial bones. b. small browridges. c. a higher forehead.d. a sagittal keel.
Q:
Derived features of Homo heidelbergensis includea. a larger brain. b. a prominent occipital bun. c. a flat back of the skull.d. a chin.
Q:
Members of the cultures that anthropologists study rarely have access to news of the outside world.
Q:
Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis include
a. a receding forehead.
b. a skull that is narrow behind the eyes.
c. thick cranial bones.
d. a sagittal crest.
Q:
Anthropology degrees lead to about the same job prospects as other liberal arts degrees.
Q:
Primitive features of Homo heidelbergensis includea. a higher forehead. b. a chin. c. a skull with more vertical sides.d. a large, prognathic face.
Q:
Today, in an effort to better understand the foundations of violence, anthropologists tend to remain as politically and socially isolated as possible during fieldwork.
Q:
Globalization has changed the ways that anthropologists work and write.
Q:
The average brain size of Homo heidelbergensis was abouta. 700 cc. b. 1,000 cc. c. 1,300 cc.d. 1,500 cc.
Q:
Homo heidelbergensis lived in
a. Africa only.
b. Africa and Eurasia.
c. Eurasia only.
d. every continent of the world except Antarctica.
Q:
The American Anthropological Association's current Code of Ethics has worked well in situations of violence and political danger.
Q:
Race is an important social fact but the big differences among human beings are the result of culture.
Q:
Homo heidelbergensis appeared betweena. 2 and 1 million years ago. b. 1 million and 10,000 years ago. c. 800,000 and 500,000 years ago.d. 400,000 and 10,000 years ago.
Q:
All human beings belong to a discrete number of races.
Q:
The hominin H. heidelbergensis represents
a. a sister group of H. habilis.
b. a species found only in Asia.
c. archaic H. sapiens of the early Middle Pleistocene.
d. a hominin believed to have become extinct about 100,000 years ago.
Q:
Anthropologists have never discovered a valid and consistent way of dividing humanity into a fixed number of races.
Q:
Cultural relativism is the perceptual bias that prevents us from seeing the logic in other cultures.
Q:
Ethnocentrism is always bad.
Q:
All humans live in cultures.
Q:
Medical anthropologists work in other cultures but are rarely focused on healthcare in the United States.
Q:
Which of these is the most widely supported explanation for the small body size and mixture of primitive and derived traits of Homo floresiensis?
a. H. floresiensis is a result of evolutionary dwarfism.
b. H. floresiensis had microcephaly.
c. H. floresiensis had an ancestor older than Homo erectus.
d. H. floresiensis is a hoax.
Q:
Applied anthropologists are usually trained in one of the four primary subdisciplines.
Q:
Homo erectus was shorter and stockier than Homo ergaster. This morphological difference most likely reflects
a. dietary differences.
b. different climatic adaptations.
c. differences in technological abilities.
d. nonadaptive random differences.
Q:
A study that analyzes culture using Western scientific theories is called an etic ethnography.
Q:
The Dmanisi hominins had the same ________ as modern humans.a. brain size b. body size c. limb proportionsd. growth patterns
Q:
Culture is human behavior that is genetically transmitted.
Q:
Homo erectus shares which of the following characteristics with Homo ergaster?
a. Cranial features such as the sagittal keel
b. The mode of tools made
c. Where it lived
d. When it lived
Q:
Archaeologists infer culture from material remains of past societies.
Q:
Evidence for meat eating by Homo ergaster includesa. vitamin A poisoning in the KNM-ER 1808 skeleton.b. controlled use of fire at Homo ergaster sites.c. carnivore tooth marks on their skeletons.d. preserved stomach contents in some skeletons.
Q:
Language is a human symbol system for communication, but it is not considered a means of cultural transmission.
Q:
The hominins of Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia, are associated witha. Oldowan tools. b. Acheulean tools. c. Levallois tools.d. Mousterian tools.
Q:
Because of the finds in Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia, paleoanthropologists know that hominins left Africa bya. 2.8 mya. b. 1.8 mya. c. 1.8 kya.d. 2,800 ya.
Q:
Humans' capacity for culture is based on our unique biology.
Q:
The projecting nose of Homo ergaster may have
a. increased their olfactory ability.
b. decreased the amount of oxygen available in each inhalation.
c. helped to prevent moisture loss.
d. altered the sound of their voices while using language.
Q:
Anthropologists only study contemporary, living peoples.
Q:
Evidence that Homo ergaster ate meat includes the fact that
a. their tools were well designed for chopping.
b. their teeth were well designed for shearing.
c. they lived in Africa.
d. Homo ergaster lived in areas where fruits and plant food were not always available.
Q:
The current un-contacted population of the world is probably around:
a. Zero.
b. 1,000.
c. 10,000.
d. 100,000.
e. 1,000,000.
Q:
What is hubris?
a. Excessive pride or confidence that leads to arrogance and insolence.
b. The belief that one's society is the most perfect currently existing society.
c. The belief that all cultures should be evaluated on their own merits rather than by a universal yardstick.
d. Feelings of insecurity and inferiority caused by rapid culture change.
e. The belief that working hard will inevitably lead to success.
Q:
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. There is no such thing as a cultural universal.
b. There are cultural universals, but there is no single explanation about how they developed.
c. Anthropologists believe that cultural universals exist because at one time there was a single human culture.
d. Periodically cultural universals occur, especially at points of evolution.
e. Human evolution could not occur without cultural universals.
Q:
Your textbook argues that multiculturalism:
a. Should be embraced by all Americans.
b. Should be resisted by all who fear the passing of the American Way of Life.
c. Is inevitable in an increasingly globalized world.
d. Exposes a fundamental truth about the nature of human societies and cultures.
e. Is dangerous to every culture but is also ultimately unstoppable.
Q:
During the late 20th century:
a. The United States has become an increasingly dominant force culturally and socially in the world.
b. Members of minority groups in the United States have moved to stronger economic and political positions.
c. The world has become more and more a domain of nationalist strongholds.
d. White, Protestant, Northern European males have begun to have more power and exert a more dominant force in national decision-making.
e. Immigrants are less connected with their homelands of origin, leaving them eager to assimilate into United States culture.
Q:
Your textbook argues that jobs for anthropologists are:
a. Far more plentiful than jobs for sociologists or English majors.
b. Easily available for those with a BA in the field.
c. About the same as those available to students in other Liberal Arts disciplines.
d. Expected to greatly increase in number in the next five to ten years.
e. Rare and generally only available to those with Masters degrees and PhDs.
Q:
Homo ergaster was the first hominin known to havea. evolved in Africa. b. used Oldowan tools. c. lived in Europe.d. eaten meat.
Q:
All of the following are ways that globalization has affected anthropology except:
a. Anthropologists have become increasingly more politically engaged with indigenous peoples.
b. Anthropologists have become more active in social action to defend minority populations.
c. Anthropologists today are more focused on studying relationships and exchanges between populations.
d. Studies today are more holistic and tend to focus on the particular and specific characteristics of the societies in which the anthropologist is researching.
e. Anthropologists frequently collaborate with those they study in order to better represent the culture and its changes.
Q:
Based on experiments, Acheulean stone tools were probably used
a. to dig for tubers.
b. to scrape bark from trees.
c. to butcher animals.
d. as projectiles in the hunt large animals ("killer Frisbees").
Q:
Acheulean stone tools were
a. varied randomly in size and shape.
b. more standardized than Oldowan tools.
c. probably used mainly for chopping.
d. a Mode 3 technology.
Q:
Within the discipline of anthropology, globalization has:
a. Decreased the need for anthropologists.
b. Tended to increase the political involvement of some anthropologists.
c. Enabled anthropologists to use technology to do fieldwork without leaving their offices.
d. Allowed anthropologists to become members of native cultures to a greater extent than before.
e. Made it easier for anthologists to publish their findings.
Q:
Anthropologist J. Christopher Kovats-Bernat argues that when an anthropologist pursues studies of "ethnography of violence," the anthropologist and informant must have what type of relationship between them?
a. Autonomy.
b. Self-preservation.
c. Respect.
d. Mutual advantage.
e. Mutual responsibility.
Q:
Homo ergaster used
a. Oldowan and Acheulean tools.
b. bone and wood tools but not stone tools.
c. Mousterian tools.
d. the earliest metal tools.
Q:
New international conditions have created problems and opportunities for anthropologists working in the field. What are some of the challenges that J. Christopher Kovats-Bernat associates with doing "ethnography of violence"?
a. There is often unstable political organization, difficult and dangerous physical conditions, and difficulties in making ethical decisions.
b. Informants do not want to work with the anthropologist because of lack of anonymity and the anthropologist cannot live in a central location.
c. Social conditions are difficult, the anthropologist faces challenges in breaking local laws, and newspapers will not publish personal interest stories.
d. It is difficult to study violence because it is infrequent and cannot be controlled. Also, the anthropologist frequently cannot get official permission to work in areas of violence.
e. Violence is a cultural concept and anthropologists find it difficult to define this term. The "ethnography of violence," according to Kovats-Bernat, is an ethnocentric concept.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true regarding the African range of Homo ergaster?
a. H. ergaster specialized in the woodland forests of East Africa.
b. By 1.8 mya, H. ergaster had extended its range to the most northern and southern parts of Africa.
c. H. ergaster could not colonize the high-altitude plateaus of Ethiopia or use the dry edges of the Rift Valley.
d. This species' range encompassed almost the entire continent, which means that it was adapted to a broad range of environmental conditions.
Q:
The openings in the vertebrae of Homo ergaster are
a. smaller than in modern humans.
b. larger than in modern humans.
c. the same size as in modern humans.
d. sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than in modern humans.
Q:
All of the following were considered the highest risk field dangers in a 1990 study of anthropologists except:
a. Tuberculosis.
b. Vehicle crashes.
c. Malaria.
d. Hepatitis.
Q:
How has anthropological fieldwork in non-Western areas most changed since the mid-1900s?
a. Today, anthropologists work among people who are very likely to read their works and comment on them.
b. Today, anthropologists work primarily in colonial areas, where the native population benefits from scientific study.
c. Today, anthropologists no longer seek permission to do fieldwork in isolated geographical areas.
d. Today, anthropologists serve in local governments and can return favors to populations who participate in their research.
e. Today, anthropologists no longer do long-term fieldwork as they did years ago.
Q:
Genetic studies indicate:
a. Individual differences are greater than the sum of differences between groups.
b. Racial differences can be substantiated genetically.
c. Traits such as skin color are reliable means of classifying people.
d. Race is a biological construct and is useful only in science.
e. It is possible to determine how closely two individuals are related based on observable features.
Q:
Studies of tooth enamel growth rate indicate that Homo ergaster
a. matured faster than australopiths.
b. matured at the same rate as australopiths.
c. did not have the long childhood of modern humans.
d. had the long childhood of modern humans.
Q:
Why is it difficult to determine which early hominin species may have invented the use of chipped stone tools?
Q:
Did early hominins live in home bases? Explain your answer.
Q:
Traits such as skin color, hair color and texture, and nose shape are often chosen to determine race because:
a. They are easily visible.
b. They are the most important to human cultures.
c. They determine physical attractiveness and hence mating behavior.
d. They have greater biological importance than other traits (regardless of their other cultural importance).
e. They occur in more consistent, predictable ways than other traits.
Q:
Biopsychological equality is the notion that:
a. Every person has equal intelligence.
b. All human groups have equal biological and mental capabilities.
c. From a biological and psychological perspective humans are, for all practical purposes, the same as other primates.
d. There should be political programs to assure equal rights of all people.
e. Human culture is rooted in human biology.
Q:
Were early hominins hunters or scavengers? Explain your answer.
Q:
In Anthropology, the concept of race:
a. Has been found to be inadequate for scientifically meaningful classification of humans.
b. Has great scientific utility but no political implication.
c. Is agreed on by both biological and cultural anthropologists to be very useful in analyzing human behavior.
d. Is outmoded as there are no patterned biological differences in the human species.
e. Is no different from racism.
Q:
What is the evidence that early hominins ate meat?
Q:
Compare the sexual division of labor in hunting in contemporary foragers. What are the reasons for such a division of labor?
Q:
When ethnocentrism becomes very marked and begins to target a specific ethnic group, it can lead to:
a. Bureaucratization.
b. Racism.
c. Cultural relativism.
d. Moral superiority.
Q:
Cultural relativism requires that:
a. All cultures be seen as equally good.
b. All cultures be seen as equally self-serving.
c. All cultures be measured against our own.
d. An individual must give up his/her culture in order to understand another culture.
e. Values and customs be understood in terms of the culture of which they are a part.
Q:
Why do anthropologists think hard-to-acquire food resources had such an effect on human evolution?
Q:
Explain how food sharing reduces the risk associated with hunting in contemporary foragers.
Q:
A positive value of ethnocentrism for a society is that it:
a. Decreases the chance of war.
b. Helps members of a society bond together as a social unit.
c. Increases an individual's ability to act independently of others.
d. Results in a higher standard of living because of an emphasis on progress.
e. Increases equality between males and females within a society.
Q:
How were the Oldowan tools manufactured? Why are they referred to as "Mode 1" tools? What does the manufacturing process tell us about the hominins who made them?
Q:
One critical difference between Western ethnocentrism and the ethnocentrism of many other peoples is:
a. Westerners are more ethnocentric than others.
b. Westerners are less ethnocentric than others.
c. Westerners have more often been in a position to impose their view of culture than have others.
d. Western notions of ethnocentrism include religious superiority while others did not.
e. Western notions of ethnocentrism were justified while others were not.
Q:
Ethnocentrism is the tendency for:
a. Every society to view itself as superior to others.
b. Every society to want to exploit the wealth of other societies.
c. Every individual to consider him/herself the equal of others.
d. Every individual to want to see another's point of view.
e. Every society to value the group above the individual.
Q:
What are the elements of Mode 1, or Oldowan, stone industries, and what do we know about their use?
Q:
Which of the following best illustrates why applied anthropology is important today?
a. It helps us understand which cultures are superior.
b. It contributes to our understanding of the evolution of human beings.
c. It provides new forms of technology and new ways of coordinating populations.
d. It creates the basis for world peace.
e. It opens up new perspectives and insights in understanding our human differences.
Q:
Indigenous peoples involve all of the following except:
a. Members of a society that have occupied a region for a long time.
b. Members of groups recognized as original inhabitants.
c. Members of any group who dress as indigenous peoples and participate in native pow-wows.
d. Members of a group that is recognized as very ancient to a region.
e. Members of a group that continues to live in a traditional manner.
Q:
Which of the following statements about food acquisition is NOT true?
a. Contemporary human foragers sometimes share meat.
b. Chimpanzees spend most of their time feeding on extracted and hunted foods.
c. Evidence suggests that the Oldowan hominins were neither hunters nor scavengers.
d. Juveniles in contemporary human foraging groups are responsible for finding their own food each day.