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Anthropology
Q:
Anthropologists generally agree that they should defend Western notions of human rights.
Q:
Bone, antler, and teeth are known to have been used to construct which types of tools?a. Acheulean b. Mousterian c. Oldowand. Upper Paleolithic
Q:
The Human Terrain Systems was a successful project that allowed anthropologists to work alongside soldiers during war so that cultural sensitivity in the ranks could be maintained.
Q:
Anthropologists working for government and industry often conduct secret research and this poses no ethical challenges to the discipline.
Q:
Blades are classified in what kind of tool kits?a. Mode 2 b. Mode 3 c. Mode 4d. Mode 5
Q:
The fact that humans lived in Australia by 40 kya suggests that
a. they were capable of walking very long distances.
b. they migrated there from Europe.
c. glaciers extended into the Southern Hemisphere.
d. they were capable of building boats.
Q:
Project Camelot was a great example of collaborative success between anthropology and the U.S. military.
Q:
The tools found in Australia are classified as which type of tools?a. Mousterian b. Oldowan c. Upper Paleolithicd. Middle Stone Age
Q:
Which of the following is an example of behavior almost totally unique to modern humans?a. Tool use b. Art c. Living in Europed. Living in a social group
Q:
The most important ethical responsibility in anthropological fieldwork is to protect the interests of the people whom you are studying.
Q:
The hallmarks of modern human behavior are partly due to cognitive ability and partly due to what other characteristic?
a. Our large ability to transmit information and learn
b. Our large brain
c. Our large geographic range
d. Our large body size
Q:
Engaged anthropologists refrain from choosing sides in political contests.
Q:
Postmodernism has been accepted now by all anthropologists.
Q:
Upper Paleolithic peoples were the first to manufacturea. blade tools. b. hand axes. c. choppers.d. flakes.
Q:
Phillip Bourgois' work with the homeless and drug addicts in San Francisco has led to a better understanding of issues of economic change, cultural structures, and the effects on individual lives.
Q:
Once Franz Boas began teaching women and producing female PhDs, the bias against women in anthropology began to diminish rapidly.
Q:
Upper Paleolithic peoples
a. constructed shelters of mammoth bone and hide.
b. did not have fire.
c. did not have clothing.
d. built the first permanent dwellings.
Q:
Differences between Upper Paleolithic peoples and Neanderthals include the fact that Upper Paleolithic peoples
a. lived shorter life spans than Neanderthals.
b. lived at lower densities than Neanderthals.
c. were less likely to suffer injuries than Neanderthals.
d. were more dependent upon hunting for sustenance.
Q:
Among the differences between Upper Paleolithic peoples and Neanderthals are that Upper Paleolithic peoples
a. had shorter life spans than Neanderthals.
b. lived at higher densities than Neanderthals.
c. were more likely to suffer injuries than Neanderthals.
d. lived over a much smaller geographical region than Neanderthals.
Q:
The HRAF is an attempt to facilitate cross cultural analysis.
Q:
Cross-cultural comparisons began formally in social science with the publication of Herbert Spencer's Descriptive Sociology.
Q:
Most anthropological data comes in the form of extensive field notes, audio recordings, and photographs.
Q:
Upper Paleolithic people
a. had a subsistence economy similar to that of the Neanderthals but hunted a wider range of animals.
b. had a subsistence economy totally different and more advanced than that of the Neanderthals.
c. hunted a much narrower range of animals than Neanderthals.
d. had a subsistence economy similar to that of Neanderthals but without the use of animal resources.
Q:
Upper Paleolithic people were the first to
a. make tools from stone and bamboo.
b. regularly create art and ornamentation, perform ritual burials, and practice other forms of symbolic expression.
c. live in caves.
d. migrate out of Africa.
Q:
Upper Paleolithic tools
a. are like Middle Paleolithic tools but date to a later time period.
b. were almost indistinguishable across broad geographic areas.
c. took more time to make and are more standardized compared with earlier technologies.
d. are also known as Acheulean.
Q:
Allison Truitt's work on motorcycles in Vietnam had no formal research hypothesis.
Q:
It is common for anthropologists to feel confused and disoriented when they first arrive to their field sites.
Q:
Anthropologists rarely work with groups of more than 50 individuals.
Q:
Upper Paleolithic technology included
a. the introduction of hand axes and chopper tools.
b. the introduction of Levallois flake technology.
c. the introduction of blade technology and new raw materials such as bone.
d. the first use of fire to cook food.
Q:
The earliest Australians are associated witha. Acheulean tools. b. sites dated to 75,000 years ago. c. ceremonial burials and cremations.d. Homo floresiensis.
Q:
Bronislaw Malinowski spent only 6 months on the Trobriand Islands.
Q:
Modern people probably first entered Australiaa. more than 100,000 years ago. b. 40,000 years ago or a bit earlier. c. a bit less than 5,000 years ago.d. 500 years ago.
Q:
In the Middle East, anatomically modern humans
a. experienced the human revolution earlier than other anatomically modern humans.
b. killed off the Neanderthals.
c. existed for 50,000 years without using tools typical of the human revolution.
d. migrated back to Africa.
Q:
In the late 19th century, Haddon led a team of scientists to do research on the Torres Straits. This lay the basis for anthropology in the United States.
Q:
During the human Cultural Revolution, innovations includeda. the beginnings of agriculture. b. decoration and art. c. democracy.d. the first use of fire to cook food.
Q:
Today, virtually all anthropologists rely on Boas' basic and fundamental insights into the discipline.
Q:
Franz Boas spent most of his professional career at the University of Berlin in Germany.
Q:
During the human Cultural Revolution, innovations includeda. construction of elaborate shelters. b. living in caves. c. Mode 3 technology.d. independent problem solving.
Q:
During the human Cultural Revolution, innovations included
a. the exclusive use of stones for tools.
b. the exclusive use of animal material for tools.
c. local use of raw materials.
d. long-distance transportation of raw materials.
Q:
Imagine you are a paleoanthropologist. You have found a fossil that dates to 45 kya in Europe, and it has a cranial capacity of 1,400 cc and a chin and is associated with Aurignacian tools. How would you classify this specimen?a. Homo ergaster b. Homo heidelbergensis c. Homo sapiensd. Homo neanderthalensis
Q:
The gathering and interpretation of information based on intensive, firsthand study is called ethnography.
Q:
Anthropologists and activists have argued that female genital operations are all of the following except:
a. Are grave violations of human rights.
b. Are affirmations of the value of women.
c. Should be legal in European nations.
d. Should be banned in European nations.
e. Should not be studied because they are not important.
Q:
In anthropology, the issue of human rights:
a. Is not relevant, because anthropologists believe in cultural relativism.
b. Can be difficult, as different cultures define rights differently.
c. Is at the forefront of doing anthropological research, as researchers are not allowed to work in countries where there is warfare.
d. Is not important, because there are no inalienable human rights.
e. Prevents anthropologists from doing research overseas.
Q:
Imagine you are a paleoanthropologist. You have found a fossil that dates to 190 kya in Africa, and it has a high, rounded skull, a cranial capacity of 1,400 cc, and long, thin femora (thigh bones). How would you classify this specimen?a. Homo ergaster b. Homo heidelbergensis c. Homo sapiensd. Homo neanderthalensis
Q:
Imagine you are a paleoanthropologist. You have found a fossil that dates to 150 kya in Africa and it has a chin. How would you classify this specimen?a. Homo ergaster b. Homo heidelbergensis c. Homo neanderthalensisd. Homo sapiens
Q:
The postcranial skeleton of modern humans
a. is more robust than Neanderthal skeletons.
b. includes heavily built hands.
c. is characterized by long limbs with thin-walled bones.
d. has a larger crural index.
Q:
All of the following are ethical concerns raised by anthropologists who work in military projects such as Human Terrain Systems (HTS) except:
a. Inability to obtain informed consent.
b. Inability to keep the confidentiality of informants.
c. Secretive nature of so much of the research data.
d. Safety of informants.
e. Inability to pay the informants adequately.
Q:
For the academic community, a critical problem with secret research is:
a. It may endanger the lives of the anthropologists who pursue it.
b. The scientific community has no way to assess its validity.
c. It is almost always used for illegal or immoral purposes.
d. It is unlikely to provide benefits to either anthropologists or the people who are the subjects of such research.
e. It can rarely be used to support the tenure and promotion of anthropology professors.
Q:
Modern human cranial capacity is usually at leasta. 900 cc. b. 1,000 cc. c. 1,350 cc.d. 750 cc.
Q:
Informed consent involves all of the following except:
a. Anthropologists must be involved in a dynamic discussion with participants in order to explain the significance of informed consent.
b. Individuals should understand the risks and benefits inherent in the research.
c. Participants must sign a witnessed contract with the anthropologist indicating that they approve of the research study.
d. Participants must understand how the research data is likely to affect them.
e. Individuals must be free to decide if they want to participate.
Q:
What is the name of the organization that maintains a statement of ethical guidelines for anthropologists?
a. Association for American Anthropologists.
b. American Anthropological Institute.
c. American Anthropological Association.
d. Anthropological Ethics Institute.
e. American Association of Anthropologists.
Q:
Modern human skulls are characterized bya. an angled occipital. b. a low, retreating forehead. c. a small nasal aperture (nose).d. robust postcranial bones.
Q:
Derived features of anatomically modern humans included
a. thicker bones.
b. a rounded skull.
c. lack of a mental eminence (no chin).
d. shorter stature across the entire species.
Q:
Derived features of anatomically modern humans included
a. a more procumbent face than that of Neanderthals.
b. a wide nasal aperture.
c. a larger brain.
d. a protruding chin.
Q:
The attitude toward magic and ritual among the Nacirema indicates that:
a. Technologically advanced societies do not use magic and ritual.
b. Too much magic and ritual will destroy a society.
c. Magic and ritual can be found in a wide variety of cultures.
d. North American society contains very little magic and ritual.
e. Only the weakest individuals in a society are likely to make use of magic and ritual.
Q:
The most likely explanation for the evolution of modern human behavior is that
a. the components of modern human behavior and technology gradually evolved in Africa along with modern human morphology over a period of about 200,000 years.
b. there was a human revolution in Asia 45,000 years ago.
c. what seems like a revolutionary change in Europe simply reflects the migration of modern people from Asia to Europe.
d. modern human behavior arose 12,000 years ago with the advent of Mode 4 tool industries.
Q:
A major point of the ethnography "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is to:
a. Show how foolish people's rituals are.
b. Help us look at our own culture from a different perspective.
c. Promote practices of preventive medicine.
d. Increase our respect for primitive cultures.
e. Put a little laughter into our dreary lives.
Q:
The so-called human revolution in culture is said to have occurred abouta. 200,000 years ago. b. 60,000 years ago. c. 4,000 years ago.d. 1,000 years ago.
Q:
Modern humans are thought to have migrated beyond Africa and spread throughout the world abouta. 100 kya. b. 75 kya. c. 60 kya.d. 25 kya.
Q:
Anatomically modern humans appeared betweena. 2,000 and 1,000 years ago. b. 20,000 and 10,000 years ago. c. 200,000 and 90,000 years ago.d. 2 million and 1 million years ago.
Q:
Homo ergaster
a. made Mode 1 technology only.
b. developed more slowly than the australopithecines, but more rapidly than modern humans.
c. had an apelike postcrania with longer arms than legs.
d. lived in shelters made from various materials such as adobe.
Q:
Delmos Jones' study of voluntary organizations among an African-American community in the United States showed him that:
a. No one worked consistently for the organizations unless they were paid for their work.
b. Voluntary organizations are highly successful when founded by minority leaders.
c. His work as a native anthropologist was at the center of the success the African-American community experienced in cultural identity.
d. There was considerable dissent between leadership of the organizations and the members.
e. Native anthropology has little or no value in the discipline.
Q:
Which of the following was primarily known as a native anthropologist?
a. Zora Neale Hurston
b. Franz Boas
c. Bronislaw Malinowski
d. Vincent Lyon-Callo
e. James Spradley
Q:
Homo ergaster males werea. twice as large as females. b. 20% to 30% larger than females. c. about the same size as females.d. smaller than females.
Q:
Average Homo ergaster brain size wasa. 500 cc. b. 800 cc. c. 1,500 cc.d. 2,000 cc.
Q:
Vincent Lyon-Callo's work with homeless people stresses:
a. The structural causes of homelessness.
b. Incorrect beliefs about the homeless among members of the middle class.
c. The stories and life histories of homeless people.
d. The techniques the homeless use to survive in urban areas.
e. Drug and alcohol use among homeless.
Q:
Vincent Lyon-Callo works with homeless people. His style of anthropology is best described as:
a. Symbolic and interpretive.
b. Functionalism.
c. Psychological.
d. Engaged.
e. Ecological.
Q:
A derived feature of Homo ergaster not shared with modern humans isa. occipital torus. b. smaller jaws and teeth. c. a broad, flat face.d. less prognathism.
Q:
You Owe Yourself a Drunk (1970) by James Spradley is an example of a(n) __________ ethnography.
a. Critical
b. Postmodernist
c. Collaborative and engaged
d. Ethnological
e. Reflectionist
Q:
Homo ergaster possessed many derived features shared by modern humans, includinga. a taller skull. b. larger teeth. c. no chin.d. small, gracile muscles.
Q:
A primitive trait of Homo ergaster is
a. large browridges.
b. a small brain.
c. a vestibular system similar to that of quadrupedal primates.
d. short legs, long arms, and curved fingers.
Q:
Anthropologists have become more sensitive to issues of voice and of power and have begun to reflect more critically on their role as observer in another culture primarily as a result of:
a. Reflectionist ethnology.
b. Franz Boas.
c. Feminist anthropology.
d. Collaborative ethnography.
e. Postmodernism.
Q:
Which theoretical approach argues that no knowledge is objective and all knowledge is influenced by the observer's own culture, social position, and gender?
a. Native anthropology.
b. Feminist anthropology.
c. Postmodernism.
d. Transcendental ethnography.
e. Collaborative ethnography.
Q:
Homo ergaster possessed some primitive characteristics of earlier hominids, includinga. a chin. b. a high forehead. c. large browridges.d. postorbital constriction.
Q:
Homo ergastera. may not have had spoken language. b. could walk but not run. c. was very lean.d. was highly sexually dimorphic.
Q:
What is the "gray zone" that Philippe Bourgois describes in his work among the homeless and drug addicts in San Francisco?
a. It is a geographical area in which drug exchanges take place.
b. It is a term used to refer to homeless shelters and parks where these individuals interact.
c. It is a morally ambiguous space that blurs the lines between victims and perpetrators.
d. It is a term used to describe under-employment because it leads to the destruction of their lives.
e. It is a judicial term to describe exchanges that are morally wrong, but not illegal.
Q:
Which sentence best describes the primary anthropological value of research among the homeless and drug addicts, such as that produced by Philippe Bourgois?
a. This research provides accurate information that can help the lives of these individuals by providing more effective recovery programs.
b. The commercial success of research such as this raises awareness of the plight of these individuals and can provide a great deal of money to improve their communities.
c. This research allows families to identify and reconnect with their loved ones and intervene to help them.
d. Through research such as this, the United States is able to provide much more foreign aid to countries that provide the drugs to these addicts.
e. By providing accurate information, research such as this allows us to chronicle the problems with state societies and new models for the future.
Q:
During interglacial periods of the early Middle Pleistocene,
a. the world was drier.
b. temperatures were cooler.
c. glaciers covered Europe and North America.
d. animals moved from Africa to Eurasia.
Q:
Why did anthropology pay little attention to women prior to the 1970s? All of the following are correct except:
a. Anthropologists assumed that men's activities were political and more important than women's activities, which were domestic.
b. Many anthropologists assumed that men represented women as well and there was no need to study these as separate genders.
c. The majority of practicing anthropologists was male and had little access to working with women in other societies.
d. Anthropologists were all male and there were no women available to study other women.
e. Men's roles were much more public and were more easily studied.
Q:
The Human Relations Area Files:
a. Does not allow for cross-cultural comparison.
b. Represents multiple researchers using a single perspective.
c. Involves multiple perspectives and indexed data.
d. Is no longer active today.
e. Is not available in computer searchable formats.