Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Anthropology
Q:
Environmental variation refers to
a. differences between individuals caused by environmental factors.
b. traits that are caused by the environment, not by genes.
c. traits that are caused by genes, not by the environment.
d. both a and b.
Q:
Some anthropologists argue that football is so popular in America because:
a. It is more violent than other sports.
b. It is easier to show commercials during football games than during other sorts of sports.
c. People are willing to pay more money for football tickets than for those of other sports.
d. It manipulates dangerous and controversial themes in American culture.
e. Members of the team are more equal in football than in other sports.
Q:
Anthropologists study symbols because:
a. They can represent an entire constellation of ideas and emotions.
b. They only hold meaning when in tactile form, such as a flag.
c. They have single, unique meanings that are easily learned.
d. They reflect the concerns of particular individuals in culture.
e. They are highly complex and members of a culture are unable to understand them without help from anthropologists
Q:
Scientists conventionally divide human variation into which two components?a. Genetic and cultural b. Cultural and environmental c. Genetic and environmentald. Cultural and phenotypic
Q:
Variation refers to
a. differences between individuals or populations of individuals.
b. only genetic differences between individuals or populations of individuals.
c. only environmental differences between individuals or populations of individuals.
d. only cultural differences between individuals or populations of individuals.
Q:
All of the following are characteristics of cultural symbols except:
a. They contain condensed meanings.
b. They are used to create meaning.
c. They can be both objects and ideas.
d. They are used to store information.
e. They are easily defined.
Q:
Structural anthropology is largely concerned with:
a. The ways in which people build houses and public buildings.
b. The ways that biology and culture interact.
c. The ways in which different parts of a single culture affect each other.
d. The ways in which members of different cultures classify and understand their environments.
e. Underlying patterns of thought common to all humanity.
Q:
Why do some researchers feel that there was not a human revolution at all?
Q:
Ethnobotany is:
a. The study of the way members of different cultures classify plants.
b. The study of the dietary habits of members of different cultures.
c. The use of words from other languages to describe plants in North American forests.
d. The method that anthropologists use to discover what is edible in any culture.
e. The study of the way members of different cultures understand health, sickness, and healing.
Q:
Why do geneticists think that there was some, albeit limited, interbreeding between Neanderthals and early modern humans?
Q:
Who is mitochondrial Eve? Did all humans evolve from mitochondrial Eve? Why or why not?
Q:
Anthropologists who are interested in the ways in which people in different cultures classify their world often use a theory called:
a. Structuralism.
b. Interpretive anthropology.
c. Ethnoscience.
d. Functionalism.
e. Sociobiology.
Q:
How does the archaeological evidence support the hypothesis that modern humans arose in Africa?
Q:
An anthropological perspective that focuses on culture as the principal force in shaping the typical personality of a society is called:
a. Sociobiology.
b. Culture and personality theory.
c. Personification theory.
d. Structuralism.
e. Symbolic anthropology.
Q:
All of the following are characteristics that are emphasized in Inuit enculturation except:
a. Violence.
b. Cooperation.
c. Emotional restraint.
d. Physical acuity.
e. Independence.
Q:
Which of the following best defines the concept of enculturation?
a. It is the process of being born and raised within a human society.
b. It is a ritual in which the individual is formally introduced to society.
c. It is the process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group.
d. It is the outcome of two cultures coming into contact and adapting to each other.
e. It is the sum of all behaviors that an individual learns in childhood.
Q:
How does the fossil evidence support the hypothesis that modern humans arose in Africa?
Q:
What are the two main theories about the origin of modern humans?
Q:
Can tools be used to track the evolution of cultural and/or behavioral complexity in the Upper Paleolithic? If so, how?
Q:
Anthropologists consider that the concept of humanness and the recognition of human status is:
a. A biological designation.
b. A sociological achievement.
c. A cultural designation.
d. Patterned and integrated throughout cultures.
e. A cultural universal.
Q:
In which society are some children believed to be born chichuru (spirit children) if they have physical abnormalities?
a. Western Brazil.
b. Northeastern Ghana.
c. Northern Africa.
d. Eastern South America.
e. Southwestern Europe.
Q:
In what ways was the transition to Upper Paleolithic technology and lifeways a result of biological change? In what ways was it a matter of cultural change?
Q:
Social birth refers to:
a. The biological act of giving birth through social ritual.
b. The ceremonial transition from childhood to adolescence.
c. The spiritual awakening of an individual through the completion of his or her designated rite of passage.
d. The point where a person is considered a human being and a member of human society.
e. The event where women collectively give birth in a social setting.
Q:
How are modern humans different morphologically from earlier species of hominins?
Q:
Middle Stone Age (MSA) behavior may not have been as primitive as some anthropologists posit. Which of the following evidence supports this statement?
a. Anthropologists have found shell beads colored with ocher.
b. Anthropologists have found that MSA people did not transport materials over long distances.
c. Anthropologists have found that the only tools MSA people used were microliths.
d. Anthropologists have found that MSA people did not process tools before they manufactured them.
Q:
The theory of sociobiology views a culture as:
a. The visible expression of genetic coding.
b. As a way for members of society to understand who they are.
c. The mechanism that drives individuality and self-expression.
d. The result of little other than its own history.
e. A result of the sum total of personalities that makes it up.
Q:
Theoretical perspective is critical in anthropology because:
a. Theory does not tolerate diverse opinions.
b. It allows us to explore different perspectives.
c. Anthropology must be similar to other sciences.
d. Not every researcher is capable of understanding culture.
e. Anthropology is a democratic science.
Q:
If there was a human revolution, it may have been caused by a
a. cognitive adaptation such as a mutation that allowed fully modern speech.
b. population of modern humans from Africa replacing Eurasian ones.
c. hybridization of modern humans with Eurasian humans.
d. period of climate stability.
Q:
Anthropologists consider that all of the following are characteristics of culture except:
a. Practiced by as few as one individual.
b. Patterned and integrated.
c. In some way adaptive.
d. Made up of learned behaviors.
e. Involving symbols.
Q:
Which tool industry indicates that Neanderthals may have tried to copy modern human tools?a. Aurignacian b. Mousterian c. Solutreand. Chtelperronian
Q:
What was the most likely result of any interaction between Neanderthals and modern humans?
a. Neanderthals waged war on modern humans.
b. Neanderthals succumbed to modern humans' superior weapons.
c. Neanderthals were outcompeted and replaced by modern humans.
d. Neanderthals and humans did not have any opportunity to interact.
Q:
One of the earliest definitions of human culture is that "complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society." Who introduced this definition?
a. Margaret Mead.
b. Pierre Bourdieu.
c. Sir Edward Tylor.
d. Franz Boas.
e. Bronislaw Malinowski.
Q:
A child raised outside of human society and culture would be:
a. Entirely normal except for a lack of language.
b. Rapidly able to participate in normal culture once allowed a chance.
c. Innocent, unable to lie, cheat, or dissemble.
d. Craftier, more logical, and more violent than a cultured individual.
e. Completely unable to understand culture.
Q:
The fossil evidence suggests that modern humans evolved ina. Africa. b. Northern Asia. c. Southern Asia.d. Europe.
Q:
Pierre Bourdieu coined the term habitus to mean:
a. Behavior that is acquired through individual and social experience.
b. Actions that are repeated within sacred rituals.
c. Places where humans reside.
d. Excess material goods that are discarded.
e. Modes of experience that individuals create without tradition.
Q:
The genetic data indicate that modern humans and Neanderthals
a. are more closely related to each other than either is to the Denisovan hominins.
b. must have never interbred.
c. may have interbred to a limited degree.
d. are represented by contemporary Papua New Guineans.
Q:
According to the genetic data, after modern humans left Africa they migrated first to which geographic area?a. Europe b. The Pacific c. Northern Asiad. Southern Asia
Q:
What is FGO, and why is it important in anthropology?
Q:
mtDNA evidence supports the idea that modern humans arose ina. Africa. b. Asia. c. Europe.d. India.
Q:
Today, how have ethnographers' roles changed in the field?
Q:
What was "Project Camelot"?
Q:
The low levels of genetic variation in contemporary human populations are likely due to the fact that contemporary humans
a. all come from a single female ancestor, the mitochondrial Eve.
b. all come from a single male ancestor, Adam.
c. arose from a very small population.
d. arose from a very large population.
Q:
mtDNA extracted from several Neanderthals indicates that the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans lived abouta. 400-800 kya. b. 1.2 mya. c. 90-200 kya.d. 20 kya.
Q:
Modern ________ populations are genetically more variable than other populations.a. American b. Asian c. Africand. European
Q:
Why is informed consent an important part of doing ethical research?
Q:
What are the ethical responsibilities for anthropologists in the field?
Q:
Genetic evidence indicates that humans underwent a ________ between 90,000 and 200,000 years ago, which is why the human species is less genetically variable than are other species.a. geographic expansion b. bottleneck c. geologic catastrophed. cultural revolution
Q:
Artifacts and fossils from the site of Arcy-sur-Cure indicate that
a. Neanderthals and modern humans fought each other.
b. only modern humans lived there.
c. Neanderthals borrowed technology from modern humans.
d. Neanderthals killed off that population of modern humans.
Q:
What is a "native" anthropologist?
Q:
Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans in the Middle East
a. have an ancestor"descendant relationship.
b. lived side-by-side for thousands of years.
c. did not overlap in time.
d. are almost indistinguishable in their anatomy.
Q:
Genetic data from fossils and living groups of people tell us that
a. modern humans evolved in Africa between 200 and 400 kya and all modern humans outside of Africa are descended from an African population.
b. one small population of modern people left East Africa about 60 kya and first traveled along the southern coast of Asia and then into Eurasia.
c. there was extensive interbreeding between modern human populations and other hominins that lived in Eurasia, such as the Neanderthals.
d. modern humans migrated out of Africa to Europe first and then traveled east to Asia.
Q:
Data from Y chromosome studies
a. do not agree with the results of mtDNA studies.
b. support an Asian origin for modern humans.
c. indicate that African populations are older than populations in other parts of the world.
d. indicate that African populations are younger than populations in other parts of the world.
Q:
Variation in mtDNA among modern humans suggests that
a. we are all descended from a single man, or "Adam."
b. we are more genetically variable compared with other species, such as chimpanzees.
c. humans underwent a recent population collapse.
d. all of our mtDNA comes from a woman who lived long ago.
Q:
Who are the Nacirema, and why is this study important in anthropology?
Q:
Variation in mtDNA among modern humans suggests that
a. all of our DNA (nuclear and mtDNA) comes from a woman who lived about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago.
b. we are not as genetically variable as other species, such as chimpanzees.
c. modern humans evolved in Asia.
d. we are descended from Neanderthals in Africa.
Q:
Name at least 3 challenges associated with collaborative ethnography.
Q:
mtDNA is inherited
a. from the father.
b. from the mother.
c. from both the father and the mother.
d. mostly from the father, but some from the mother.
Q:
What changes did postmodernism bring to anthropological fieldwork?
Q:
The mtDNA and Y chromosome evidence favorsa. the viewpoint that modern humans evolved in areas of the Old World.b. the viewpoint that modern humans evolved in Africa.c. the viewpoint that African populations of modern humans interbred with archaic populations in Europe and Asia.d. the viewpoint that modern humans are descended from a single pair of individuals like Adam and Eve.
Q:
What are the primary reasons that anthropological research has had such a bias against women during its history?
Q:
Evidence in favor of the viewpoint that modern humans evolved in Africa includes the fact that ________ lived side-by-side.
a. in Asia Homo erectus and modern humans
b. in the Middle East Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans
c. in Africa Homo ergaster and modern humans
d. in Australia Homo erectus and modern humans
Q:
What is the "gray zone" that Philippe Bourgopis describes as part of his work with the homeless and drug addicts in San Francisco?
Q:
The Herto skulls
a. are intermediate between those of modern humans and African Homo heidelbergensis.
b. are indistinguishable from skulls of modern Africans.
c. are Neanderthal-like in their characteristics.
d. are so variable that they cannot be compared with other fossils.
Q:
What are two criticisms associated with the Human Relations Area Files database?
Q:
Compare and contrast the emic and etic perspectives. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?
Q:
The oldest anatomically modern human fossils are found in
a. caves in the Middle East.
b. Omo Kibish, in southern Ethiopia, Africa.
c. Southeast Asia.
d. Southern Australia.
Q:
The viewpoint that modern humans evolved in Africa proposes that
a. all modern humans evolved in Europe or the Near East.
b. Neanderthals became extinct.
c. Asian Homo erectus evolved into anatomically modern Asians.
d. Neanderthals evolved into modern humans.
Q:
The viewpoint that modern humans evolved in Africa proposes that
a. all modern humans evolved in Europe.
b. Asian Homo erectus became extinct.
c. African anatomically modern humans became extinct.
d. Asian Homo erectus gave rise to Asian modern humans.
Q:
How would you best describe culture shock?
Q:
What is an "IRB"?
Q:
The research of Bronislaw Malinowski focuses on the concept of __________.
Q:
The viewpoint that modern humans evolved in Africa proposes that
a. all modern humans evolved in Africa.
b. Asian Homo erectus mated with H. sapiens.
c. some modern humans evolved in Europe.
d. modern humans arose in Africa at least twice.
Q:
When sites and remains of Upper Paleolithic populations and Neanderthal populations are compared, a greater percentage of the Upper Paleolithic people's remains are from older individuals. This implies that
a. Neanderthals lived longer lives.
b. modern humans lived longer lives.
c. Neanderthals buried fewer of their dead than modern did humans.
d. modern humans buried fewer of their dead than did Neanderthals.
Q:
What is participant observation?
Q:
The fact that Upper Paleolithic people lived at higher population densities than Neanderthals is evidence of which of the following statements?
a. Upper Paleolithic people were able to obtain more food from their environment than Neanderthals.
b. Upper Paleolithic people lived in larger social groups than Neanderthals.
c. Upper Paleolithic people lived longer than Neanderthals.
d. Upper Paleolithic people ate better food than Neanderthals.
Q:
Boas' style of fieldwork was known as __________ __________.
Q:
What did early 19th century evolutionists mean by the concept of societies as "living fossils"?
Q:
Imagine you are an archaeologist working in the Czech Republic. You have found remains of a hearth within a large structure that appears to have been constructed with the bones of a woolly mammoth. Which hominin species is responsible for this site?a. Homo erectus. b. Neanderthals. c. Denisovans.d. Homo sapiens.
Q:
What was the main difference between modern human and Neanderthal subsistence strategies?
a. Neanderthals hunted more dangerous game.
b. Humans hunted a greater variety of prey species.
c. Neanderthals obtained more of their diet from plants.
d. Humans lived in colder climates and therefore ate more cold-adapted species.
Q:
What do anthropologists use as the basis for cross-cultural comparisons?