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Anthropology
Q:
Which are the most common types of preferential marriages?
a. Marriage with foreigners.
b. Marriage with cross cousins.
c. Marriage with siblings.
d. Marriage into an elder generation.
e. Marriage to mother's sisters' children.
Q:
In the United States, although there are no formal endogamous rules, social groups tend to be endogamous by:
a. Sex.
b. Race.
c. Hair color.
d. Nuclear family.
e. Extended family.
Q:
If you live in a society that practices exogamy, you must:
a. Have more than one husband or wife.
b. Get married (no one is allowed to be a single adult).
c. Marry someone of your own social group.
d. Marry someone of a different social group.
e. Marry someone chosen by your mother's parents.
Q:
A widely accepted function of the incest taboo is that it:
a. Helps families form wider alliances.
b. Prevents recessive genes from appearing in human populations.
c. Demonstrates our connections with other primate families.
d. Raises the intelligence level of the human species.
e. Is key to maintaining the species differences between humans and other primates.
Q:
Incest taboos universally apply to:
a. Members of the same village.
b. Mothers and sons.
c. First cousins.
d. Cross cousins but not parallel cousins.
Q:
One of the exceptions to the almost universal prohibition on brother/sister marriage was among:
a. The Toda of India.
b. The Tiwi of Australia.
c. The ancient Hawaiian royalty.
d. The Kipsigis of East Africa.
e. Medieval Europan Royalty.
Q:
In arranged marriages:
a. The wife's family never initiates the arrangement.
b. The couple always lives with the husband's family (patrilocal residence).
c. The woman is valued for her economic potential.
d. Both families lose face (social status) if they reject the marriage offer.
e. Marriage brokers are frequently used.
Q:
Which of the following practices is commonly found among the Navajo?
a. A woman's children are considered legitimate members of the matriclan whether or not she is married.
b. A man's children are considered legitimate only if he resides with the woman for more than one year.
c. Sexual activity is never permitted outside of marriage, and it is rare for children to be born outside of wedlock.
d. Children are believed to belong to the tribe itself and are not members of any nuclear family until they marry.
e. The patriclan of the tribe controls children and they are raised by the father's family.
Q:
Which of the following is the most important function of marriage?
a. Agreement between parties to maximize sexual competition.
b. Creation of a stable environment in which to raise children.
c. Arrangement between families for economic gains.
d. Accord between individuals so that they can obtain political status.
e. Ritual ordained by religion so that the church can endure.
Q:
A critical problem faced by the Na is:
a. Dealing with a culturally powerful Chinese government that disapproves of Na practices.
b. Continual food shortages.
c. The fact that children rarely know who their parents really are.
d. The fact that their marriage system is unnatural and therefore difficult to sustain.
e. Constant conflict between fathers who want rights to their children and mothers who deny fathers such rights.
Q:
Which of the following are Na men very unlikely to do?
a. Invite a lover to visit them in their homes.
b. Ride in motorized vehicles.
c. Have sex before they are 30.
d. Engage in agriculture.
e. Join the army.
Q:
What do the Na of China do during their "visits?"
a. Exchange gifts.
b. Go out for a meal.
c. Fight.
d. Make love.
e. Arrange marriages.
Q:
The Sudanese kinship system uses:
a. The same term for cousins on the mother's side and cousins on the father's side.
b. The same term for father and father's brother.
c. The same terms for brothers and sisters and cousins.
d. A different term for almost every category of relative.
e. The same term for father's brother and mother's brother.
Q:
Which kinship system is the matrilineal equivalent of the Omaha system?
a. Hawaiian.
b. Iroquois.
c. Eskimo.
d. Sudanese.
e. Crow.
Q:
Parallel cousins are found in the Iroquois system of kinship and are defined as:
a. Mother's sisters' children or father's brothers' children.
b. Mother's brothers' children or father's sisters' children.
c. Mother's brothers' children or father's brothers' children.
d. Mother's sisters' children or father's sisters' children.
e. Cousins that are descended from the same ancestor.
Q:
One aspect of Omaha kinship that might strike many Americans as unusual is:
a. Everyone is called by the same name.
b. A male can be called "mother."
c. Brothers are not distinguished from sisters.
d. The term "myself" can mean either the person speaking, or one of his or her brothers or sisters.
e. People in many generations may be called "mother's brother."
Q:
The kinship classification systems that emphasize the importance of the unilineal kin group are:
a. The Eskimo, the Omaha, and the Hawaiian.
b. The Sudanese and the Crow.
c. The Iroquois and the Hawaiian.
d. The Crow, the Omaha, and the Iroquois.
e. The Sudanese and the Eskimo.
Q:
Consanguine refers to kin that is:
a. Related by marriage.
b. Related by remarriage.
c. Related by matrilineal lines only.
d. Related by matrilineal lines only.
e. Related by blood.
Q:
The kinship system of the United States is most similar to that of:
a. The Eskimo.
b. The Yanomamo.
c. The Hawaiian.
d. The Hopi.
e. The Omaha.
Q:
A critical factor that makes Northern Indian kinship terminology difficult for Americans is:
a. The use of different terms for kin from the mother's side and father's side of the family.
b. The fact that all older males within one's family are called father.
c. The fact that women are only rarely allowed to use a kin name when addressing members of her own family.
d. The fact that the same individual may be called by as many as three different kin names on different occasions.
e. The fact that some people that are much younger than you, must be called father or mother.
Q:
All of the following are expressed in the American kinship terminology except:
a. Generation.
b. Collaterality.
c. Gender.
d. Bifurcation.
e. Affinal kinship.
Q:
The system used for classifying kin in the United States includes distinctions based on:
a. Generation, relative age, and collaterality.
b. Sex of linking relative, bifurcation, and generation.
c. Generation, consanguineal versus affinal kin, and sex of linking relative.
d. Bifurcation, relative age, and generation.
e. Consanguineal versus affinal kin, gender, and generation.
Q:
In Northern India, relations on the wife's side:
a. Are accorded the same status as relations on the husband's side.
b. Are forbidden to speak with relations on the husband's side.
c. Are prohibited from having any contact with children from the marriage.
d. Are accorded lower status than relations on the husband's side.
e. Are required to joke with relations from the husband's side.
Q:
In Northern India, much of the underlying logic of the kinship system is based on all of the following except:
a. Relative age.
b. Hierarchy.
c. Flexibility.
d. Patrilineality.
e. Bifurcation.
Q:
An important kinship feature in a bilateral kinship system is:
a. Clan.
b. Matrilineage.
c. Patrilineage.
d. Phratry.
e. Kindred.
Q:
Bilateral kinship systems:
a. Are found in most foraging and industrial societies.
b. Are the most common kinship systems in tribes.
c. Exist only among hunters and gatherers.
d. Are found everywhere except in the United States and Europe.
e. Are the same as double descent systems.
Q:
A kinship system in which the establishment of rights and obligations is based on both maternal and paternal lines is called a:
a. Bilateral system.
b. Patrilineal system.
c. Clan system.
d. Lineage system.
e. Kindred system.
Q:
In Minangkabau culture, rice land that belongs to a matrihouse is controlled by:
a. The senior male.
b. The senior female.
c. The first born son.
d. The first born daughter.
e. The nuclear family unit.
Q:
When a daughter marries in Minangkabau society, where does she go to live?
a. Into her family's "big" house.
b. Into her husband's family's "big" house.
c. Into a new big house that she and her husband build.
d. Into her father's mother's house.
e. The newly married couple goes to live with her cross cousins.
Q:
In a system of double descent, as among the Yako of Nigeria:
a. Kinship is of no importance, and one can call on whichever individuals one wants for aid.
b. An individual belongs to the patrilineal group of the father and the matrilineal group of the mother.
c. Kinship is important, but there are no corporate kin groups.
d. Kinship is doubly important, because there are no other units of cooperation.
e. Each married couple makes a joint decision about whose kin they will live with.
Q:
In a matrilineal society:
a. There is no concern over who the child's biological father is.
b. Women occupy the politically important positions.
c. Inheritance and succession pass from the mother's brother to her son.
d. Men are afraid of women.
e. Marriages are extremely stable.
Q:
In general, where you find matrilineal descent groups, you also find:
a. Societies dependent on pastoralism.
b. Men do most of the housework.
c. Men go to live with their wife's family after marriage.
d. Women hold almost all of the public political roles.
e. A woman is likely to be married to more than one man.
Q:
In a society with matrilineal descent, the person with the most authority and responsibility for a woman and her child is her:
a. Brother.
b. Son.
c. Sister.
d. Father.
e. Husband.
Q:
The Nuer are a patrilineal society in which clans and lineages function as a type of political structure. This is called:
a. A segmentary lineage system.
b. A segmentary corporate system.
c. A unilineal political system.
d. A bilateral lineage system.
e. Political usufruct rights.
Q:
In a patrilineal society:
a. Inheritance and succession flow in the male line.
b. Men marry their female cross cousins.
c. Women have no rights.
d. Children avoid their relatives on their mother's side.
e. There is no Oedipal conflict.
Q:
One of the most important functions of the clan across cultures is to:
a. Regulate marriage.
b. Manage economic affairs of the family.
c. Preserve the environment by sacred identification.
d. Determine political positions.
e. Educate young people.
Q:
All of the following correctly express the differences between a lineage and a clan except:
a. Members of a lineage can trace their common ancestors, but members of a clan cannot.
b. Members of a lineage tend to live together or near each other, whereas members of a clan tend to be spread over different local communities.
c. Members of a lineage recognize a blood tie, whereas members of a clan do not.
d. Lineages have primarily domestic and economic functions, whereas clans more frequently have political and religious functions.
e. Lineages consist of fewer members than do clans.
Q:
Korean village women legally:
a. Have no right to their parents' property.
b. Have the right to a large cash settlement at marriage.
c. Cannot inherit any land if they have been given a large cash settlement at marriage.
d. Are entitled to an equal share of family property.
e. Are entitled to a share of family property equal to half that given to a male.
Q:
The reality of kinship relations in a Korean village described by Soo Choi emphasizes:
a. Kinship behavior closely follows kinship rules.
b. Brothers always ally with each other against sisters.
c. Ancestor worship is an empty ritual form.
d. Individuals manipulate kinship rules to gain advantage.
e. Women are unable to exploit kinship ties to their advantage.
Q:
Traditionally in Korean villages, the eldest son inherited most of his parents' property. In return, he was required to:
a. Educate his brothers and sisters at the university.
b. Worship his parents as ancestors after their death.
c. Sell the remaining property at the best price he could get.
d. Live in a lavish life style to bring prestige to his family.
e. Live in relative poverty, assuring that brothers and sisters were well cared for.
Q:
In classic anthropological descriptions of Korean villages, the focus in kinship has been on:
a. Patriarchal authority.
b. Matrilineal descent.
c. Sharing of property equally by brothers.
d. Dowry.
e. Importance of the mother's brother.
Q:
Corporate descent groups tend to exist in societies with:
a. Industrial economic systems.
b. Unilineal descent.
c. Kindreds.
d. High geographic mobility.
e. A complex social stratification system.
Q:
In a system of unilineal descent:
a. The grandfather is recognized as the only father.
b. Descent groups, which include relatives from both the father's and the mother's side, are formed.
c. A household is composed of a man, his wife, his sons, and their children.
d. A man is not allowed to marry his cousin.
e. An individual belongs to the descent group of either the mother or the father, but not both.
Q:
Which of the following is a distinction between unilineal and bilateral kinship systems?
a. Unilineal kinship systems involve tracking descent through both parents' lines.
b. In bilateral kinship systems, the kin groups do not overlap.
c. In unilineal kinship systems, the kin groups do not overlap.
d. In bilateral kinship systems, there are no cousins.
e. In unilineal kinship systems, there is no designated mother or father.
Q:
All of the following are basic functions of kinship except:
a. It reveals who is biologically related to whom.
b. It defines the members of society on which an individual can depend for help.
c. It sets up the transfer of property from one to another generation.
d. It sets up the succession within family as social positions are transferred across generations.
e. It serves as a way of structuring society.
Q:
A central function of kinship in almost every society is that it provides for:
a. The basis of government.
b. The transfer of property between generations.
c. Recruitment for jobs.
d. Loans of money.
e. The division of friends from enemies.
Q:
A correct conclusion from the chapter regarding kinship in modern, complex societies is that kinship:
a. Has no place in these societies.
b. Is more important than other forms of belonging, such as citizenship.
c. Is more important as a basis of social relationships than in more traditional societies.
d. Plays an important but not central role in establishing rights and relationships.
e. Is more important among the lower than the upper classes.
Q:
The ties on which kinship systems are based:
a. Are scientifically accurate reflections of biological ties.
b. Are culturally specified ties that rest on biological and conjugal relationships.
c. Are defined culturally and have no relationship at all to biological ties.
d. Are remembered only in societies that have developed writing.
e. Are understood only by members of a society.
Q:
Kinship is important to the study of anthropology because:
a. It explains political rights and obligations for all industrialized societies.
b. It determines the economic system of all societies.
c. It plays the key role in determining rights and obligations in nonindustrial societies.
d. It determines the foundation of all market economies in industrialized societies.
e. It is the only social institution present in foraging and tribal societies.
Q:
What is the current kinship preference policy in the United States for immigration?
Q:
Why do kinship systems use the metaphor of biology?
Q:
Which three kinship systems are found most commonly within unilineal societies?
Q:
Among what types of subsistence societies would we expect to find the Eskimo kinship system practiced?
Q:
Name the six primary forms of kinship that anthropologist recognize today.
Q:
What is collateral kin? Give an example.
Q:
How are parallel cousins different from cross cousins?
Q:
Name three principles of North Indian kinship that are not usually found in U.S. kinship.
Q:
Distinguish between bilateral and ambilineal descent.
Q:
What are the two forms of nonunilineal descent?
Q:
The Yako of Nigeria practice double descent. What are the different functions of the matriclans and patriclans among them?
Q:
How does the individual trace descent in a system of double descent?
Q:
Describe the relationship between a son and his father in a matrilineal society.
Q:
There are two fundamental ties recognized by every society. What are they?
Q:
What is a segmentary lineage system?
Q:
Contrast a lineage with a clan. Name at least 3 differences.
Q:
A group of kin who trace descent from a known common ancestor is called a __________.
Q:
What is the primary difference between systems of unilineal and bilateral descent?
Q:
Name three basic functions of kinship.
Q:
Distinguish between inheritance and succession.
Q:
The term transmigrant has been coined to refer to immigrants who cut ties with their home countries.
Q:
Sudanese is the most descriptive kinship system.
Q:
The great variety of systems of kinship indicates to us that kinship is not based simply on biological relations.
Q:
The Eskimo system singles out the biologically closest group of relations and treats more distant kin more or less equally.
Q:
In North India, the kinship system uses bifurcation.
Q:
Relatives by marriage are called consanguineal kin.
Q:
If a society classifies kin according to relative age, it would have different terms to designate older and younger brothers.
Q:
In India, social interaction with one's mother's parents is very different from that with one's father's parents.
Q:
There are more terms for kin in American society than in North Indian society.
Q:
Bilateral descent is also called double descent.
Q:
In Minangkabau culture, once a son gets married he no longer remains a kinsmen of his original matrihouse.