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Home » Anthropology » Page 122

Anthropology

Q: The grandfather of Charles Darwin, Erasmus, is associated with which of the following developments in evolutionary theory? A.He applied the concept of uniformitarianism to establish the concept of deep time. B.refuted the notion of fixity of species C.argued that all life on earth was the result of common ancestry D.proposed that overpopulation would inevitably lead to competition for resources E.applied the first successful taxonomic model to biological organisms

Q: Which of the following best describes Buffon's primary contribution to the development of evolutionary theory? A.recognition of the external environment as an agent of change in a species B.idea of transmutation C.the concept of descent from a common ancestor D.inheritance of acquired characteristics E.catastrophism

Q: The branch of science concerned with the rules of classifying organisms on the basis of evolutionary relationships is known as: A.paleoanthropology B.taxonomy C.biology D.ecology E.binomial nomenclature

Q: John Ray is associated with which important biological concept? A.the species B.inheritance of acquired characteristics C.common ancestry of all life D.binomial classification E.none of these

Q: The system of binomial nomenclature is credited to which of the following scientists? A.John Ray B.Charles Darwin C.Linnaeus D.Malthus E.Lyell

Q: Which of the following statements best describes the state of evolutionary theory prior to Darwin and Wallace? A.The notion of fixity of species was universally supported. B.The importance of environmental influences was recognized. C.The possibility for species to have gone extinct was unheard of. D.The idea that a species could change was acknowledged. E.both B and D

Q: The fact that anatomical structures appear to be fitted to the functions they serve was the basis for the: A.theory of uniformitarianism B.theory of natural selection C.theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics D.theory of catastrophism E.argument from design

Q: Which of the following were important factors in the development of the scientific revolution? A.the expansion of Europeans throughout the world B.technological innovations C.the development of the heliocentric model of the universe D.all of the above E.only A and B

Q: Which of the following holds that species, once designed, can never change? A.fixity of species B.natural selection C.transmutation D.survival of the fittest E.argument from design

Q: Prior to the Enlightenment, which of the following concepts hindered the development of evolutionary theory? A.fixity of species B.notion that all life was part of divine design C.lack of temporal depth for age of earth D.all of the above E.only A and C

Q: All cultures share the same worldview.

Q: The use of an ethnocentric perspective is one of the defining characteristics of anthropology.

Q: Hypotheses only become theories when they are successfully tested several times and are not rejected.

Q: Anthropological archaeology is primarily concerned with understanding the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome.

Q: Archaeological sites are locations where any past human activity has occurred.

Q: Physical anthropologists are only interested in the fossil record.

Q: Cultural anthropologists study virtually any aspect of modern human behavior.

Q: Archaeology is primarily associated with the study of past species, such as dinosaurs.

Q: Paleopathology studies traces of disease or injury in ancient human skeletal remains.

Q: The enculturation process typically involves a strong degree of inherited behavior.

Q: The view of other cultures as inferior to one's own is known as: A.ethnocentrism B.empiricism C.an evolutionary perspective D.cultural relativism E.none of these

Q: A hypothesis may become a theory if: A.it is quantifiable B.a majority of the scientific community attests to its accuracy C.it is tested numerous times and not rejected D.all of these E.none of these

Q: Scientific testing includes: A.expansion of observed data B.repeating experiments C.attempt to verify hypotheses and theories D.all of the above E.only A and C

Q: A provisional explanation of a phenomenon is known as a: A.theory B.datum C.hypothesis D.proposition E.preliminary observation

Q: Which of the following would NOT be an example of a quantitative measure? A.hominin cranial capacity B.number of male baboons in a troop C.length of an arrowhead D.All of the above are quantitative measures. E.only B and C

Q: Data are typically collected through: A.experiments B.observation C.specialized equipment D.all of the above E.only A and B

Q: Which of the following best defines the term 'empirical'? A.a systematic means to minimize bias B.something relying on experiment or observation C.well substantiated explanations about natural phenomena D.facts from which conclusions can be drawn E.none of these

Q: The scientific method is defined by: A.a systematic means to minimize bias B.a tool used to define the truth about natural phenomena C.a means of generating more accurate explanations D.all of the above E.only A and C

Q: Which of the following statements concerning the impact of bias on scientific research is incorrect? A.Bias can be completely eliminated through careful use of research design. B.Bias can result from the political background of the researcher. C.Bias can result from dishonest researchers. D.Bias can result from earlier research. E.all of these

Q: Which of the following topics is likely to be addressed by a linguistic anthropologist? A.language origins B.classification of language families C.how language use shapes perception D.language acquisition E.all of these

Q: The primary focus of antiquarians in North America concerned: A.the desire to classify human biological variation B.an interest in the physical evolution of hominins C.the relationship between Native Americans and the archaeological record D.all of the above E.only A and C

Q: The study of past societies through material remains prior to the development of writing is known as: A.prehistoric archaeology B.historical archaeology C.paleontology D.paleoanthropology E.anthropological archaeology

Q: Which of the following best defines an archaeological site? A.location of past human activity B.area containing artifacts and features C.location of modern archaeological research D.all of the above E.only A and C

Q: Which of the following is a recent area in American archaeology in which many contemporary archaeologists are employed? A.forensic archaeology B.palynology C.antiquarianism D.public archaeology E.cultural archaeology

Q: The study of ancient patterns of health, stature, and demography from skeletal remains is known as: A.bioarchaeology B.forensic anthropology C.paleontology D.archaeology E.all of these

Q: The body of methods designed to understand the human past through material remains is: A.osteology B.archaeology C.paleoanthropology D.ethnography E.primatology

Q: The assumption that past human behavior and culture is preserved in knowable material patterns is associated with which discipline? A.paleontology B.geology C.archaeology D.forensic anthropology E.none of these

Q: Which of the following would not be an example of material culture? A.carved ivory statue B.fossil C.arrowhead D.pyramid E.All of the above are examples of material culture.

Q: Objects or materials made or modified for use by hominins are known as: A.fossils B.artifacts C.sites D.the archaeological record E.all of these

Q: Forensic anthropology is defined as: A.the application of anthropological techniques to legal issues B.the use of osteology to identify skeletal remains C.reconstruction of physical characteristics from human bone D.all of these E.none of these

Q: The branch of osteology that focuses on injury or disease in human remains is: A.paleontology B.epidemiology C.paleoanthropology D.paleopathology E.forensics

Q: As osteologist would typically deal with what type of research? A.primate behavior B.bone biology and physiology C.molecular genetics D.all of these E.none of these

Q: Which of the following is an important element of primatological studies? A.understanding reproductive patterns B.providing knowledge for preserving endangered primates C.the study of communication D.understand natural forces that have shaped human evolution E.all of these

Q: Primatology is defined as: A.the study of apes, monkeys, and prosimians B.the study of hominin evolution C.the study of ancient disease D.the study of modern human genetic variability E.none of these

Q: Which of the following are NOT included within the Order Primates? A.humans B.monkeys C.marsupials D.prosimians E.apes

Q: Genetics are crucial for the study of what topics in physical anthropology? A.human evolution B.human adaptation C.evolutionary processes D.relationships between species E.all of these

Q: The modern interest in human physical variation by physical anthropologists is: A.because of its adaptive significance B.part of a plan to more completely classify human racial types C.linked to the development of osteology D.It is not part of physical anthropology. E.all of these

Q: Anthropometry had its origins in: A.the study of human language B.the rejection of the notion of human race C.the desire to describe and classify human biological variability D.the development of primatology E.none of these

Q: The term hominin is a common term used to describe: A.members of the tribe Hominin B.modern humans C.any bipedal ape D.all of the above E.only A and C

Q: The interdisciplinary study of early hominins is known as: A.anthropometry B.paleopathology C.paleontology D.paleoanthropology E.archaeology

Q: Which of the following describe the origins of physical anthropology? A.desire to refute the ideas of Darwinian evolution B.concern about the mechanisms by which modern species came to exist C.desire to explain the biological variability in humans D.all of the above E.only B and C

Q: Which anthropological subfield is defined as the study of human biology within the framework of evolution with an emphasis on the interaction between biology and culture? A.physical anthropology B.biocultural evolution C.applied anthropology D.archaeology E.paleontology

Q: Which of the following best describes the current focus of cultural anthropology? A.It is primarily concerned with understanding the biological basis of race. B.It focuses entirely on "primitive" groups of people untouched by civilization. C.It covers a wide range of topics that include modern urban settings. D.It is primarily associated with the study of prehistoric culture. E.all of these

Q: Which of the following aspects of cultural anthropology involves practical applications of anthropological knowledge and skills outside of an academic setting? A.Urban anthropology B.Medical anthropology C.Applied anthropology D.Economic anthropology E.Genetic Anthropology

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the modern topic areas of cultural anthropology? A.Urban anthropology B.Medical anthropology C.Applied anthropology D.Economic anthropology E.All of these are addressed by cultural anthropology.

Q: The descriptive accounts of the cultural aspects of human societies are known as: A.ethnographies B.osteology C.linguistics D.entomology E.economic anthropology

Q: Cultural anthropology has its origins in: A.the discovery of the pyramids of Egypt B.the Enlightenment-era desire to understand the place of humans in the world C.the desire to fully document the physical variability of humans D.all of these E.none of these

Q: Which of the following aspects of the Enlightenment contributed to the development of anthropology as a field of inquiry: A.the desire to understand the place of humans in the world B.the development of new ideas about the nature of primitive societies C.revisions to ideas about the extent of the knowable world D.all of the above E.only B and C

Q: The process of adaptation involves what important element? A.the survival of the strongest individuals B.a specific goal or plan C.environmental selective forces D.mutation E.all of these

Q: Which of the following is commonly used to define members of a species? A.They are reproductively isolated . B.ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring C.geographic proximity D.similar processes of enculturation E.none of these

Q: The term evolution refers to: A.changes in the genetic makeup of a population from one generation to the next B.the appearance of a new species C.ongoing biological processes that include genetic changes within populations and the appearance of new species D.all of the above E.only A and B

Q: The process by which cultural values and beliefs are transmitted from one generation to the next is known as: A.enculturation B.evolution C.trans-generational crossover D.biocultural evolution E.none of these

Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of culture? A.learned behaviors B.includes language and religion C.transmitted through enculturation D.is genetically controlled E.is a uniquely human characteristic

Q: The term biocultural evolution refers to: A.biological changes in a species over time B.changes in human culture from generation to generation C.the interaction between biology and culture in human evolution D.biological evolution in all species except humans E.all of these

Q: Which of the following primarily differentiates anthropology from other academic disciplines? A.focus on modern humans B.holistic perspective C.emphasis on biological evolution D.use of scientific method E.all of these

Q: Discuss how the process of globalization affects human biocultural variation today.

Q: Discuss the evidence from the skeletons and teeth of early agriculturalists. Then describe the negative consequences of a shift from food foraging to the domestication of food in terms of pathologic evidence.

Q: Discuss how morphologic changes to modern humans' faces, mandibles, and teeth changed after the shift to agriculture and consumption of softer foods.

Q: Domestication of plants and animals led to stable food supplies during the Holocene; however, it also resulted in significant environmental and health problems. Discuss these problems in terms of natural selection.

Q: What two models discuss how innovations spread? By what mechanism did wheat spread from the Levant into Europe?

Q: What form of subsistence pattern is found in the Neolithic period? Name three geographic regions where Neolithic lifeways appeared independently.

Q: Common types of plants exist mostly in areas of the world with temperate climates and they include a range of crops and their wild ancestors such as: a. rye and rice. b. sorghum and millet. c. wheat and barley. d. both a. and c.

Q: By the close of the Pleistocene the human population numbered: a. several thousand. b. 7 billion. c. several million. d. 1 billion.

Q: Hunter-gatherers' skeletons tend to show: a. less osteoarthritis. b. higher levels of activity. c. lower workload/activity. d. bones with lower density.

Q: The core of the adaptive success characterized by population explosion was the result of: a. a decreased food supply. b. an increased food supply. c. agriculture. d. a sedentary lifestyle.

Q: Parasitic infections are a primary cause of _______ in many regions of the globe. a. iron-deficiency anemia b. Staphylococcus aureus c. treponematoses d. endemic disease

Q: During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets; you diagnose the condition as: a. porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia. b. periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet. c. ameloblasts, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection. d. cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.

Q: A round cross section of a long bone suggests that the bone will: a. have greater strength through one of its axes. b. have less strength through its y-axis. c. have equal strength in all directions. d. break given a small amount of tension.

Q: An oval cross section of an adult femur suggests that the individual: a. was likely very physically active. b. was lethargic and largely sedentary. c. had a nutritional deficiency as a child. d. You cannot discern anything from the shape of a bone.

Q: Agriculture resulted in: a. higher-quality nutrition. b. a stable, healthy food source. c. population sedentism and crowding. d. a shift in social dynamics, resulting in larger families.

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