Q&A Hero

Anthropology

Q: Which of the following traits is NOT shared by all members of the Chordata phylum? A.vertebral column B.gill slits at some stage of development C.a nerve cord D.ability to ingest food E.a supporting chord along the back
Q: Taxonomically animals are defined different from plants due to the fact that: A.they ingest food B.they are mobile C.the lack the capacity for photosynthesis D.all of the above E.only A and B
Q: The mammals achieved rapid evolutionary success because they possessed several characteristics related to learning and general behavioral flexibility.
Q: The terms generalized and specialized apply to both organisms and traits.
Q: Specialized species are more likely to undergo an adaptive radiation.
Q: Vertebrates first appeared during the Mesozoic period.
Q: The establishment of a new genus in the fossil record requires at least two paleospecies.
Q: The variation that exists among individuals within a species is known as intraspecific variation.
Q: A paleospecies is typically easier to define than a modern species due to the fact that it is often separated in time from other similar species.
Q: A cladogram typically includes both a time scale and the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Q: Homoplasies are central in the use of cladistics for reconstructing the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Q: The development of global economies and population growth have increased the threats posed by infectious diseases.
Q: Infectious diseases no longer constitute an important aspect of natural selection on humans.
Q: Rickets is likely associated with the inability to process vitamin D due to the lack of oxygen at high altitudes.
Q: Human skin color exhibits a continuous or clinal distribution.
Q: A polymorphic trait is one with more than one allele at a given locus.
Q: Racism is defined as the idea that culture or behavior are correlated with biological traits.
Q: Forensic anthropologists must deal with the race concept because they are asked by law enforcement agencies to identify an individual's race from skeletal remains.
Q: The term "race" currently has only biological connotations and is without any social significance.
Q: Traditional studies of race have typically focused on superficial phenotypic characteristics.
Q: Charles Galton is associated with the development of the eugenics movement.
Q: Which of the following is responsible for the largest number of adult deaths worldwide? A.HIV/AIDS B.malaria C.tuberculosis (TB) D.rickets E.ebola
Q: Analysis of mortuary statistics indicates which of the following? A.Infectious diseases continue to decrease as a source of human mortality. B.The rate of death from infectious diseases has steadily declined over the past 100 years. C.The rate of death from infectious disease has seen a recent increase in the past 25 years. D.The twentieth century marks the first time that infectious diseases have been responsible for the majority of human deaths. E.Infectious diseases have never constituted a significant source of human mortality.
Q: DNA analysis of the HIV virus indicates that it likely emerged in what organism? A.humans B.chimpanzees C.capuchin monkeys D.mosquitoes E.none of these
Q: Resistance of some people to HIV infection is linked to a mutation that may also have resulted in resistance to what other disease? A.AIDS B.malaria C.bubonic plague D.smallpox E.influenza
Q: Which of the following statements about modern infectious diseases is INCORRECT? A.Infectious diseases will become more prominent with global warming. B.They no longer represent a significant source of natural selection. C.Drug resistant pathogens represent an emerging threat. D.all of the above E.Only answers A and C are incorrect.
Q: Which of the following defines the primary vector responsible for human malarial infection? A.contact with infected blood B.mosquitoes C.bronchial secretions D.red blood cells E.none of these
Q: The worldwide outbreak of HIV/AIDS would be referred to by what term? A.chronic B.pandemic C.global vector D.endemic E.all of these
Q: The microorganisms responsible for infectious disease are known as: A.vectors B.zoonoses C.endemic D.pathogens E.pandemics
Q: Disease pathogens such as bacteria or viruses are sometimes transmitted from one individual to another by various agents such as fleas or mosquitoes. Such agents are called: A.pathogens B.vectors C.pandemics D.endemics E.brachycephalics
Q: When a disease is continuously present in a population it is said to be: A.pandemic B.chronic C.epidemic D.endemic E.lethal
Q: Which of the following explain why infectious diseases were less common among hunter-gatherers? A.group mobility B.low population density C.lack of domestic animals D.small population size E.all of these
Q: Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease? A.smallpox B.mononucleosis C.malaria D.mumps E.All of the above are zoonotic diseases.
Q: Which is TRUE of populations living at high altitude compared to those living at sea level?A.The incidence of low birth weight is higher.B.The incidence of infant mortality is lower.C.People produce fewer red blood cells.D.Growth and maturation occur more rapidly.E.Chest and lung size are reduced.
Q: Stresses imposed by living at high altitude include: A.reduced available oxygen B.increased exposure to cold and wind C.a reduced nutritional base D.all of these E.A and B only
Q: Hypoxia: A.is due to insufficient amounts of vitamin D B.occurs at higher altitude because the atmosphere contains less oxygen than at sea level C.exerts no stress on humans D.is a problem for people living at sea level E.none of these
Q: Which of the following would NOT be an example of acclimatization to environmental effects? A.vasodilation B.vasoconstriction C.increased perspiration rates D.increased lung capacity E.increased production of red blood cells
Q: Neural tube disorders, such as spina bifida, have been associated with which of the following? A.insufficient exposure to ultraviolet radiation B.too much vitamin D C.deficient amounts of folate D.too few melanocytes E.insufficient amounts of vitamin D
Q: Rickets is caused by: A.overexposure to ultraviolet radiation B.too much vitamin D C.insufficient amounts of melanin D.too few melanocytes E.insufficient amounts of vitamin D
Q: Acclimatization refers to: A.long-term adaptations of species to certain environmental conditions B.short-term physiological responses in individuals C.the appearance of new species D.slowly occurring genetic change in populations E.none of these
Q: Which of the following describes effects that threaten the condition of homeostasis? A.stress B.acclimatization C.polymorphisms D.vectors E.all of these
Q: Biological systems are balanced systems maintained by the interaction of physiological mechanisms that compensate for both external and internal changes. Such a balanced system is referred to as: A.hypoxia B.homeostasis C.homeothermy D.acclimatization E.polygenism
Q: Which of the following can result in breeding isolates? A.social factors B.environmental factors C.genetic distance D.all of the above E.only A and B
Q: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predicts that evolution does not occur, providing which of the following mechanisms are not present? A.genetic drift B.mutation C.gene flow D.natural selection E.all of these
Q: The total complement of genes shared by the reproductive members of a population is known as the: A.gene pool B.genome C.cline D.vector E.polymorphisms
Q: The study of population genetics, specifically the frequency of alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes focuses on what aspect of evolution? A.macroevolution B.natural selection C.microevolution D.non-random mating E.mutation
Q: The prevalence of malaria in West Africa is likely tied to what cultural practice? A.pastoralism B.mortuary rituals C.domestication D.slash and burn agriculture E.eugenics
Q: A lower incidence of lactose intolerance in some human populations can be tied to: A.a cultural environment with a strong emphasis on pastoralism B.a genetic point mutation that prevents some humans from producing lactase C.a recent history of consumption of fresh milk D.all of the above E.only A and C
Q: Lactase persistence is defined as: A.the inability to digest fresh milk B.the persistent presence of vitamin D deficiency due to insufficient milk consumption C.the ability of adults to produce lactase D.all of these E.none of these
Q: The high levels of the O allele in some South American and Australian aboriginal populations is likely due to: A.gene flow B.genetic drift C.geographic isolation D.mutation E.natural selection
Q: Which of the following topics define the modern approach to understanding human variability? A.the adaptive significance of the connection between race and IQ B.the search for adaptive significance in phenotypic variation C.the genetic variation underlying phenotypic variation D.all of the above E.only B and C
Q: The gradual change in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes across space is known as: A.a polymorphism B.a cline C.a discontinuous distribution D.a polytypic trait E.gene flow
Q: Loci with more than one allele are known as: A.multiple loci traits B.polytypic traits C.polymorphisms D.point mutations E.clines
Q: Which of the following statements best defines intelligence? A.It can be accurately measured with an IQ test. B.It is determined by environmental factors. C.It is determined by genetic factors. D.There is a clear, scientifically demonstrated association between intelligence and population affinity. E.only B and C
Q: The reality or utility of race as a valid biological concept is debated by many physical anthropologists for which of the following reasons? A.There is more variability within populations than between. B.Racial typologies represent an arbitrary means of simplifying biological complexity. C.The distribution of many "racial" traits are clinal in nature. D.Many of the traits used to define race are influenced by several genes. E.all of the above
Q: The interchangeable use of the terms 'ethnicity' and 'race' are a product of: A.the close biological connection between the two terms B.the common connection between race and cultural behavior C.the continued mistaken association of phenotype and culture D.the biocultural model of evolution E.the eugenics movement
Q: Skin color has historically been used as a means of classifying humans because: A.it is a surface reflection of deeper biological differences B.it is so noticeable C.it corresponds with other human polymorphisms D.it comprises a large extent of our genetic code E.all of these
Q: The term 'race' has historically had which of the following meanings? A.species B.geographically patterned phenotypic variation C.nationality D.religious groups E.all of these
Q: A polytypic species is defined as one which: A.has inherent variability B.is undergoing speciation C.has populations with different traits D.has recently experienced an adaptive radiation E.has multiple polymorphisms
Q: The eugenics movement: A.had considerable support both in Europe and the United States B.sought to rid society of those deemed unfit through mandatory sterilization programs C.proposed governmental policies to regulate marriage and family size D.all of these E.A and C only
Q: The cephalic index was developed as a means of: A.accurately identifying racial type B.identifying the cranial capacity of an individual C.providing scientists with a means of studying genetic plasticity D.demonstrating the relative equality of human populations E.illustrating the clinal nature of human polymorphisms
Q: The idea that culture or behavior is correlated with biological traits, such as skin color, is known as: A.racism B.biological determinism C.eugenics D.polytypic culturalism E.none of these
Q: Genetic drift is associated with small population sizes.
Q: Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA.
Q: Dominant traits are always beneficial.
Q: The majority of human traits are Mendelian.
Q: Heterozygotes contain at least two different alleles for a trait.
Q: The exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes is known as recombination.
Q: Meiosis produces identical copies, known as daughter cells.
Q: Mitosis produces identical copies, known as daughter cells.
Q: DNA is only found in the cell's nucleus.
Q: The structure of DNA can be described as a double helix.
Q: What environmental factor resulted in the increased frequency of the sickle cell trait in some human populations? A.malaria B.HIV/AIDS C.global warming D.tuberculosis E.none of these
Q: The non-random impact of natural selection on genetic variability is known as: A.genetic drift B.gene flow C.directional selection D.selective fitness E.adaptive radiation
Q: The founder effect is defined as: A.a type of genetic drift B.unlikely to significantly alter allele frequencies C.a process occurring when a larger population is reduced in size or splits into a smaller portion D.all of the above E.only A and C
Q: The total complement of genes shared by the reproductive members of a population is known as the: A.gene pool B.genome C.genetic sequence D.karyotype E.allele frequency
Q: The increase in genetic diversity within a population resulting from the exchange of genes with another population is known as: A.microevolution B.gene flow C.non-random mating D.genetic drift E.none of these
Q: The source of changes in allele frequencies caused by random factors in small populations is known as: A.microevolution B.gene flow C.non-random mating D.genetic drift E.none of these
Q: Mutation typically effects variability in what manner? A.it increases it B.it decreases it C.it maintains existing levels of variability D.all of the above E.both A and B
Q: The appearance of a new species resulting from long-term changes to allele frequency within a population is known as: A.founder effect B.genetic drift C.macroevolution D.microevolution E.population genetics
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