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Anthropology
Q:
The Flores hominins are members of the Homo habilis group.
Q:
The fossils from , in the Czech Republic, have been cited as evidence for local genetic continuity with Neandertals.
Q:
According to the Regional Continuity model, Neandertals are classified as the same biological species as anatomically modern humans.
Q:
The strong Regional Continuity model is supported by the preponderance of evidence.
Q:
Gene flow is central to the Regional Continuity model.
Q:
Neandertal mtDNA exhibits the same degree of variability as does modern human populations.
Q:
The earliest anatomically modern humans are from Africa.
Q:
Which of the following lists of traits best define the new cultural developments of the late Pleistocene?
A.big game hunting, controlled use of fire, shelters, intentional burial
B.big game hunting, harpoons, artwork, tailored clothing, elaborate burials
C.domestication, elaborate burials, permanent houses
D.big game hunting, plant gathering controlled use of fire, art, intentional burial
E.intensive plant processing, ground stone tools, artwork, elaborate burials
Q:
Which of the following best describes that nature of Late Stone Age artwork in Africa?
A.Venus figurines are common after 20,000 y.a.
B.personal adornment appears as early as 38,000 y.a.
C.rock art appears as early as 28,000 y.a.
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
Q:
The site of Pinnacle Point provides the earliest evidence for what type of technology?
A.blades
B.microliths
C.burins
D.bows and arrows
E.pottery
Q:
What statement can be made about the development technology in Europe and Africa during the Late Stone Age/Upper Paleolithic?
A.Europe has the earliest dates for many important developments.
B.Microliths appear at the same time in both places.
C.Sophisticated bone technology may appear earlier in Africa than in Europe.
D.Punch blade technology develops later in Africa than in Europe.
E.Bone tools are not found in African Late Stone Age sites.
Q:
The diet of people during the Upper Paleolithic included the first time what food resource was systematically exploited?
A.fish
B.reindeer
C.mammoths
D.bison
E.horses
Q:
Which of the following may be the meaning of the deep cave art found in western Europe?
A.religious rituals
B.visual communication
C.for aesthetic purposes
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Q:
Upper Paleolithic rock art is found primarily in western Europe because:
A.the use of deep caves in those areas has preserved it
B.artwork was not conducted until much later in other locations
C.archaeologists have not looked for it in other places
D.all of the above
E.both A and C
Q:
Venus figurines:
A.are only associated with Aurignacian
B.were only used as fertility objects
C.depict women in range of statuses/roles
D.all of the above
E.both A and C
Q:
Upper Paleolithic rock art is dated as early as:
A.30,000 years ago
B.150,000 years ago
C.12,00 years ago
D.200,000 years ago
E.5,000 years ago
Q:
Burins are associated with:
A.fishing
B.the Levallois technique
C.working hard materials like bone, antler, and ivory
D.soft-hammer percussion
E.the Mousterian
Q:
Upper Paleolithic stone tool manufacturing is differentiated from previous time periods by what process?
A.indirect percussion
B.discoidal technique
C.hard-hammer percussion
D.soft-hammer percussion
E.all of these
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes the nature of Middle and Upper Paleolithic hunting strategies?
A.They exploited vastly different types of resources.
B.They were both largely dependent on seasonally available animals.
C.They show the same basic usage of ungulates.
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
Q:
The earliest Upper Paleolithic culture in Europe is known as the:
A.Magdalenian
B.Aurignacian
C.Solutrean
D.Chatelperronian
E.Gravettian
Q:
The Upper Paleolithic cultural period began:
A.12,00 years ago
B.40,000 years ago
C.120,000 years ago
D.250,000 years ago
E.500,00 years ago
Q:
What environmental conditions made Late Pleistocene Europe ideal for hunters?
A.mixed forest/grassland environment
B.glaciers
C.different sea levels
D.large tundra/grassland areas
E.all of these
Q:
The unique physical traits of the Flores hominins is likely the result of:
A.their geographical isolation
B.a general reduction in food resources
C.their close connection with Australopithecines
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Q:
Which of the following best characterize the physical traits of the Flores hominins?
A.small bodies, nearly human cranial capacity
B.normal human stature with prominent brow ridges
C.essentially the same physical traits as Australopithecines
D.small bodies and ape-size brains
E.evidence for habitual, and not obligatory bipedalism
Q:
Which of the following statements concerning the Flores hominins is correct?
A.They represent the arrival of the first modern humans from Africa to southern Asia.
B.They represent typical examples of the late Homo erectus populations found in Asia.
C.They represent an indigenous transition to anatomically modern humans.
D.They are ancestral to modern Australian populations.
E.They represent a unique species of hominins likely descended from Homo erectus.
Q:
The skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho site in Portugal has been offered as:
A.evidence for possible interbreeding between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans
B.evidence for the Complete Replacement model of human origins
C.an example of a classic Cro-Magnon individual
D.evidence for the initial appearance of modern humans in Europe
E.evidence for the persistence of Classic Neandertals in Europe after 25,000 years
Q:
The Cro-Magnon fossils are examples of:
A.possible interbreeding between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans
B.classic Neandertals from Western Europe
C.clear regional continuity between premodern and modern populations in Europe
D.evidence for the initial appearance of modern humans in Europe
E.evidence for the persistence of Classic Neandertals in Europe after 25,000 years
Q:
The fossils:
A.tend to have prominent supraorbital tori
B.may indicate local continuity between Neandertal and modern populations
C.are classified as anatomically modern humans
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Q:
The earliest evidence of people in Australia comes from which of the following sites?
A.Niah Cave
B.Kow Swamp
C.Lake Mungo
D.Sahul
E.Flores
Q:
Modern humans may have been present in Australia as early as:
A.100,000 years ago
B.50,000 years ago
C.75,000 years ago
D.15,000 years ago
E.125,000 years ago
Q:
The earliest, fully anatomically modern humans in Asia likely date to:
A.10,000-50,000 years ago
B.75,000-100,000 years ago
C.100,000-120,000 years ago
D.175,00-200,000 years ago
E.200,000-250,000 years ago
Q:
Which site may provide evidence of the population that eventually colonized Australia?
A.Tianyuan
B.Niah Cave
C.Zhoukoudian
D.Trinil
E.none of these
Q:
The Tianyuan skeleton has been offered as evidence in support of:
A.The Partial Replacement Model
B.The Complete Replacement Model
C.The Regional Continuity Model
D.The Out of Asia Model
E.none of these
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes the anatomical appearance of the and Qafzeh humans?
A.They closely resemble non-African premodern humans.
B.They are difficult to distinguish from the Tabun Neandertals.
C.They are clearly modern, with some premodern traits.
D.They represent clear evidence of gene flow between modern humans and Neandertals.
E.They look identical to contemporary human populations from the Near East.
Q:
The early modern remains from the sites of and Qafzeh indicate that:
A.there is no overlap between Neandertals and modern humans in the Near East
B.modern humans occupied the Near East as early as 130,000 years ago
C.there is overlap in the occupations of Neandertals and modern humans
D.Neandertal populations clearly occur after those of modern humans
E.only B and D
Q:
The fully anatomically modern human forms from the Klasies River Mount, Border Cave, and Omo Kibish 1 sites likely date between:
A.200,00-250,000 years ago
B.1.5-1.2 million years ago
C.190,000-80,000 years ago
D.250,000-350,000 years ago
E.40,000-30,000 years ago
Q:
Which of the following is NOT associated with the Herto fossils?
A.They don't match any contemporary group of modern humans.
B.They are physically identical to Eurasian Neandertals.
C.They offer the best current evidence for the African origin of modern humans.
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Q:
Which model of modern human origins employs the forces of gene flow and similar selective forces as its central premise?
A.Complete Replacement
B.Partial Replacement
C.Regional Continuity
D.Recent African Evolution
E.none of these
Q:
Analysis of ancient Neandertal and anatomically modern humans mtDNA indicates that:
A.the Neandertal mtDNA is significantly different from living humans
B.the anatomically modern mtDNA closely resembles living humans
C.there is a strong degree of genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and early fully modern humans
D.all of these
E.none of these
Q:
The use of the Homo sapiens taxonomic classification for Neandertals is associated with which of the following models?
A.Regional Continuity
B.Complete Replacement
C.Partial Replacement
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Q:
The use of the Homo neandertalensis taxonomic classification for Neandertals is associated with which of the following models?
A.Regional Continuity
B.Complete Replacement
C.Partial Replacement
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Q:
According to the Complete Replacement Model, interbreeding between contemporaneous modern African and non-African hominins after 200,000 years ago is unlikely because:
A.the African populations were the result of a speciation event
B.geographic barriers prevent gene flow
C.modern African forms likely did not leave Africa
D.the groups were behaviorally isolated
E.none of these
Q:
The authors of your textbook propose that, based on an overview of current available evidence:
A.very minimal multiregional continuity seems likely
B.the strong multiregional model is very unlikely
C.the strong, but not complete, replacement model seems to be the most correct
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
Q:
Evidence for notable technological differences between Middle and Upper Paleolithic tool traditions support which model for modern human origins?
A.Partial Replacement
B.Strong Multiregional
C.Complete Replacement
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
Q:
Which aspect of modern human DNA variability is used to support the Complete Replacement Model?
A.Indigenous African populations have the least amount of genetic diversity.
B.Unique genetic markers are found in non-African populations.
C.Indigenous African populations have the greatest amount of genetic diversity.
D.none of the above
E.only A and B
Q:
The Regional Continuity, or Multiregional Evolution, Model proposes that:
A.modern human populations only emerged in Africa
B.gene flow occurred between most pre-modern populations
C.the emergence of anatomically modern humans represents a speciation event
D.anatomically modern humans evolved indigenously outside of Africa
E.only B and D
Q:
The Partial Replacement Models propose that:
A.modern human populations only emerged in Africa
B.interbreeding occurred between African and non-African populations
C.the emergence of anatomically modern humans represents a speciation event
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Q:
The Complete Replacement, or Recent African Evolution, Model proposes that:
A.modern human populations only emerged in Africa
B.the development of modern humans represents a speciation event
C.modern humans replaced non-African premodern species
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Q:
Neandertals exhibit clear evidence of being a TRUE biological species distinct from modern humans.
Q:
Analysis of Neandertal mtDNA shows that they are closely related to modern humans.
Q:
Anatomical evidence indicates that Neandertals had the physical ability to produce language.
Q:
The Mousterian tool industry is the only one associated with Neandertals.
Q:
The Chatelperronian tool industry is associated with Neandertals, and may be the product of cultural diffusion from modern Homo sapiens.
Q:
Premodern Homo sapiens were probably able to control fire.
Q:
Asian forms of H.heidelbergensis show little continuity with earlier H. erectus forms.
Q:
Premodern humans from Africa show a clear connection with those from Europe.
Q:
The term Homo heidelbergensis is used to refer to all Middle Pleistocene hominins
Q:
Pleistocene climate changes were primarily limited to the temperate regions outside of Africa
Q:
Which view of Neandertals is best supported by current archaeological, genetic, and physical data?
A.They represent a distinct species.
B.They are the same as modern humans.
C.They simply represent geographical variation, similar to that which exists among current humans.
D.They represent the clear ancestors to modern populations in parts of Europe and Asia.
E.They likely represent a distinctive regional variant of Homo heidelbergensis.
Q:
Analysis of mtDNA from Neandertal skeletons has shown that:
A.there is three times the degree of divergence between Neandertals and contemporary Homo sapiens populations than exists among modern human populations
B.Neandertals may have diverged from modern humans as early as 600,000 years ago
C.it is still impossible to exclude the possibility of an evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neandertals
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Q:
Which of the following statements concerning Neandertal burials is INCORRECT?
A.It seems to occur prior to the earliest known examples in Africa.
B.They display the same degree of elaboration of those of the Upper Paleolithic.
C.The practice is seen at both European and the Near Eastern Neandertal sites.
D.Neandertal burials contain evidence for grave goods.
E.It occurs well before the appearance of fully modern humans in Europe.
Q:
Which of the following statements concerning the Neandertal language use is CORRECT?
A.They possessed the anatomical ability to produce speech.
B.The archaeological record indicates significant cognitive differences from modern humans.
C.Their brain morphology suggests significant differences from humans.
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Q:
The development of the disk shaped cores by Neandertals provided what technological advantage?
A.the ability to produce sharper tools
B.the ability to make more efficient use of the stone
C.the ability to successfully work bone and antler
D.the ability to manufacture a wide range of tools
E.all of these
Q:
The Neandertal subsistence base was:
A.hunting and gathering
B.fishing
C.heavily based on nut and seed crops
D.scavenging and gathering
E.primarily gathering
Q:
What evidence indicates that Neandertals may not have been able to hunt large animals as efficiently or safely as modern humans?
A.relatively few animal bones from large game species
B.the lack of efficient long-distance weapons
C.a high proportion of neck and head injuries
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
Q:
DNA analysis of Neandertal skeletons from central Asia have resulted in what conclusions?
A.They are part of a distinctive Neandertal lineage.
B.They are quite similar to modern humans.
C.They are divergent from Neandertals in W. Europe.
D.all of the above
E.both A and B
Q:
Neandertal populations are always associated with which tool industry?
A.Chatel-Perronian
B.Mousterian
C.Acheulian
D.Magdalenian
E.both A and B
Q:
The site of Shanidar included:
A.a trend towards increasing modern features in a Neandertal population
B.the earliest artwork
C.evidence for Neandertal compassion and caring
D.cannibalism
E.clear interaction between Neandertals and modern humans
Q:
The site of Vindija may contain evidence for:
A.cannibalism
B.a trend towards increasing modern features in a Neandertal population
C.systematic hunting
D.the earliest artwork
E.the earliest Neandertal fossils
Q:
The most recent Neandertal sites date to how many years ago?
A.100,000
B.65,000
C.30,000
D.10,000
E.250,000
Q:
Which of the following sites provides evidence for one of the last Neandertals?
A.Krapina
B.La Chapelle-aux-Saints
C.St. Csaire
D.Shanidar
E.the original Neandertal site
Q:
The "classic," and misleading, image of Neandertals was based on a reconstruction of a skeleton from which site?
A.Moula-Gercy
B.La Chapelle-aux-Saints
C.St. Csaire
D.Vindija
E.the original Neandertal site
Q:
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical feature distinctive of Neandertals?
A.shorter limbs
B.arched browridges
C.projecting mid face
D.slightly smaller average cranial capacity than modern humans
E.robust skeleton
Q:
The cold climate of the Neandertals may explain what distinctive morphological feature?
A.the linear body build
B.their large brain size
C.the occipital bun
D.their relatively small noses
E.all of these
Q:
The majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in:
A.Europe
B.Asia
C.India
D.Africa
E.the Middle East
Q:
Neandertal cranial capacity:
A.is the same as modern humans
B.is slightly larger than H. erectus
C.is larger than modern humans
D.is not known
E.is slightly smaller than H. heidelbergensis
Q:
What evidence from the site of Schningen may provide an indication of advanced hunting skills during the Middle Paleolithic?
A.stone spear points embedded in the skeletons of horses
B.several long spruce throwing spears
C.the remains of extinct baboons associated with handaxes
D.numerous butchery marks on animal bones at an open air campsite
E.artwork depicting elaborate hunting scenes
Q:
The site of Terra Amata near Nice, France was likely used by Homo heidelbergensis for what activities?
A.exploitation of marine resources
B.plant gathering
C.short term seasonal visits
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
Q:
The tool technology of Homo heidelbergensis in the Middle Pleistocene (in Europe and Southwest Asia):
A.differed considerably from the Acheulian tools of H. erectus
B.continued to be the Acheulian tradition similar to that of H. erectus
C.incorporated the use of bone and antler for the first time
D.is termed Oldowan
E.involved the use of finely made, bifacially flaked blades and points
Q:
The prepared core technique was first associated with which tool tradition?
A.Oldowan
B.Acheulian
C.Lower Paleolithic
D.Upper Paleolithic
E.Aurignacian