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Anthropology
Q:
According to Guneratne and Bjork (Village Walks), Nepalese tourist companies characterize the Tharu as primitive forest dwellers untouched by civilization.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes, four of the following statements are true about how the death of poor babies is treated in Alto do Cruzeiro and Bom Jesus de Mata, Brazil. Which one is not?
a. Babies are buried without headstones or markers.
b. The church rarely holds ceremonies for dead infants.
c. The grave where an infant is buried may be used again for another later.
d. Midwives encourage mothers of dead babies to grieve.
e. Civil authorities only require a two-paragraph report when a baby dies.
Q:
The !Kung ridiculed the ox given them by Lee for their Christmas feast because this is the usual way they "cool" the arrogance of people who provide important things for others.
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), the Japanese control of sushi as a Japanese cultural entity is enhanced by all but one of the following. Which one is not something that has enhanced Japanese control?
a. the migration of Japanese sushi chefs to other countries, so that sushi is often prepared by Japanese experts
b. the appearance of Japanese-named sushi bars in many countries
c. the licensing of bars and restaurants outside of Japan by the Japanese Bureau of Cultural Exportation (BCE)
d. the use of Japanese dcor and even Japanese language in restaurants and bars that serve sushi.
e. all of the above
Q:
Scheper-Hughes reports that about infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro, Brazil, in 1965.
a. 100
b. 150
c. 250
d. 300
e. 350
Q:
According to Spradley, the actions generated by cultural knowledge are calleda. social control.b. cultural behavior.c. cultural generation.d. cultural artifacts.e. explicit culture.
Q:
Why does Bestor (How Sushi Went Global) refer to bluefin tuna as "stateless fish?"
a. Bluefin tuna swim so fast and migrate so far they may not remain in any nation's waters for long.
b. ICCAT (the International Commission for the Conservation of Tunas), made up of 28 countries, has declared that the fish should receive "stateless" legal status.
c. No one country has been willing to take responsibility for conserving bluefin tuna.
d. Scientists have not been able to determine what state of mind the tuna are in.
e. Bluefin tuna form part of sushi in every country of the world.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes, doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often
a. fail to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies.
b. refuse to examine poor babies.
c. prescribe drugs that their mothers cannot afford to buy for their sick babies.
d. hospitalize poor sick babies because the infants' mothers can"t care for them.
e. claim poor mothers are killing their babies through neglect.
Q:
The idea that human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings they have for them is a tenet of
a. naive realism.
b. explicit culture.
c. tacit culture.
d. ethnographic research techniques.
e. symbolic interaction.
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), the world demand for sushi and its centerpiece, bluefin tuna, has resulted in four of the five outcomes listed below. Which one is not an outcome of this demand?
a. Overfishing is threatening to reduce the number of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic.
b. The demand and increase in fishing to meet it have caused 28 countries to form a regulatory group called the "International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT).
c. There is a battle between U.S. regulators and fisherman and their European counterparts over unequal limits on the number of tuna that can be fished.
d. The U.S. has made a unilateral declaration that tuna fishing by foreign factory ships will not be permitted within 300 miles of its shores.
e. The introduction of the almadraba system of fishing in the Spanish waters near Gibraltar.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes in her article, "Mother's Love: Death without Weeping," poor Brazilian mothers living in a shanty town near the town of Bom Jesus de Mata
a. will do almost anything to earn money in order to pay for the treatment of their sick babies.
b. stay emotionally detached from their babies, particularly those they feel are likely to die.
c. depend for child support on the local churches and civil authorities.
d. observe nearly a year of formal mourning when a child dies, during which time they are not allowed to dance or laugh in public.
e. try not to have children because infants die so easily.
Q:
Which of the following is the best example of an action based on a tacit cultural rule for members of U.S. society?
a. chewing with one's mouth closed
b. driving on the right side of the street
c. giving your father "his" chair in front of the family television
d. moving to the opposite side of an elevator when there is only one other person in it
e. formatting a business letter
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), Tsukiji, Tokyo's wholesale seafood market
a. sets the world price for bluefin tuna.
b. controls the supply of bluefin tuna by delaying their sale, sometimes for days.
c. is sent daily information about tuna conditions in such fishing grounds as Montauk, Cape Cod, and Cartagena by fisherman in return for information about prices.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Q:
In an epilogue to her article (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), Nancy Scheper-Hughes claims that the installation of piped, treated water to all homes in the shantytown contributed most to the increased survival of infants in Bom Jesus de Mata.
Q:
According to Spradley, the belief that people everywhere interpret the world in the same way is called
a. naive realism.
b. ethnography.
c. cultural behavior.
d. explicit culture.
e. tacit culture.
Q:
According to Bestor, the reason that Japanese had to turn to the world market for bluefin tuna was
a. they had completely fished out bluefin tuna in the Pacific.
b. a world agreement prevented fishing within 200 miles of other countries' shores.
c. the Japanese discovered that Atlantic tuna were much better than their own Pacific tuna.
d. sushi became more popular in Japan in the 1960s so that demand outran supply.
e. the cost of bluefin tuna sold on the world market was much lower than the cost in Japanese markets.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), mothers living in Alto do Cruzeiro in northeastern Brazil have been known to actually hasten the death of babies they feel will not survive by failing to feed them properly.
Q:
According to Spradley, culture, itself, is a kind of
a. behavior.
b. artifact.
c. knowledge.
d. symbolic interaction.
e. ideal system.
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global),
a. globalization does not mean homogenization. Sushi is still viewed as Japanese worldwide.
b. in Spanish waters off Gibraltar, bluefin tuna are trapped, fed by hand, then processed to meet the demand for sushi in Japan and around the world.
c. there is a national tuna day in Japan.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Q:
Nancy Scheper-Hughes (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping) feels that it is instinctual for poor mothers to grieve deeply over the death of their babies in most societies unless they have been separated from their infants by illness or divorce.
Q:
According to Spradley, the term "ethnography" refers to
a. cross-cultural explanation.
b. the discovery and description of the culture of a particular group.
c. the statistical testing of hypotheses in the field, using survey questionnaires.
d. the discovery of ethnic subgroups within complex societies.
e. the process of cross-cultural classification, comparison, and explanation.
Q:
Bestor (how Sushi Went Global) notes that Japan is still the central market for internationally caught bluefin tuna and the Japanese have tried to teach American fishermen and tuna buyers how to judge the quality of tuna that are suitable for the Japanese market.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes, the doctors and clergy of the Brazilian city of Bom Jesus de Mata work hard to save the lives of poor children born in the shanty town of Alto do Cruzeiro but fail because of the indifference of the infants' mothers.
Q:
Spradley argues that culture is more like a map, guiding human action, rather than a strict set of rules requiring specific behavior.
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), America has become the sushi center of the world market for bluefin tuna and Japan has come to be on the periphery.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes, civil and church authorities in the northeast town of Bom Jesus de Mata, Brazil, treat infant death casually and without much concern.
Q:
The concept of "explicit culture" is a key part of Herbert Blumer's theory of symbolic interaction.
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), bluefin tuna are now raised in Spanish waters near Gibraltar where they are fed by hand.
Q:
According to Scheper-Hughes (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), poor women in northeast Brazil will sacrifice in every way possible to keep their children alive.
Q:
Herbert Blumer developed a theory of symbolic interaction.
Q:
Bestor (How Sushi Went Global) argues that the Japanese control the world price for bluefin tuna because the government sets prices paid for imported fish, which, in turn, affects the economy of U.S. fishing villages.
Q:
In her article, "Mother's Love: Death without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes argues that mothers in the shantytown of Alto do Cruzeiro learn to accept the death of a child without grieving.
Q:
Tacit culture refers to cultural knowledge that informants consciously hide from the ethnographer.
Q:
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), few North Americans ate bluefin tuna before the international market for sushi developed, preferring, instead, to fish for tuna as a sport.
Q:
When it is preferred that a woman marry a man from her own village, we call the arrangement
a. polygyny.
b. exogamy.
c. endogamy.
d. polyandry.
e. levirate.
Q:
Spradley defines culture as behavior, artifacts, and knowledge.
Q:
Bestor (How Sushi Went Global) notes that the Japanese love of sushi increased because the introduction of jet aircraft in the 1960s made it possible to ship fresh bluefin tuna, the centerpiece of sushi, to Japan before the fish could spoil.
Q:
When a man is simultaneously married to two or more women, anthropologists call the arrangement
a. polygamy.
b. polygyny.
c. polyandry.
d. the sororate.
e. exogamy.
Q:
The belief and feeling that one's own culture is best is called
a. culture shock.
b. cultural relativism.
c. naive realism.
d. detached observation.
e. ethnocentrism.
Q:
The economic incorporation of different parts of the world into a system based on capitalism, not politics defines
a. world system.
b. cultural diffusion.
c. cultural hybridization.
d. multiculturalism.
e. transnationalism.
Q:
A relationship between two people that is socially recognized and which confers birth-status rights on children is called
a. kinship.
b. consanguineal.
c. a family.
d. marriage.
e. a rite of passage.
Q:
The view that all people see and understand the world in the same way is called
a. naive realism.
b. culture shock.
c. ethnocentrism.
d. arbitrariness.
e. detached observation.
Q:
People who flee their country of origin because they share a well-founded fear of persecution are called
a. tourists.
b. immigrants.
c. stateless persons.
d. refugees.
e. transnationalites.
Q:
The marriage of one woman to more than one man simultaneously is called
a. exogamy.
b. endogamy.
c. polygyny.
d. polyandry.
e. polyglycol.
Q:
The process of discovering and describing a particular culture is called
a. interviewing.
b. ethnology.
c. participant observation.
d. ethnography.
e. ethnocentrism.
Q:
The situation where more than one different culture is part of a larger social aggregate is called
a. multicultural.
b. cultural diffusion.
c. cultural hybridization.
d. globalization.
e. tourism.
Q:
The cultural rule that prohibits sexual intercourse among defined classes of relatives is called
a. the incest taboo.
b. polygamy.
c. endogamy.
d. polygyny.
e. hypergamy.
Q:
When they do ethnographic fieldwork, anthropologists interview
a. respondents.
b. subjects.
c. informants.
d. participants.
e. objects.
Q:
The process that promotes economic, political, and other cultural connections among people living all over the world is called
a. cultural diffusion.
b. world systemization.
c. globalization.
d. cultural hybridization.
e. transnationalism.
Q:
A person one is related to by marriage is called a(n) relative.
a. affinal
b. exogamous
c. consanguine
d. endogamous
e. polygamous
Q:
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor is known for his early definition of
a. ethnography.
b. culture.
c. naive realism.
d. culture shock.
e. detached observation.
Q:
The process by which a cultural custom, item, or concept is transformed to fit the cultural context of a society that borrows it is called
a. globalization.
b. tourism.
c. transnationalism.
d. world systemization.
e. cultural hybridization.
Q:
A rule of relationship that links people together on the basis of reputed common ancestry is called
a. affinity.
b. descent.
c. patrilineality.
d. marriage.
e. social organization.
Q:
Tacit culture is cultural knowledge that informants consciously hide from the anthropologist during fieldwork.
Q:
The passage of a cultural category, culturally defined behavior, or culturally produced artifact from one society to another through borrowing is calleda. transnationalism.b. cultural diffusion.c. multiculturalism.d. cultural hybridization.e. globalization.
Q:
A bilateral kinship group that is most like the lineage is called a
a. family.
b. clan.
c. phratry.
d. dormitory floor.
e. ramage.
Q:
An informant is what anthropologists call the individuals from whom they learn a culture.
Q:
Cultural hybridization is the economic incorporation of different parts of the world into a system based on capitalism, not politics.
Q:
Descent from a common ancestor through males only, is called
a. patrilineal descent.
b. matrilineal descent.
c. bilateral descent.
d. exogamy.
e. endogamy.
Q:
A microculture is the patterned behavior characteristic of a subgroup within a larger society.
Q:
Refugees are people who flee their country of origin because they share a well founded fear of persecution.
Q:
An older married couple, together with their married sons, their daughters-in-law, and their grandchildren, all living in a single household, is a classic example of
a. a nuclear family.
b. an extended family.
c. a lineage.
d. a clan.
e. a ramage.
Q:
Detached observation is a research approach in which investigators observe human behavior and create their own categories and theories to describe and explain it.
Q:
The world system is the movement of a cultural category, culturally defined behavior, or culturally produced artifact from one society to another through borrowing.
Q:
are unilineal descent groups composed of lineages. Their members recognize descent from a common ancestor, but cannot usually trace their actual genealogical connections.
a. Ramages
b. Kindreds
c . Clans
d. Phratries
e. Families
Q:
Culture is the patterned behavior characteristic of a group of people.
Q:
The world system is the economic incorporation of different parts of the world into a system based on capitalism, not politics.
Q:
A family is a kin group made up of at least one married couple and their children, and which is residential and which has sexual, reproductive, economic, and educational functions.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), those who ride in the Run for the Wall consciously see it as a pilgrimage.
Q:
McCurdy notes that when a groom ritually breaks into his future bride's front yard at the beginning of the final wedding ceremony, the act is one way to symbolize her movement from her natal family to his.
Q:
If the people of a village prefer that their children marry spouses from other villages, they follow the rule of village endogamy.
Q:
According to Reed, when colonists develop the tropical forest in which Guaran live, the Indians must farm more and more land to survive.
Q:
Because their environment was so difficult, the !Kung relied heavily on the labor of children and old people to provide edible plants for general consumption in 1963.
Q:
Despite residence in a sparse desert environment, the !Kung did not eat a majority of the edible plants and animals found in their territory when observed in 1963.
Q:
According to Deutscher (You Are What You Speak), a part time linguist named _________along with anthropologist, Edward Sapir, argued that language determined perception.a. Benjamin Lee Whorfb. Roman Jacobsonc. Guugu Yumithiird. Henry R. Blackburne. Emile Durkheim
Q:
Lee's gift of a Christmas ox was ridiculed by the !Kung because he misunderstood their criteria for a desirable animal.
Q:
!Kung ridiculed the ox Lee gave them for their Christmas feast because the animal was too thin and old.
Q:
The misunderstanding that Lee experienced with the !Kung was based on different cultural meanings for Lee's gift of a Christmas ox.
Q:
!Kung regularly express admiration for one another's hunting achievements.
Q:
Anthropologists, such as George Hicks, look for inside meaning when they do ethnographic research.