Q&A Hero

Q: According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), a. Powhatan formed the original League of the Iroquois. b. Benjamin Franklin advised the Mohawk to form the League of the Iroquois. c. the League of the Iroquois originally included six nations, each with 10 representatives to a central council. d. the League of the Iroquois was formed sometime between 1000 and 1400 AD. e. two of the above

Q: Reed argues that people must be prevented from living in the Amazon forest if the tropical ecosystem is to survive.

Q: In his article entitled "The Founding Indian Fathers," Weatherford argues that a. the U.S. Congress is designed on a European model. b. American colonists taught the Indians how to conduct political discourse. c. the design of the League of the Iroquois served as a model for the federal structure of the U.S. government. d. Powhatan suggested that the colonists form a federation so that he could deal with them more efficiently. e. two of the above

Q: If the DNA codon for an amino acid is ACC, what are the mRNA and its tRNA anticodon, respectively?a. TGG; UCC b. GGT; CCAc. GTG; CACd. UGG; ACC

Q: Some biologists hypothesize that introns are maintained in eukaryotes because their population sizes are much smaller than in prokaryotes. ________ is the random, nonadaptive evolutionary process that explains this phenomenon.a. Genetic drift b. Natural selectionc. Protein synthesisd. Transcription

Q: Alternative splicinga. allows the same DNA sequence to code for more than one protein.b. allows prokaryote exons to be included in the genome of eukaryotes.c. allows only certain sections of DNA to be copied.d. allows a maximum of four exons to be attached to mRNA.

Q: The Guaran, according to Reed, have exploited the forest commercially as well as for subsistence for nearly 500 years.

Q: According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), Benjamin Franklin and several other influential colonists were intimately aware of Indian political structures and processes.

Q: Reed claims that the Guaran depend on a slash and burn agriculture for 94 percent of their dietary needs.

Q: Unlike a eukaryote, a prokaryotea. does not have DNA. b. has many introns and exons.c. has a large number of chromosomes.d. does not have a nucleus.

Q: Sickle-cell anemia a. is on the decline. b. is caused by the change in two amino acids that make up the hemoglobin molecule. c. results when hemoglobin molecules do not fold correctly, reducing their ability to bind to oxygen. d. increases an individual's susceptibility to malaria.

Q: Exact replication of DNA is possible because a. the low number of possible nucleotides. b. base-pair complementarity. c. the sequence of nucleotides along the DNA, which is always the same. d. both a and c are correct.

Q: According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), proceedings of the League of the Iroquois differed from those found in the U.S. Congress in that Indians did not allow members of the League to caucus.

Q: According to Reed (Forest Development the Indian Way), the Guaran, and in the past, millions of other Indians exploited the Amazonian tropical forests without causing permanent harm to the ecosystem.

Q: Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers) notes that an Iroquois named Canassatego, speaking at an Indian-British assembly in Pennsylvania in 1744, complained that it would be easier for the Indians to deal with colonists if the latter would form a union of all the colonies and speak with one voice.

Q: Which of the following statements is true?a. DNA has a nonrepeating four-base structure.b. DNA is contained in chromosomes.c. DNA stands for determining nuclear acid.d. DNA does not tell us why heredity leads to the patterns Mendel described in pea plants.

Q: The structure of DNA is that a. of a series of intertwining chromosomes. b. of a double-stranded molecule, consisting of four bases. c. of a series of bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. d. both b and c are correct.

Q: Analysis of DNA sequences tells us that a. humans and chimpanzees share a more recent common ancestor than either shares with gorillas. b. the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans were gorillas. c. humans left Asia about 1 million years ago. d. humans left Asia and went to Africa.

Q: According to Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease), old world crowd diseases killed percent of the Indians of the Americas in the first 100 years after Columbus's arrival in the new world. a. 95 b. 80 c. 70 d. 50 e. 30

Q: Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers) notes that the League of the Iroquois included a government with an elected chief, and delegates, called sachems, from five different tribes.

Q: Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease) explains the absence of epidemic diseases among the peoples of the Americas by noting that new world peoples lacked a. herd animals, the source of most infectious diseases. b. cities with unsanitary conditions. c. cities and states connected by regular trade. d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

Q: Molecular genetics a. links biology to geophysics. b. has explained the way the solar system works. c. has demonstrated that humans descended from chimpanzees. d. provides data for reconstructing the evolutionary history of species.

Q: When two loci are very close together on a chromosome,a. they are linked.b. a crossing-over event between them is less likely than when two loci are far apart.c. they can blend into a single gene.d. both a and b are correct.

Q: According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), the federal structure of the U.S. government closely resembles the design of the League of the Iroquois.

Q: Crossing overa. can occur between loci on nonhomologous chromosomes.b. can occur between alleles on the same chromosome.c. increases genetic variation.d. decreases genetic variation.

Q: Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease) argues that hunter/gatherers were not afflicted by epidemic diseases because a. their populations were too small. b. they moved their camps several times a year, which contributed to good sanitation. c. they did not keep domesticated animals, the primary source of infectious diseases. d. they did not engage in long-distance trading on a regular basis. e. all of the above

Q: Imagine two loci on one chromosome. At one locus the genotype is Aa, and at the other locus the genotype is Bb. After meiosis, what are all of the possible genotypes of the gametes?a. AB and ab gametes b. All AB gametesc. AB, ab, Ab, and aB gametesd. Ab and aB gametes

Q: According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), the only sign that Indians had something to do with the founding of the U.S. government is the statue of an Indian woman that rests on top of the Capitol dome.

Q: According to Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease), the pulses (periods of infection in a population followed by many disease-free years) that are characteristic of epidemic diseases are primarily caused by the fact that a. the diseases become attenuated because if they kill their hosts they kill themselves. b. disease organisms "grow tired" much as human cells do as a person ages, and eventually die off. c. the entire human population dies so the disease can"t find any more victims. d. human medical (cultural) responses such as the development of antibiotics can stop infection for long periods of time. e. survivors have immunity for life so new epidemics can only start with the birth and accumulation of new society members who lack immunity.

Q: Which of the following is true of chromosomes? a. Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes. b. Chromosomes come in tetrads. c. Two chromosomes from each homologous pair are passed on to daughter cells during meiosis. d. One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to daughter cells during mitosis.

Q: The law of independent segregation states thata. the fact that a gamete has an A rather than an a allele does not influence the probability that it will have a B rather than a b allele.b. alleles on different chromosomes do not influence each other as they assort into gametes.c. dominant alleles act independently of recessive alleles.d. both a and b are correct.

Q: According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), the design of the U.S. Capitol and the murals in its rotunda send the message that U.S. Constitution is derived from European precedents, and that the Americans gave civilization to the Indians.

Q: Under which circumstance does Mendel's principle of independent segregation hold?a. Only when traits are tightly linked (close together) on the same chromosomeb. Only when traits are on different chromosomesc. Only when there is crossing overd. Only when the traits are not influenced by selection

Q: Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease) classifies human diseases into active and passive. Which one of the following is a passive disease based on Diamond's examples? a. plague b. measles c. cholera d. malaria e. influenza

Q: Imagine a cross between AA and Aa individuals. What is the genotypic ratio among the offspring?a. 1/2 AA and 1/2 aa b. 1/2 Aa and 1/2 aac. 1/2 AA and 1/2 Aad. All AA

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), the movement toward greater social stratification in human societies was inspired by a. the human tendency to form hierarchies. b. the production of extra (beyond the immediate needs of people) food. c. the advent of formal religion. d. the fact that some men and some women produced more food than others. e. none of the above

Q: Mendel crossed AABB with aabb individuals, where B = smooth, b = wrinkled, A = yellow, and a = green. What was the genotypic ratio of the F1 generation?a. All AAbb b. 1/2 AAbb and 1/2 aaBBc. All AaBbd. All AABB

Q: Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease) argues that four of the following are attributes of epidemic diseases. Which one is not? a. They enjoy a rapid exposure. b. They kill a high percentage of their victims but those who survive have lasting immunity. c. They tend to afflict human populations in a steady, persistent manner. d. They leave survivors with antibodies that last (lasting immunity). e. They are associated with large, dense populations.

Q: Consider a cross between tall and short plants in which all of the offspring are tall. This suggests that a. the allele for tall is recessive. b. the allele for tall is dominant. c. the alleles for tall and short are codominant. d. None of the above.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), hunter/gatherers lack leaders with formal authority because a. band members are not economically dependent on any one person in such societies. b. band members have not discovered the benefits of a formal political system. c. the economic importance of women makes it impossible for men to permanently acquire political authority. d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

Q: According to Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease), the attributes of epidemic diseases include a. steady continual infection of small populations. b. steady continual infections of large compact populations. c. the production of survivors who have long-lasting antibodies. d. the infection of a large number of people with slow-acting, lingering symptoms. e. none of the above

Q: What is the probability that an Aa individual will produce a gamete with an A allele?a. 100% b. 75%c. 50%d. 25%

Q: Harris (Life without Chiefs) argues that a. people inherit a tendency to form dominance hierarchies in their social groups. b. all groups must be led by formal, clearly identifiable leaders with authority. c. big men amassed more wealth than common people because of their position. redistributors. d. nation states should adopt the political systems of our democratic ancestors. hunter/gatherers. e. chiefs could amass wealth and even inherit their formal position.

Q: Recombination and crossing over are very important in the genetic process because they producea. variation. b. a new somatic cell.c. DNA.d. linked chromosomes.

Q: According to Diamond, active diseases are those which a. cause their hosts to spread them through such means as open sores and coughs. b. diseases whose presence can actually be seen by looking for symptoms. c. diseases that kill their hosts as opposed to passive diseases that may linger on for years. d. diseases that destroy the cells of hosts rather than simply inhabiting them. e. diseases that reproduce in hosts rather than lying dormant in them.

Q: When Mendel crossed heterozygote pea plants for two different traits, he recorded a phenotypic ratio ofa. 1:2:1. b. 4:8:4.c. 9:3:3:1.d. 12:4.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), mumis, or big men, among the Siuai of the Solomon Islands a. possessed formal authority to make people act. b. managed band reciprocity. c. led in a manner equivalent to a "U.S. scoutmaster." d. ate less well than other people. e. none of the above

Q: Mendel crossed true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds with true-breeding plants bearing green seeds. He then crossed the offspring from that mating with each other (F1 generation). What was the phenotypic ratio among the offspring?a. All yellow b. 1/2 green and 1/2 yellowc. 3/4 yellow and 1/4 greend. 3/4 green and 1/4 yellow

Q: According to Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease), most epidemic diseases a. evolved in the Americas but failed to spread because populations were too small there. b. evolved in the old world as a result of growing sedentary human populations and the domestication of animals. c. evolved in Africa from diseases that afflicted monkeys and great apes, the nearest human relatives. d. evolved in Asia where they are closely associated with vectors such as the Asian tiger mosquito. e. are tropical in origin.

Q: Mendel crossed true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds with true-breeding plants bearing green seeds. He then crossed the offspring from that mating with each other (F1 generation). What was the genotypic ratio among the offspring of the F1 generation?a. All Aa or aAb. 25% aa, 50% Aa/aA, and 25% AAc. All AA or aad. 33.3% aa, 33.3% Aa/aA, and 33.3% AA

Q: When Mendel crossed true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds with true-breeding plants bearing green seeds, what was the genotypic ratio among the offspring?a. 100% aa individuals b. 100% AA individualsc. 100% Aa individualsd. 3 to 1 yellow to green individuals

Q: When a true-breeding plant bearing yellow seeds produces gametes, what alleles are represented among those gametes? a. Only A alleles b. Only a alleles c. Both a and A alleles, in equal frequencies d. Both a and A alleles, but mostly A alleles

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), headmen a. are found primarily in hunting and gathering societies. b. become a center for the redistribution of food. c. lead by example without authority. d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

Q: Symptoms, such as coughs and diarrhea are the human body's way of fighting diseases according to Diamond.

Q: What genotype do true-breeding plants bearing green seeds have?a. aa b. aAc. Aad. AA

Q: When Mendel crossed true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds with true-breeding plants bearing green seeds, what was the phenotypic ratio among the offspring? a. All aa individuals b. All AA individuals c. Half yellow and half green individuals d. All yellow individuals

Q: In his article entitled "Life without Chiefs," Harris argues that _____________ appear in conjunction with ______________ exchange. a. big men, reciprocal b. big men, redistributive c. headmen, redistributive d. chiefs, reciprocal e. presidents, market

Q: Indians of the Americas failed to evolve crowd diseases because they had few domesticated animals and lacked significant trade between cities.

Q: What genotype do true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds have?a. aa b. aAc. Aad. AA

Q: A heterozygote is an individual with a. the same paternal and maternal allele at a particular locus. b. a different paternal and maternal allele at a particular locus. c. a recessive allele. d. a dominant allele.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), The Cherokee living in what is now the state of Tennessee had a chiefdom marked by a paramount chief and subordinate chiefs. Each Cherokee family had a corn crib, called "the chief's granary," in its fields where the grain was stored for the chief to redistribute.

Q: An individual with two identical alleles at a locus isa. an independent phenotype. b. a homozygote.c. a heterozygote.d. dominant.

Q: Hunter/gatherers provided an ideal population within which crowd diseases, such as smallpox, could evolve and spread.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), big men amassed more wealth than common people due to their position as redistributors.

Q: The phenotype of an individual refers to a. its visible characteristics. b. the number of homologous pairs of chromosomes. c. the number of chromosomes in its body cells. d. the number of chromosomes in its sex cells.

Q: The genotype of an individual refers to a. the alleles it carries. b. its visible characteristics. c. the number of chromosomes in its sex cells. d. the number of chromosomes in its body cells.

Q: Attributes of infectious diseases include rapid exposure, an outcome marked by death or a complete cure, and lasting antibodies among survivors.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), the hierarchy and leaders with authority arise in human society as a result of culture, especially economic factors and group size, not biological inheritance.

Q: Gametesa. contain both homologous chromosomes.b. are responsible for normal body growth of organisms.c. can be eggs or sperm.d. are diploid.

Q: Diamond classifies diseases into active and passive types on the basis of whether or not the disease organisms cause the host to provide a way to spread the microbes to others.

Q: Harris (Life without Chiefs) notes that big men, because of their position as redistributors, tend to amass more wealth and live in more comfort than other people in their societies.

Q: Which of the following is true of meiosis? a. Daughter cells contain one chromosome from each homologous pair. b. Daughter cells contain both chromosomes from each homologous pair. c. Meiosis produces somatic cells. d. Meiosis produced diploid cells.

Q: In meiosis, a. haploid cells are produced from a single diploid cell. b. haploid cells are produced from two diploid cells. c. diploid cells are produced from a single diploid cell. d. diploid cells are produced from two haploid cells.

Q: Which of the following is true of mitosis? a. Mitosis produces identical daughter cells. b. Mitosis produces nonidentical daughter cells. c. Mitosis produces cells with different chromosomes. d. Mitosis produces haploid gametes.

Q: According to Diamond, malaria is an active disease whereas syphilis is a passive disease.

Q: In mitosis a. a haploid cell divides into two diploid cells. b. a diploid cell divides into two haploid cells. c. a haploid cell divides into two diploid cells. d. a diploid cell divides into two diploid cells.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), social stratification gained momentum wherever extra food produced by the "inspired diligence of redistributors" could be stored in anticipation of redistributions.

Q: According to Diamond, infectious diseases appeared when humans contacted remote areas of the world where only animals harbored the troublesome microbes.

Q: According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), leaders called "big men" appear in societies whose economies are characterized by delayed reciprocity.

Q: In diploid organisms a. chromosomes occur in homologous pairs. b. chromosomes occur in homologous triplets. c. meiosis produces diploid gametes. d. mitosis produces haploid cells.