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Q:
According to the Freeds (Taraka's Ghost), Sita's father and husband were embarrassed by her ghost possession and usually kept her secluded during her seizures.
Q:
According to Cronk in his article, "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," gift giving can be used to intimidate people.
Q:
Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?a. 25% aa, 50% Aa, and 25% AA b. All AA c. 4% aa, 16% Aa, and 64% AAd. None of the above.
Q:
The Freeds (Taraka's Ghost) argue that malevolent spirit possession in North India is often associated with high levels of stress.
Q:
Consider a population of 20 AA, 40 Aa, and 40 aa individuals. A is a dominant allele causing death before reproductive age. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation after selection?a. All AA individuals b. All aa individuals c. 50% AA and 50% aa individualsd. 25% AA and 75% aa individuals
Q:
Imagine a population where there are 20 aa individuals, 50 Aa individuals, and 30 AA individuals. Imagine that selection acts against both homozygotes such that neither homozygote survives to adulthood. What is the frequency of each genotype in the next generation of zygotes?a. aa = 0, Aa = 1.0, and AA = 0 b. aa = .20, Aa = .60, and AA = .20 c. aa = .20, Aa = .50, and AA = .30d. aa = .25, Aa = .50, and AA = .25
Q:
Taxes would best be classified as a form of
a. barter.
b. allocation of resources.
c. market exchange.
d. reciprocal exchange.
e. redistributive exchange.
Q:
Imagine a population where 20 individuals are aa, 40 are Aa, and 40 are AA. What are the allelic frequencies?a. a = .2 and A = .8 b. a = .4 and A = .6 c. a = .5 and A = .5d. a = .6 and A = .4
Q:
According to the Freeds (Taraka's Ghost), the Ghosts of unfortunate male lovers often possess North Indian women.
Q:
Gift giving among family members at Christmas is an example of
a. allocation of resources.
b. market exchange.
c. reciprocal exchange.
d. redistributive exchange.
e. barter.
Q:
Imagine a population where A = .2 and a = .8. Assuming random mating, what is the frequency of each genotype among the zygotes of the next generation?a. AA = .2, Aa = 0, and aa = .8 b. AA = .40, Aa = .16, and aa = .44 c. AA = .04, Aa = .32, and aa = .64d. AA = .40, Aa = .30, and aa = .60
Q:
Imagine a population of 0 AA, 60 Aa, and 40 aa individuals. What is the frequency of each allele in this population?a. A = .6 and a = .4 b. A = .5 and a = .5 c. A = .3 and a = .7d. A = .4 and a = .6
Q:
Religious specialists who control supernatural power are called
a. priests.
b. diviners.
c. shamans.
d. witch doctors.
e. gurus.
Q:
The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is called
a. production.
b. division of labor.
c. unit of production.
d. technology.
e. economic plans.
Q:
A religious specialist reads the cracks in the burned scapula (shoulder blade) of a sheep in order to predict future events, the act would be called
a. divination.
b. sorcery.
c. magic.
d. witchcraft.
e. sacrifice.
Q:
Sexual reproduction by itselfa. can change allelic frequencies. b. can cause evolutionary change. c. can change genotypic frequencies.d. both b and c.
Q:
One would expect to find the least job specialization in a
a. hunting and gathering society.
b. horticultural society.
c. industrial society.
d. agricultural society.
e. pastoral society.
Q:
What are the allelic frequencies of the following population: 0 AA, 100 Aa, and 100 aa individuals?a. 50% A and 50% a b. 0% A and 100% a c. 25% A and 75% ad. 33% A and 67% a
Q:
Religious specialists who mediate between people and the supernatural are called
a. witches.
b. shamans.
c. diviners.
d. priests.
e. witch doctors.
Q:
What are the genotypic frequencies of the following population: 60 AA, 120 Aa, and 20 aa individuals?a. 30% AA, 60% Aa, and 10% aa b. 60% A and 40% a c. 60% AA, 120% Aa, and 20% aad. None of the above.
Q:
Evolutionary change occurs
a. whenever mutation occurs.
b. whenever allelic frequencies change from one generation to the next.
c. whenever genetic drift is eliminated.
d. Both a and b.
Q:
The provision of goods and services to meet biological and social wants is called
a. production.
b. the economic system.
c. market exchange.
d. division of labor.
e. the unit of production.
Q:
When someone uses a set of well-defined procedures he believes control and manipulate supernatural force in order to gain some end, he or she is practicing
a. prayer.
b. magic.
c. witchcraft.
d. transcendent religion.
e. taboo.
Q:
Which of the following cannot cause evolutionary change within a population?a. Natural selection b. Hardy"Weinberg forces c. Mutationd. Random genetic drift
Q:
Technology refers only to the machines people use to make things.
Q:
Peas were a useful subject for Mendel's experiments because they have a number ofa. discontinuous traits. b. mating strategies. c. maladaptations.d. canalized behaviors.
Q:
Evolutionary change in a phenotype
a. results from change in the environment only.
b. reflects change in the underlying genetic composition of a population.
c. cannot be passed from parent to offspring.
d. Both a and c.
Q:
In some societies, people believe that individuals are born with supernatural force that they consciously or unconsciously use to cause harm. Anthropologists classify these supposed activities as
a. magic.
b. sorcery.
c. witchcraft.
d. two of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
The economic system defines the provision of goods and services to meet human biological and social wants.
Q:
To understand how Mendelian genetics helps to explain evolution, we need to look closely at what happens to genes in populations that are undergoing natural selection. This is the domain ofa. primatology. b. evolutionary ecology. c. human variation.d. population genetics.
Q:
Folk concepts of ghosts, spirits, ancestral beings, and gods are, according to most anthropologists, signs of belief in
a. the supernatural.
b. taboo.
c. magic.
d. impersonal supernatural force.
e. sacrifice.
Q:
Briefly describe five reasons that evolution does not always lead to the best possible phenotype.
Q:
Because they are based on role obligations, taxes are an example of reciprocal exchange.
Q:
How can small population size affect gene frequencies? When is fixation reached?
Q:
The cultural knowledge of the supernatural that people use to cope with the ultimate problems of human existence is called
a. personified supernatural power.
b. mana.
c. taboo.
d. transcendental values.
e. religion.
Q:
Explain why natural selection cannot evolve a camera-type eye from a compound eye.
Q:
Market exchange is associated with many larger societies where people must be able to procure a wide variety of goods and services from strangers.
Q:
Explain how natural selection can shape flexible behavioral responses.
Q:
Stories about how the world came to be are called cosmology.
Q:
Explain how natural selection can move a population beyond its initial range of variation.
Q:
Explain why offspring are usually intermediate between their parents even though blending inheritance is not true.
Q:
When people buy and sell goods and services on the basis of price, supply, and demand, we call the process redistributive exchange.
Q:
If a person believes that some rocks lying in a yam field contribute to the rapid growth of the plants, we might suspect the presence of a belief in mana.
Q:
How is continuous variation consistent with Mendelian inheritance?
Q:
Division of labor refers to the person or organized group responsible for producing something.
Q:
Consider the following population: 40 aa, 30 Aa, and 30 AA individuals. What is the frequency of the a allele? Imagine that all of the recessive homozygotes die before reproductive age and that all other genotypes survive and produce equal numbers of offspring. What is the frequency of the a allele in the next generation? Explain your answers.
Q:
)What are the phenotypes and phenotypic ratios of the F2 generation and why?
Q:
If a person uses a powerful spell to hurt another individual, anthropologists would label him or her a witch.
Q:
A good example of reciprocal exchange in American society is gift giving at birthdays.
Q:
How does alternative splicing allow the same DNA sequence to code for more than one protein? Why is alternative splicing important in eukaryotes?
Q:
If a religious specialist were to use a powerful saying to cure a sick individual, anthropologists would label him or her a shaman.
Q:
What is the role of regulatory genes? What is meant by the combinational control of gene expression? Illustrate your answer with an example.
Q:
According to Reed (Forest Development the Indian Way), until the recent incursion of colonos (colonists, such as ranchers and farmers), Guaran villagers
a. had no contact with people in other parts of South America.
b. traded with outsiders for machetes, hooks, soap, and salt.
c. developed an indigenous market system that tied villages together.
d. were nomadic hunter/gatherers.
e. worked for decades as rubber tapers to augment their substance economy.
Q:
How does a sequence of DNA produce a protein through transcription and translation?
Q:
The term "supernatural" labels people's irrational beliefs about power in inanimate objects.
Q:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Q:
According to Reed (Forest Development the Indian Way), sustainable development means a. commercial forest exploitation without the elimination of natural resourcesb.the protection of the economic, ecological, and social spheres of people living in the forestc.the promotion of social stability among all people in the forest by more evenly distributing rising living standardsd.two of the abovee. a, b, and c above
Q:
Explain the life cycle of diploid organisms in terms of meiosis and mitosis.
Q:
Religion helps people cope with ultimate problems of their existence such as the meaning of life, death, evil, and transcendent values.
Q:
Consider a homologous pair of chromosomes with the genotype Aa at one locus and the genotype Bb at another locus. After undergoing meiosis, what are all of the possible genotypes of the gametes produced?
Q:
Reed argues that, for the Guaran, ____________ was essential to subsistence.
a. farming
b. foraging
c. the combination of rubber tree tapping and foraging
d. the combination of hunting and gathering
e. the combination of farming and foraging
Q:
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Include in your discussion for each process (a) the number of daughter cells produced and (b) the number of chromosomes each new cell contains. What are recombination and crossing over, and why are they important in the study of evolution?
Q:
Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers) points out that western United States spawned most of the post eighteenth century democratic and egalitarian reforms such as
a. electing the first woman to Congress before women had the vote.
b. the dropping of property and religious requirements for voters.
c. the public election of senators in place of selection by state legislatures.
d. the use of primary elections and electoral recalls of unpopular officials.
e. all of the above.
Q:
Imagine a cross between two AaBb individuals, where A = yellow, a = green, B = smooth, and b = wrinkled. What is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio among the offspring?
Q:
Which one of the following was not a consequence of outside development in the Guaran tropical forests, according to Reed?
a. The Indians who stayed on the land could no longer farm.
b. The Guaran could no longer practice successful horticulture.
c. Disease and malnutrition increased.
d. The Indians could no longer successfully hunt and fish.
e. Men often left for work on ranches or commercial farms.
Q:
How do the results of Mendel's experiments affect our understanding of how variation is preserved?
Q:
At least ________ of the genome is expressed as noncoding DNA.a. 50% b. 25%c. 75%d. 5%
Q:
According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), the nations that made up the League of the Iroquois were led by
a. councils consisting of elected sachems.
b. chiefs.
c. priests.
d. councils consisting of hereditary heads of matriclans.
e. war chiefs.
Q:
According to Reed, Guaran Indians subsist in the Amazon tropical forest largely by
a. slash-and-burn farming.
b. horticulture and foraging.
c. foraging.
d. cattle ranching.
e. rubber tree tapping.
Q:
________ binds to complementary mRNA molecules and regulates the translation of mRNA into proteins.a. Transfer RNA b. MicroRNAc. Noncoding DNAd. Mitochondrial RNA
Q:
Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), notes that several features of the League of the Iroquois resemble the design and process found in the U.S. Congress. Which one of the following is such a feature?
a. a federation of separate nations
b. the rule that one sachem (delegate) should be able to speak at a time without interruption
c. Delegates to the grand council must be addressed by their office designation, not their personal name
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Q:
The organelles that splice the mRNA in eukaryotes after the introns have been snipped out are calleda. splitosomes. b. ribosomes.c. spliceosomes.d. Golgi bodies.
Q:
The presence of repressors and activators in regulatory genes means that there is ________ of gene expression.a. translation b. combinatorial controlc. a biochemical pathwayd. primary structure
Q:
As DNA codes for proteins, it can be interrupted by noncoding sequences calleda. organelles. b. proteins.c. introns.d. synthetases.
Q:
In his article "Forest Development the Indian Way," Reed argues
a. against any use of the Amazon tropical forest by people.
b. for government control of forest development that eases the Indians into the modern world economy gradually.
c. for a sustainable development program that permits the collection and sale of forest products without destroying the original ecosystem.
d. for an Indian relocation plan.
e. for laws that require commercial lumber companies and ranchers to replant the forest and introduce a 40-year cutting and clearing cycle.
Q:
According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), the purpose of debate in Indian councils was to
a. "flatten" opponents in order to gain prestige.
b. demonstrate a speaker's skills at public oratory.
c. increase the power of the speaker's constituents.
d. persuade and educate those present rather than intimidate them.
e. show that the speaker was ready to gain a higher office.
Q:
By sustainable development, Reed means that commercial lumber companies and ranchers should replant the tropical forest after they have cut down and permit exploited areas to regenerate for approximately 40 years.
Q:
Which of the following sequences is accurate for transcription and translation?a. DNA tRNA mRNA protein b. DNA mRNA proteinc. Protein tRNA DNAd. Protein tRNA DNA
Q:
Because there are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acids,a. many mutations have no effect on phenotype.b. every mutation has some effect on phenotype.c. each tRNA molecule contains two extra amino acids.d. each tRNA molecule contains two extra codons.
Q:
Which of the following is true of DNA transcription/translation?a. A codon corresponds to an amino acid.b. A DNA sequence codes for a protein.c. A protein consists of a series of codons.d. Both a and b are true.