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Anthropology
Q:
Analogous characters are similar because of
a. similar DNA.
b. similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species.
c. common ancestry.
d. similar mutations.
Q:
Consider the following amino acid sequence for three different species, A, B, and C. Each number is a different amino acid. The letter in each cell depicts the nitrogenous base that is associated with each amino acid. Which two species are most closely related based on this part of the genome? Amino Acid Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10A G T C A G T C A G AB G A C T G T G A C T C G T C A C A G A G Aa. Species A and C are most closely related.b. Species A and B are most closely related.c. Species B and C are most closely related.d. All three species are equally related.
Q:
Patten (Malawi Versus the World Bank) notes that the goal of the World Bank and IMF is to loan poor countries money to help them institute capitalism and to bring them into the global economy.
Q:
According to Miner (Body Ritual among the Nacirema), the Nacirema display an extreme concern for the maintenance and care of their bodies.
Q:
Derived characters are traits that
a. characterize the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share.
b. evolved after the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share.
c. are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.
d. are more complicated than ancestral characters.
Q:
In her article (Malawi Versus the World Bank) Patten claims that the goal of the World Bank and IMF is to lend poor countries money in order to build more efficient government agencies concerned with health and the control of HIV/AIDS.
Q:
Dubisch (Run for the Wall) argues that participation in the Run for the Wall
a. is like a rite-of-passage moving normal veterans into a select group of war advocates.
b. a needless glorification of war.
c. a personally transforming experience partly designed to heal personal wounds.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Q:
Ancestral characters are traits that
a. characterize the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share.
b. evolved after the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share.
c. are less well suited to the environment than derived characters.
d. are less specialized than derived characters.
Q:
Consider species A, B, and C, who share a knuckle-walking common ancestor. Species A and B are bipedal. Species C is a knuckle walker. Which of the following is most likely to be true?
a. A and B are more closely related to each other than to C.
b. A and C are more closely related to each other than to B.
c. C and B are more closely related to each other than to A.
d. There is not enough information to determine the most likely relationship.
Q:
According to Patten (Malawi Versus the World Bank), The World Bank and IMF sought to loan Malawi money in the 1980s until recently because the people there were no longer able to meet their need their daily need for food.
Q:
In order to conduct a meaningful comparative analysis, a researcher must
a. not take phylogeny into account.
b. only compare behavioral features.
c. only use independently evolved features.
d. compare absolutely everything about two taxa.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), Run for the Wall participants stopped at
a. Angel Fire, New Mexico
b. Denver, Colorado.
c. the Apache reservation in Arizona.
d. Window Rock, Wyoming.
e. all of the above
Q:
According to Weatherford, Bolivian villagers are going hungry in the mountains because
a. they all chew the more available coca leaves instead of keeping them for sale.
b. men have gone to the Chapare to work in cocaine production.
c. villagers are shipping all their food to cities where the demand to feed cocaine workers is high.
d. two of the above.
e. a, b, and c above.
Q:
When scientists use phylogenies to name species and classify them into hierarchical categories, they createa. systematics. b. taxonomies. c. macroevolution.d. character displacement.
Q:
Scientists use ________ to construct phylogenies.a. systematics b. taphonomy c. macroevolutiond. character displacement
Q:
Dubisch (Run for the Wall) notes that participants in the Run for the Wall
a. often frightened onlookers with their "outlaw biker" looks.
b. annoyed other motorists by hogging miles of highway with hundreds of bikes.
c. were mostly members of Western, especially Californian, motorcycle clubs.
d. were usually Vietnam veterans.
e. were motorcyclists attracted by the challenges associated with such a long ride.
Q:
According to Weatherford, one young man who traveled to the Chapare to work in cocaine production
a. sent home most of his money.
b. eventually took his ten year old sister to be a servant so he could make more money.
c. supplied his family with cocaine.
d. two of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
When daughter species first diverge from each other, they are most likely to differ in
a. morphological traits.
b. traits related to making a living or choosing mates.
c. features of their genome.
d. traits related to their life histories.
Q:
Closely related species are more similar to each other than they are to distantly related species for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. they share a more recent common ancestor than distantly related species.
b. distantly related species have had interrupted gene flow for a longer period of time.
c. distantly related species have had a longer time for independent evolution.
d. they have experienced more similar selection pressures than distantly related species.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), motorcycles are associated with _____________in American culture.
a cooperation
b. freedom
c. self-reliance
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Q:
Closely related species are similar to each other because they
a. share a recent common ancestor.
b. have converged on some functional characteristic, such as flight.
c. live in close proximity to one another.
d. live in similar environments all over the world.
Q:
The chewing of coca leaves, according to Weatherford, does not
a. cause intoxication.
b. increase calcium intake.
c. reduce the pain of headache.
d. reduce hunger pangs.
e. treat sorroche.
Q:
A phylogeny
a. reflects developmental stages.
b. can only be used for closely related species.
c. reflects the evolutionary history of living species.
d. does not help us understand evolutionary events.
Q:
At the end of the Cretaceous era, mammals diversified to fill a broad range of ecological niches. This is an example ofa. reinforcement. b. hybrid zones. c. phylogeny.d. adaptive radiation.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), anthropologist Victor Turner believed that ritual
a. organized all human behavior.
b. could be seen in peoples normal day-to-day behavior.
c. had two poles, one ideological and the other sensory.
d. occurred as a way to bury social myths.
e. is designed to express freedom, self-reliance, patriotism, and individuality.
Q:
Four of the following are effects of the international market for cocaine on Bolivians, according to Weatherford. Which one is not?
a. It has reduced calcium intake.
b. It has increased potato production for export to cities.
c. It has contributed to inflation.
d. It has caused the feet of pistacocas (cocaine workers) to ulcerate.
e. It has disrupted family life.
Q:
Dubisch (Run for the Wall) notes that rituals are
a. repetitive.
b. symbolic.
c. enactments of cultural beliefs or values.
d. personally transformational.
e. all of the above
Q:
Adaptive radiations are associated witha. macroevolution. b. microevolution. c. taxonomy.d. systematics.
Q:
According to Weatherford, which one of the following is an effect of the cocaine trade on the Bolivian economy?
a. It threatens to displace lowland hunter-gatherers
b. It contributes to national inflation
c. It has increased the rural production of chica
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Q:
Adaptive radiation occurs when
a. a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations.
b. a population expands across a uniform habitat.
c. multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments.
d. a species loses adaptations through mutation.
Q:
A hybrid zone
a. provides evidence for allopatric speciation.
b. sometimes contains individuals that are less fit than those outside of hybrid zones.
c. sometimes contains adaptive radiations.
d. provides evidence for the ecological species concept.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), the term liminality refers to
a. the emotional content of ritual.
b. a ritual period that is different from normal everyday time.
c. the patterned, repetitive aspects of ritual.
d. the special social myths reenacted by ritual.
e. a journey specifically associated with pilgrimages.
Q:
Different species of baboons live all over Africa in very diverse habitats. This is an example of ________ speciation.a. non-Darwinian b. parapatric c. sympatricd. allopatric
Q:
In his article on the impact of the market for cocaine on the Bolivian economy, Weatherford argues that
a. cocaine, while damaging its users, has been a blessing to Bolivian farmers.
b. the cocaine trade is providing the capital necessary for Bolivian development.
c. the cocaine trade has disrupted the traditional rural Bolivian economy.
d. two of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
Parapatric speciation occurs when
a. selection causes a single species to develop different adaptations to a similar environment.
b. a population is divided into two reproductively isolated subgroups that form separate species.
c. a single species experiences a gradient of environmental differences within its geographic range, which result in reproductive isolation.
d. a formerly isolated subpopulation recolonizes its home range and mates with the remaining individuals.
Q:
A central point that Dubisch makes about the men who participate in The Run for the Wall, is thata. they wish to repair the emotional wounds caused by their Vietnam war experiences and unpleasant homecomings.b. they are motivated by a desire to embarrass those who opposed the war.c. they enjoy showing off their expensive motorcycles to onlookers.d. they seek to increase veterans appropriations by publicly pressuring Congress.e. they come from all walks of American life but have at least two things in common, a love for motorcycles and a resentment against those who opposed the war.
Q:
According to Weatherford, the cocaine trade has disrupted the Bolivian transportation system.
Q:
________ speciation occurs when selection causes a single species to develop different adaptations to a similar environment.a. Allopatric b. Sympatric c. Parapatricd. Peripatric
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), the ritual for the soldiers missing in Vietnam is especially powerful because of the mountainous location of Limon, Colorado.
Q:
Character displacement is a process
a. that occurs when the morphology of two populations diverges.
b. of speciation involving gene flow.
c. of speciation involving genetic drift.
d. that can occur when hybrids are formed.
Q:
Imagine a scenario where a lake dries up enough to become two separate lakes, dividing a population of fish into two daughter populations. This is an example of
a. allopatric speciation.
b. sympatric speciation.
c. both allopatric and sympatric speciation.
d. neither allopatric or sympatric speciation.
Q:
Sympatric speciation involves
a. natural selection.
b. lack of gene flow.
c. a mother population divided into two physically separated populations.
d. genetic drift.
Q:
The demand for coca leaves has driven many farmers into the lowland rain forest to grow potatoes.
Q:
In her article, "Run for the Wall," Dubisch notes that the term "liminality" defines an emotional state that is sparked by ritual ceremony.
Q:
Sympatric speciation occurs when two populations
a. experience different mutations.
b. living in the same location experience different selection pressures.
c. form fertile hybrids.
d. are physically separated from each other.
Q:
During allopatric speciation, ________ may amplify the initial differences between populations and lead to two new species.
a. microevolution and asexual reproduction
b. reinforcement and character displacement
c. blending and macroevolution
d. phylogeny and disequilibrium
Q:
Pistococas are people who tread on a mixture of kerosene and coca leaves.
Q:
In her article, "Run for the Wall," Dubisch cites a definition of ritual that says rituals are patterned, repetitive symbolic enactments of cultural beliefs or values.
Q:
One effect that cocaine production has had on villages like Pocona is to increase demand for agricultural produce to feed workers, thus causing shortages back home.
Q:
Allopatric speciation can involve
a. recolonization without reproductive isolation.
b. gene flow.
c. genetic drift.
d. sharing habitat.
Q:
Allopatric speciation occurs when
a. gene flow is maintained between two subgroups of a mother population.
b. two morphologically different subgroups of a species share the same habitat.
c. gene flow prevents genetic variants from being exchanged between subgroups.
d. a subgroup is physically isolated from the mother population and gene flow can no longer occur.
Q:
Dubisch (Run for the Wall) argues that pilgrimages rarely affect people who are well adjusted and content with their lives.
Q:
Weatherford argues that the world market for cocaine has had just as damaging an effect on the Bolivian economy as it has on the users it supplies.
Q:
Which of the following is NOTa reason that reproductive isolation occurs?
a. An increase in a population's size
b. Variation in a species' courtship behavior
c. Restriction in a population's habitat
d. Variation in individual's activity patterns
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), pilgrimages are journeys with a purpose taken to a place with meaning. They can be religious, secular, or personal.
Q:
On the Galpagos Islands, natural selection pressures maintain the boundaries between three species even though there is substantial gene flow between them. This example provides evidence that
a. neither the biological nor the ecological species concept applies to all situations.
b. multiple genes influence beak size.
c. these three species should be classified as a single species.
d. the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) has the optimal beak size.
Q:
The existence of asexual species provides evidence that
a. species can be maintained through the biological species concept.
b. species can be maintained through the ecological species concept.
c. macroevolution is a stronger force than microevolution.
d. microevolution is a stronger force than macroevolution.
Q:
In this article on Bolivia, Weatherford shows how cocaine production has broken down class distinctions in the countryside.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), pilgrimages are religious rituals that involve journeys to sacred places.
Q:
According to the ecological species concept, individuals within a species remain similar to each other because
a. individuals in the same environment experience similar natural selection pressures.
b. lack of gene flow prevents the mixing of genes.
c. individuals in the same population share DNA.
d. individuals in the same environment sometimes experience different selection pressures.
Q:
According to Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative), his informant, Primo,
a. never held a job in New York's office environment.
b. left a job in a service company office primarily because of the low pay it offered.
c. enjoyed working for women supervisors.
d. had to quit his job because of repetitive stress syndrome.
e. disliked office work because he felt disrespected there.
Q:
Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?
a. The importance of allopatry between species
b. The importance of gene flow within species
c. The importance of sympatry within species
d. The importance of selection pressures
Q:
According to the ecological species concept, a species is a group of organisms thata. share morphology.b. are reproductively isolated from other like groups.c. share genetic information.d. share the same geographical and environmental circumstances.
Q:
According to the biological species concept, species remain the same because
a. new mutations are usually maladaptive.
b. environments change slowly.
c. gene flow keeps individuals similar to each other.
d. natural selection is a powerful process.
Q:
Dubisch (Run for the Wall) notes that the Run for the Wall began as a way to promote respect for service in the U.S. military.
Q:
The biological species concept emphasizes
a. genetic drift within populations.
b. gene flow between populations.
c. the importance of mutations.
d. that the amount of genetic information that is exchanged within a population rarely changes.
Q:
According to Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative), as reported in the 1990 census,
a. 78.4 percent of the women living in New York's Spanish Harlem receive public assistance.
b. 48.3 percent of men living in Spanish Harlem were "officially employed."
c. more than half the Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem sell crack cocaine
d. the only jobs Puerto Rican men can get in New York City are dirty manufacturing jobs.
e. 42.4 percent of Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem have fathered children with women to whom they are not married.
Q:
According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
a. share morphology.
b. share the same geographical and environmental circumstances.
c. are reproductively isolated from other like groups.
d. share genetic information.
Q:
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), the "run" is taken annually by a group of motorcyclists who start the ride in California, stop nightly for rest and ritual ceremonies, and end at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC.
Q:
According to Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative), the unionized jobs associated with manufacturing in New York
a. provided life-time security for Puerto Rican workers.
b. were difficult for Puerto Ricans to get because they were foreigners.
c were open only to Anglo workers.
d. permitted some rebellious behavior.
e. required more education than non unionized jobs.
Q:
A magical practice in baseball that is culturally learned rather than personal, is
a. the wearing of the lucky number, 77.
b. wearing a pair of shoes that bring luck.
c. tugging the hat before each pitch.
d. placing a penny for each win in one's athletic supporter cup.
e. mentioning a no-hitter while the game is in progress.
Q:
________ occurs when members of a given group of organisms do NOT successfully mate with organisms of the same species outside of their group.a. Monogamy b. Gene flow c. Reproductive isolationd. Microevolution
Q:
According to Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative), the New York City economy
a. has lost tens of thousands of jobs since 1963.
b. is dominated by manufacturing jobs requiring unskilled labor.
c. has the same number of jobs that it did in 1963 but more of these are located in offices.
d. only has jobs that can be held by educated people.
e. none of the above
Q:
Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?
a. Biologists have not incorporated behavior into species' definitions.
b. Biologists do not know how reproductive isolation happens.
c. Biologists are uncertain of how new species arise and how established species are maintained.
d. Biologists have not figured out how to use DNA data to determine species' status.
Q:
Gmelch notes that fetishes are often associated with baseball magic. These are
a. things to be avoided.
b. repetitive actions.
c. sacred objects.
d. sayings.
e. aquatic animals with fins.
Q:
Macroevolution is
a. the formation of new species.
b. the death of individuals.
c. evolutionary change within a species.
d. the extinction of a species.
Q:
According to Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative), ______________ was a key value for men in the workplace in Puerto Rico
a. loyalty to the boss
b. education
c. the ability to concentrate
d. being respected
e. physical strength
Q:
Microevolution is
a. the formation of new species.
b. the extinction of a species.
c. evolutionary change within a species.
d. the death of individuals.
Q:
Gmelch notes that during one season when he was playing baseball, he refrained from eating pancakes. This is an example of what anthropologists call
a. a fetish.
b. a taboo.
c. mana.
d. charms.
e. a ritual.
Q:
Consider the following population: 30 AA individuals, 50 Aa individuals, and 20 aa individuals. Is this population in Hardy"Weinberg equilibrium? Explain your answer.