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Question
With respect to confidentiality and privileged communication:
a. confidentiality and privileged communication are both primarily ethical issues.
b. confidentiality and privileged communication are both primarily legal issues.
c. confidentiality is primarily a legal issue, and privileged communication is primarily an ethical issue.
d. confidentiality is primarily an ethical issue, and privileged communication is primarily a legal issue.
e. it depends on the context as to whether confidentiality and privileged communication are ethical or legal issues.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
The practice of evaluating professors for tenure, promotion, and merit pay increases is based largely on their records of:
a. grants brought into the university.
b. teaching effectiveness.
c. presenting at national conferences.
d. getting along well with other professors.
e. scholarly publications.
Q:
Research participants:
a. must be paid if their identities will be disclosed by the researcher.
b. must sign a document in front of a notary if they agree to waive their privacy.
c. generally, are not guaranteed privacy.
d. have a right to expect to have their confidentiality protected.
e. may never agree to have their name disclosed by a researcher.
Q:
Counselor competency can be assured if:
a. a counselor is licensed by his or her state licensure board.
b. a counselor has graduated from a CACREP-accredited masters degree program.
c. a counselor is a National Certified Counselor (NCC).
d. a counselor has earned a masters degree in counseling from a regionally-accredited university.
e. there is no way to assure counselor competency.
Q:
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that:
a. counselors give clients a clear written explanation of how they use, keep, and disclose their health care information.
b. clients have access to their records.
c. a written process exists for clients to request amendments to their records.
d. a written history of most disclosures of client information be available to clients.
e. all of the above.
Q:
When documenting for self-protection:
a. documentation should be relatively vague so as not to reveal too much information.
b. as much detail as possible (e.g., dates, times of events, and exact words spoken) should be included.
c. in the event a counselor realizes that documentation should have been occurring sooner, the counselor should back-date the documentation rather than write a summary of what has happened up to that point in time.
d. counselors document to avoid responsibility for clinical decisions that were made or actions that were taken.
e. counselors should avoid including information related to disagreements they have had with a client.
Q:
Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding clinical case notes?
a. counselors should not take clinical case notes if they are worried about the notes being subpoenaed or later being seen by the client or anyone else.
b. counselors should take the clinical notes they need in order to function effectively as professionals.
c. it is reasonable to assume that clinical case notes will not be read by anyone other than the counselor who wrote them.
d. writing illegible case notes is a protection against being called upon to reveal sensitive information pursuant to a subpoena.
e. if clinical case notes are kept at the home of the counselor, they cannot be subpoenaed.
Q:
When counselor trainees make audiotapes or videotapes of counseling sessions for supervision purposes:
a. trainees must retrieve the tapes after the supervisors have reviewed them and then erase the tapes.
b. supervisors must handle the tapes appropriately during the time the tapes are in the supervisors possession.
c. supervisors should return tapes to trainees after the tapes have been reviewed.
d. the tapes should be labeled simply, in a manner that does not bring attention to the fact that the tapes are confidential records.
e. all of the above.
Q:
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. counselors should consult with colleagues when they are uncertain about an exception to confidentiality.
b. confidentiality and privilege belong to the client, not the counselor.
c. confidentiality and privilege are not absolute.
d. counselors should consult with colleagues when they are uncertain about an exception to privileged communication.
e. both confidentiality and privileged communication are based on the clients right to privacy.
Q:
All of the situations below may lead to client dependency EXCEPT:
a. managed care programs that limit the number of counseling sessions.
b. the requirement in internship that counselors in training have a minimum number of client contact hours.
c. the belief that a counselor is effective if the client returns for counseling sessions on a regular basis.
d. a counselor has a strong need to be needed by others.
e. it is less risky for clients to maintain close relationships with counselors than with others in their lives.
Q:
Because most counselors come from a middle class background, they:
a. tend to be aware of their class biases.
b. realize that some clients do not speak English well because of limited education or immigrant status.
c. find it difficult to hear class conditioning when listening to some clients stories.
d. should emphasize the importance of education when counseling clients from low socio-economic backgrounds.
e. should focus on personal relationships and rapport building when counseling low SES clients.
Q:
The most important resource for counselors to use in learning about different racial, ethnic, or cultural groups is:
a. their clients.
b. their colleagues who are from racial, ethnic, or cultural groups different from their own.
c. professional associations that focus on multicultural counseling issues.
d. books on multicultural counseling.
e. professional journal articles on multicultural counseling.
Q:
When counseling a client from a racial, ethnic, or cultural group different from the counselors, it is important for the counselor to remember that:
a. basically, all people are alike although they may look different.
b. although certain groups share similar traits or beliefs, each individual is unique and may not be like most others from his or her group.
c. since certain groups share similar traits or beliefs, the counselor should begin by assuming that this particular person is like most others.
d. stereotyping is often useful in understanding differences.
e. the counselor should demonstrate that she or he understands the client, by using words or phrases associated with the clients racial, ethnic, or cultural group.
Q:
Professionalism in counseling includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. being intrinsically motivated to achieve best practices in counseling. b. taking pride in ones profession. c. holding a doctorate in counseling or a related field. d. understanding the history and philosophy of the profession. e. representing the profession to the public in a positive and vigorous manner.
Q:
All of the following statements about advertising ones services in an ethical manner are true, EXCEPT: a. the ACA Code of Ethics imposes strict criteria and restrictions on advertising. b. counselors must correct misrepresentations of their qualifications if they learn about such misrepresentations. c. counselors are required to distinguish between paid and volunteer work experience when they advertise their qualifications. d. counselors must present their credentials accurately. e. many counselors hold multiple credentials and it is ethical to list all relevant credentials on their business cards.
Q:
The school counseling movement in the United States resulted as a consequence of which major event?
a. the Russians launching Sputnik.
b. the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
c. the Cuban Missile Crisis.
d. The American Psychological Associations declaration that only doctoral-level psychologists would be recognized as professionals.
e. the national legislation that ensured education for all handicapped persons.
Q:
Within the counseling profession, the primary goal of counseling is to:
a. help clients achieve wellness.
b. cure illnesses of clients.
c. identify and treat mental illnesses.
d. understand the illnesses with which clients present for counseling.
e. help clients understand unresolved emotional issues.
Q:
When a counselor discovers that a client holds values that are dramatically different from the counselors own values, the counselor should:
a. try to gently persuade the client to re-examine his or her values.
b. respect the clients values, even though the counselor disagrees with them.
c. immediately refer the client to another counselor.
d. give the client some reading material that will broaden his or her perspective.
ask the client how he or she would feel if people discriminated against him or her because of values held.
Q:
When a counselor who is working under supervision shares confidential information about clients with her or his supervisor:
a. the counselor is legally responsible if the supervisor inappropriately discloses the confidential information to a third party.
b. privileged communication is destroyed.
c. this is acceptable behavior because the supervisor needs the information in order to supervise effectively.
d. the information should be shared verbally, but not put in writing.
e. the counselor is unethically breaching client confidentiality.
Q:
Administrative supervision occurs when direct-line administrators give direction to counselors who are their:
a. employees, and has the goal of ensuring that counselors are performing their job duties appropriately.
b. determining whether the counselors should receive a pay raise.
c. increasing the counselors counseling skills.
d. remediating the counselors clinical deficiencies.
e. endorsing the counselors applications for licensure.
Q:
A supervisor is competent if he or she:
a. holds the supervisor certificate offered by the Center for Credentialing and Education (CCE), a corporate affiliate of the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC).
b. is a competent counselor.
c. has completed a graduate level course in supervision.
d. is approved to be a supervisor by a state licensing board.
e. can supervise other counselors in a professional and appropriate manner.
Q:
Whether or not a supervisor is likely to be held responsible, along with the supervisee, when a supervisees client commits suicide depends on whether:
a. the supervisor has offered consultation to the supervisee regarding his or her counseling practice on a regular basis.
b. the supervisor has direct control and authority over the supervisees day-to-day activities.
c. the wording of the supervision contract.
d. the supervisor knew that the supervisee was counseling an at-risk client.
e. the supervisor has professional liability insurance.
Q:
Students who have not been able to demonstrate the skills needed to be effective counselors
a. must be given opportunities to remediate their deficiencies before a dismissal decision is made.
b. are required by CACREP to repeat the practicum course.
c. are required to switch to a different major.
d. should be endorsed by faculty for graduation but not for employment as counselors.
e. should be required to take a years leave of absence from the training program.
Q:
Sexual relationships between counselor educators and their students:
a. are not expressly forbidden in the ACA Code of Ethics.
b. are expressly forbidden in the ACA Code of Ethics.
c. are not forbidden because students are not in a vulnerable position in their relationships with professors.
d. should be avoided but can be justified in some circumstances.
e. are expressly forbidden by most universities.
Q:
A Preferred Provider Organization (PPO):
a. must accept all counselors who apply to be added to their list of providers of health care services.
b. must accept counselors as providers of mental health services.
c. may not accept counselors as providers of mental health services and can limit the number of providers on their list of providers.
d. have to accept counselors as providers of mental health services if the counselors are licensed by their state.
e. may not limit the number of providers on their list of providers.
Q:
Freedom of choice legislation allows health care consumers to choose:
a. the insurance company they prefer.
b. the physician they prefer under their state authorized health care plans.
c. the hospital they prefer for health care treatment.
d. the state managed health care facility they prefer.
e. the type of health care provider they prefer under state authorized health care plans.
Q:
Health care plans in the United States:
a. must, by federal law, include mental health services benefits.
b. are available to 99% of the population.
c. often are unavailable to the working poor.
d. provide health care, including mental health care, to all individuals who are not covered by Medicaid.
e. are the best in the world and ensure that all Americans receive the health care they need.
Q:
Informed Consent in group counseling SHOULD include:
a. a reassurance that the counselor will not allow any events to occur that might put group members at physical or psychological risk.
b. a clear statement that there is no confidentiality in group settings.
c. an explanation that once the group starts, no one will be allowed to exit the group for the first month.
d. an explanation of ways the group may be congruent and incongruent with individual members cultural values.
e. an explanation that the members themselves are fully responsible for setting the goals, purpose, and ground rules of the group.
Q:
A family counselor who uses paradoxical directives or interventions could get into trouble, because clients who follow their prescriptions for behavior may be:
a. confused.
b. harmed.
c. engaging in illegal activities.
d. suspicious of the counselors motives.
e. distracted.
Q:
When it comes to determining who has the right to make decisions regarding a childs life, the law favors:
a. the adult with whom the child is living.
b. grandparents, if they are raising the child.
c. biological parents.
d. the child himself or herself.
e. the childs adult sibling.
Q:
When a counselor communicates with a client using e-mail:
a. the counselor should never include anything that is confidential because it is unethical to do so.
b. the clients business e-mail address should never be used because employers often read the e-mail messages of their employees.
c. the client should be told to avoid using e-mail to set or change appointment times because it is impossible to tell whether the counselor received the message that was sent.
d. the client should be advised that e-mail messages can always be retrieved and that e-mail systems are not as secure as other means of communication.
e. the counselor should never print out the e-mail messages because the clients confidentiality would be compromised by the existence of paper copies.