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Question
Which of the following statements is true about case-control designs?a. They rarely are feasible.
b. Data must be collected at multiple points in time.
c. Retrospective data are collected about past differences that might explain differences in outcome.
d. We usually can be highly confident about their internal and external validity.
e. We usually can be highly confident about the direction of causal influence.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
A research article reports that clients who received Intervention A had a 30% recidivism rate, while clients who received Intervention B had a 40% recidivism rate. What can be inferred from these statistics?
a. Intervention A is more effective than Intervention B.
b. The difference in recidivism rates was due to chance.
c. The difference in recidivism rates was NOT due to chance.
d. None of these.
Q:
Given the following age distribution, the mean is
18, 33, 7, 32, 6, 5, 4
a. 4
b. 7
c. 15
d. 32
e. cannot compute from the information given.
Q:
Coding refers to:
a. the assignment of a number or numeral to the attributes of a variable.
b. the assignment of a row in a data matrix to each questionnaire item.
c. the assignment of a number or numeral to each questionnaire item.
d. transferring variables to the computer.
e. the assignment of a variable to a computer column.
Q:
If research participants from two different cultures have the same average score on a scale measuring caregiver burden, that means that the two groups of participants subjectively perceive the same degree of caregiver burden.
Q:
Using anonymous enrollment procedures can enhance efforts to recruit research participants from stigmatized populations.
Q:
Latinos who recently immigrated to the United States are likely to have the same level of acculturation as Latinos whose parents or grandparents have lived in the United States for several decades or longer
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about measurement equivalence?
a. Linguistic equivalence ensures conceptual equivalence.
b. Linguistic equivalence is necessary for conceptual equivalence.
c. Conceptual equivalence ensures metric equivalence.
d. Metric equivalence is necessary for conceptual equivalence.
Q:
Sampling with hidden and oppressed populations:
a. almost always should involve probability sampling methods.
b. should avoid using the researcher's judgment about finding potential participants.
c. often must utilize the snowball sampling method.
d. never should combine probability and non-probability sampling methods.
Q:
When recruiting minority and oppressed populations in research studies, you should
a. use exactly the same informed consent procedures as with the majority population.
b. use the same types of advertisements or referral sources as with the majority population.
c. obtain endorsement for your study from community leaders.
d. avoid the use of community members as research staff.
Q:
Culturally insensitive research can
a. produce misleading results.
b. poison the climate for future research among a particular population.
c. have a harmful financial impact on a minority community.
d. all of these.
Q:
The PRIMARY ethical research issue raised by the Milgram study was
a. the willingness of people to harm others when "following orders" required it.
b. the administering of electrical shocks.
c. the effects of the methods on the experimental subjects.
d. the effects of the methods on the learner.
e. the examination of obedience as a topic for study.
Q:
Historical analysis can overlap with content analysis.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of secondary analysis?
a. Large chunks of data might be missing.
b. There might be no variation in a variable that you want to analyze.
c. Trends over time cannot be assessed.
d. The variable might have been defined in a way that does not match your definition of that variable.
Q:
Professor Perlman was interested in comparing two textbooks to determine whether one used more sexist language than the other. Perlman counted the number of times a gender reference appeared in each book. Perlman was doing
a. latent content coding.
b. manifest content coding.
c. quota sampling.
d. theoretical sampling.
Q:
An instrument is developed with the intent to measure whether the parenting skills of parents referred for child abuse or neglect improve after participation in a parenting education treatment program. The instrument is found to be valid when untreated parents referred for child abuse or neglect score much worse on it than model parents who are child therapists. Which of the following statements is/are true about the instrument?
a. It appears to have known groups validity.
b. Because it is valid, it can be relied upon to detect whether small, subtle improvements occur in the parenting skills of the parents who participate in the program.
c. It appears to have predictive validity.
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
Q:
Number of children is an example of a variable at the ratio level of measurement.
Q:
Moderating variables influence the strength or direction of relationships between independent and dependent variables.
Q:
The following is an example of a good hypothesis: "Social work practitioners who work in mental health agencies do not care adequately for the chronically mentally ill."
Q:
Which of the following IS NOT an operational definition of marital satisfaction?
a. a score on a scale measuring marital satisfaction.
b. whether or not identified by a therapist as having marital problems.
c. amount of marital unhappiness.
d. number of derogatory statements made by spouses to each other.
Q:
5. If we find that test performance improves as level of anxiety increases from low to moderate amounts and then worsens as level of anxiety increases beyond moderate amounts, then we have found what type of relationship?
a. positive.
b. negative.
c. curvilinear.
d. causal.
Q:
Unfortunately, the number of journals related to social work is very small, numbering less than 10 at last count.
Q:
A good research question should be narrow and specific, feasible to study, posed in a way that can be answered by observable evidence, and have significant potential relevance for guiding social welfare policy or social work practice.
Q:
The literature review should be delayed until a topic and research question are chosen.
Q:
Which of the following statements is NOT recommended for literature reviews that are part of larger studies or proposals?
a. The review should be thorough and up to date.
b. The review should be terse.
c. The review should provide extensive details about each prior study.
d. The review should point out any disagreements among previous researchers.
Q:
Mary chronicles people's attitudes toward an upcoming poverty program. Mary is doing explanatory research.
Q:
Critical social science researchers view research as a way to marshal ammunition in support of their social change efforts.
Q:
Alex interviews the same survivors of a hurricane immediately after the hurricane and then again at 3 month intervals over two years to see how the effects of the hurricane on them change over time. Alex is conducting a:
a. trend study.
b. cohort study
c. panel study.
d. cross-sectional study.
Q:
Some research studies can combine the use of qualitative methods with the use of quantitative methods.
Q:
When we want to verify whether a cause produces an effect in general, we are more likely to use quantitative methods.
Q:
Qualitative methods emphasize precise and generalizable statistical findings.