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Question
When a sample closely reflects the population in terms of aggregate characteristics, the sample is said to be _________________ of the population.Answer
This answer is hidden. It contains 14 characters.
Related questions
Q:
Program goals represent _____.
a. empirical indicators
b. desired outcomes
c. inputs
d. standards
Q:
Content analysis is really a(n) __________ operation that represents the measurement process.
Q:
In content analysis, one may code the underlying meaning of a communication which is often referred to as the ________________ content.
Q:
Which of the following is important to remember when using agency records?
a. to ask permission before you study any agency data
b. to examine the data through some form of content analysis
c. the financial considerations of obtaining complete agency records are typically substantial
d. the discretionary actions by criminal justice officials and others affect the production of virtually all agency records
Q:
FBI statistics and annual reports from the Federal Bureau of Prisons are examples of _____.
a. nonpublic agency records
b. new data collected by agency staff
c. published statistics
d. content analysis
Q:
Dr. Jones is having his Introductory to Criminal Justice students analyze cartoons. He instructs them to identify the number of violent acts per show, the type of violent act and the characteristics of the victim. Dr. Jones is having his students use _____.
a. content analysis
b. secondary data
c. new data collected by agency staff
d. nonpublic agency records
Q:
The publication produced by the Bureau of Justice Statistics that includes information about hundreds of justice agency data sets, characteristics of criminal justice agencies, and perceptions of crime to name just a few, is called _____.
a. the Uniform Crime Reports
b. the National Crime Victimization Survey
c. the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
d. Gallup Poll
Q:
Content analysis is well-suited for which of the following situations?
a. to determine unemployment rates
b. to find out public relations with police
c. to answer the classic questions of communications research
d. court records
Q:
It is often said that agency data are not designed for research purposes. Which of the following support that statement?
a. some criminal justice agencies collect data because they want to help researchers
b. often the data collected by criminal justice agencies is for their research use
c. agency records can be easily adapted to research purposes
d. data they do collect often reflect discretionary decisions by numerous individuals.
Q:
Which of the following statements is inaccurate concerning having agencies collect original research data?
a. cooperation to add research questions is likely to be successful if you are asking for a major additional effort on the part of the agency staff
b. the cooperation of the staff and their organizations are directly proportional to the intrusiveness of the data collection
c. if the research project is likely to save the agency money or improve staff performance the chances of enlisting assistance is greater
d. Researchers have less control over the data collection process when they rely on agency staff
Q:
Which of the following statements is not accurate concerning the use of published data in aggregate forms?
a. Published data is never used in criminal justice research because it is not readily available.
b. Published data is appropriate for measuring highly aggregated patterns or trends such as drug use over time.
c. Published data can be used for the covariation in two estimates of crime.
d. Published data are easy to obtain.
Q:
Which of the following would be an example of the data coming from the Census Bureau that have criminal justice applications?
a. Court records of Children in Custody
b. Self Report Survey data
c. Survey of Inmates in Local Jails
d. Survey of all Criminal Justice Professors
Q:
Social artifacts such as written documents or articles from newspapers represent which of the following types of data?
a. content analysis
b. secondary analysis
c. agency records
d. surveys
Q:
When using agency records in their research, researchers keep in mind two general maxims:
a. "Follow the paper trail" and "expect the expected"
b. "Follow the paper trail" but "expect the unexpected"
c. "Follow the rules" and "expect the expected"
d. "Follow the trail" and "expect the paper"
Q:
Data collected by or for public agencies is readily available and researchers have tight control over the actual data collection process.
Q:
Field research has covered the wide range of applications from highly structured counting to less structured field observations and _____________________.
Q:
The ___________________ is the person who will assist you in gaining access to a subculture.
Q:
Which of the following is not a guideline for good field note taking?
a. don"t trust your memory, write down as much as possible unobtrusively
b. develop your notes from sketchy to more detailed with rewrites
c. use only key words and phrases in your notes, you will remember the details at a later date
d. record as many details as you can right after each observation session
Q:
Grounded theory is not built from qualitative field observations.
Q:
Field research in criminal justice may produce either qualitative or quantitative data.
Q:
Field research is a data collection method that involves the direct observation of phenomena in their natural settings.
Q:
Field research is often associated with qualitative techniques.
Q:
One of the following is not accurate with respect to the construction of questionnaire items. Which one is inaccurate?
a. use only questions, no statements
b. short items are the best
c. avoid negative items
d. avoid the temptation to ask questions in a manner that determines a specific answer
Q:
When selecting a survey method, which of the following is not something to consider?
a. cost
b. speed
c. clarity
d. question content
Q:
It is usually best to begin a self-administered questionnaire with _____.
a. sensitive issues
b. age, gender, etc.
c. sexual behavior
d. the most interesting set of questions
Q:
In the interest of being unambiguous and precise, the survey questions should be _____.
a. long
b. statements of purpose
c. clear
d. translated in different languages
Q:
General population surveys and surveys of offenders tend to present what types of difficulties?
a. recall error
b. systematic error
c. feasibility error
d. random error
Q:
Focus groups usually consist of 15 to 20 people.
Q:
The __________________________ is the range of sample statistics we would obtain if we selected many samples.
Q:
If the variable that you are interested in studying is so rare that it is unlikely to be discovered using random sampling, what is the best alternative?
a. accidental sampling
b. quota sampling
c. stratified sampling
d. purposive sampling